The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (November 2019) |
A prison commissary[1] or canteen[2] is a store within a correctional facility, from which inmates may purchase products such as hygiene items, snacks, writing instruments, etc. Typically inmates are not allowed to possess cash;[3] instead, they make purchases through an account with funds from money contributed by friends, family members, etc., or earned as wages. Typically, prisons set a maximum limit of funds that can be spent by each inmate on commissary.
History
editIn 1930, the U.S. Department of Justice authorized and established a commissary at each federal institution.[4]
Operation
editSome prison commissaries are staffed by government employees and inmates, while others have been completely privatized. Significant price markups are common in prison commissaries, although some prison systems set maximum markups; for instance, the Delaware Department of Correction has a 20% maximum markup.[citation needed] $100 million in purchases were made from Texas' prison system alone in 2009.[5] Prison commissary is a privilege that is often taken away for infractions.[6]
Items used as currency
editCertain items tend to be used as currency by inmates. Cigarettes were a classic medium of exchange[7] and some jails in both the United States and United Kingdom sell electronic cigarettes.[8][9] However, in the wake of widespread prison tobacco bans, a number of other prison commissary items have taken precedence.
These include postage stamps, honey buns, instant ramen noodles, and packets of mackerel.[10][11]
Instant ramen noodles—often called "soups" in prison—are a popular item due to the often bland nature of prison food, the durability of ramen noodle packages, and the uniformity or fungibility based on how one "soup" can easily be exchanged for another or multiple can be exchanged for other goods or services between prisoners in an illicit prison economy.[6] As prison budgets are cut in the US, ramen has become a popular commodity to supplement food needs.[11]
Packets of mackerel are another such item.[12][13] In some prisons, packets of mackerel fish or "macks" has also taken prominence as a currency, as it is priced closely with one US Dollar, and maintains stability.[14][15] In 2021, one "mack" was equal to about one dollar, by late 2023 the price had inflated to $1.30.[16]
These ingredients are often used by inmates to prepare meals, colloquially called "spreads".[17]
See also
edit
- Prison food
- Inmate telephone system – Corrections phone systems
References
edit- ^ "FAQ: What is the Prison Commissary". Prison Fellowship. 26 May 2017. Retrieved 2020-12-18.
- ^ "Canteen and money". www.doingtime.co.uk. 29 January 2014.
- ^ "Gainesvillesun.com". Fadp.org. 2004-07-24. Archived from the original on 2012-02-24. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
- ^ "BOP: Inmate Money". Bop.gov. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
- ^ Stiles, Matt (November 23, 2010). "Texas Prison Commissary Sales". Texas Tribune. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
- ^ a b Giudice, Teresa & Baker, K.C. (2015). Turning the Tables: From Housewife to Inmate and Back Again. Gallery Books. ISBN 9781501135101.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Radford, R. A. (1945). "The Economic Organisation of a P.O.W. Camp". Economica. 12 (48): 189–201. doi:10.2307/2550133. ISSN 0013-0427.
- ^ "This Kentucky jailer couldn't find an e-cig that was safe enough for his jail. So he invented one". 27 November 2018.
- ^ https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/987123/Factsheet.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Gibson-Light, Michael (2018-06-01). "Ramen Politics: Informal Money and Logics of Resistance in the Contemporary American Prison". Qualitative Sociology. 41 (2): 199–220. doi:10.1007/s11133-018-9376-0. ISSN 1573-7837. S2CID 150090116. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
- ^ a b "Ramen noodles supplanting cigarettes as currency among prisoners". August 22, 2016.
- ^ "Incarcerations". Retrieved 30 April 2019.
- ^ "Mackerel Economics in Prison Leads to Appreciation for Oily Fillets". Online.wsj.com. 2008-10-02. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
- ^ Scheck, Justin (3 October 2008). "Mackerel Economics in Prison Leads to Appreciation for Oily Fillets". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ "Prisoners Explain Why A Pack Of Mackerel Is The Gold Standard Of Currencies In America's Prisons". Arabian Post. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ Fanelli, James (November 23, 2023). "Sam Bankman-Fried's Life Behind Bars: Crypto Tips and Paying With Fish". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2023-11-23.
A pouch of mackerel fillets costs $1.30, up 30% from $1 in 2020.
- ^ "The Art of Gourmet Cooking in Prison". www.vice.com. 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2021-07-31.
Further reading
edit- Arthur, Steven P. Arthur (June 8, 2015). "Prison Currency's Glass Ceiling". Psychology Tomorrow.
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