Ein Yaakov (Hebrew: עין יעקב, "Jacob's Well") is a 16th-century compilation of all the Aggadic material in the Talmud together with commentaries.[1][2][3] Its introduction contains an account of the history of Talmudic censorship and the term Gemara. It was compiled by Jacob ibn Habib and (after his death) by his son Levi ibn Habib.
Although ibn Habib intended his work for a wide audience, including the rabbinic elite,[4] Ein Yaakov was "especially treasured by laborers and others" who lacked the schooling to learn the more difficult parts of the Talmud. Some synagogues hold daily Ein Yaakov classes.[2][3]
Commentaries
editDozens of commentaries on the Ein Yaakov have been composed, and some editions contain 20 or more. These are some of the most notable commentaries:
- HaKotev (before 1516): Ibn Habib's own commentary. In the edition princeps his comments are marked by א"ה, "so says the author," and later editions call it HaKotev, "the author".
- Hiddushei Aggadot (before 1631): A work by Samuel Eidels which is often treated as a commentary to the Talmud, but Eidels writes in the introduction that his aim is "to compose a commentary to all the tales in the Ein Yaakov".
- Meor Einayim (1643): Josiah Pinto's commentary.
- Beit Yehuda (1634-6[5]): Leon da Modena's commentary, which appeared in all editions between 1684 and 1916.[1] Later editions call it HaBoneh. This is one of his most mature works, according to Ellis Rivkin.[6] Da Modena also compiled an index to the Ein Yaakov, titled Beit Lehem Yehuda.
- (Before 1667): Commentary of Nathan Shapira of Jerusalem, preserved MS Columbia X 893 L 973 and BL Add. MS 27020.
- Asaf HaMazkir (before 1672): A bibliographic work by Zechariah ben Ephraim Porto of Urbino. Included in back of Amsterdam, 1724.
- Kotnot Or (1683): Commentary of Isaac Meir Teomim-Frankel.
- Iyyun Yaakov (1729): Jacob Reischer's.
- Yashresh Yaakov (1729): Hayyim Abulafia's.
- Shevut Yaakov (1734): An expanded commentary by Hayyim Abulafia.
- (before 1746): Moshe Chaim Luzzatto supposedly composed a commentary, now lost.[4]
- Petah Einayim (1790): Chaim Yosef David Azulai's.
- Ein Avraham (1848): Abraham ben Aryeh Loeb Schick's.
- Yad Yosef, Etz Yosef, Anaf Yosef (before 1867): Enoch Zundel ben Joseph's three commentaries.
- Or haChayyim (1883): Commentary by Mordecai Jaffe of Plungė (1814-1883) to the Yerushalmi sections, compiled largely from the Korban Ha-Edah and the Pnei Moshe. First printed in Vilna, 1883.[7][8]
- Ein Ayyah (1883-1935): A lengthy commentary by Abraham Isaac Kook, published in 4 volumes.
Translations
editYiddish
edit- Mayse-Bukh (1602): The Ein Yaakov served as a source for this Yiddish collection.[9]
- Drashot uFerushim al Ein Yaakov (18th century): Jonah Wehle of Prague, a Frankist, composed a Yiddish commentary which is still in manuscript.[10]
- HaMeturgeman (1883): Much of the more obscure vocabulary was translated into Yiddish by Mordecai Jaffe of Plungė (1814-1883), printed as a running commentary to Vilna, 1883.[7][8]
- Ein Yaakov . . . Perush Ivri Deutsch: A Yiddish translation by Yosef Meir Yaavetz first printed in Warsaw, 1886.[11]
English
edit- En Jacob: Agada of the Babylonian Talmud (1916-1921): A slightly abridged bilingual edition in 5 volumes (I,II,III,IV,V) edited and translated by Samuel Hirsch Glick (c. 1884-8 September, 1929).[12][13] It does not include any of the classic commentaries, relying instead on Glick's translation and footnotes.
- Ein Yaakov: The Ethical and Inspirational Teachings of the Talmud (1999): A one-volume English translation by Avraham Yaakov Finkel.
- The Schottenstein Edition Ein Yaakov (2019-): A bilingual edition published by ArtScroll, of which 15 volumes have so far been released. A Tisha B'Av miscellany was also released in 2022.
French
edit- Aggadoth du Talmud de Babylone (1982): Translation by Arlette Elkaïm-Sartre, introduced by Marc-Alain Ouaknin. Based largely on Glick's English, with some content restored from the original.
Russian
editReferences
edit- ^ a b ḤABIB, JACOB (BEN SOLOMON) IBN, jewishencyclopedia.com
- ^ a b What Is Ein Yaakov?, chabad.org
- ^ a b Study the Legendary Ein Yaakov (dojlife.com), Rabbi Yaakov Rich
- ^ a b Lehman, M. S. (1993). A talmudic anthology of aggada: Examining the "ein yaakov".
- ^ On title page, "[AM 5]395," introduction signed "Adar [5]394," at the back "Tishrei [5]396". In his autobiography da Modena recalls that the printing of the work lasted from Adar 5394 to Cheshvan 5395 (March 1634-November 1635) because his printer was shut down for six months and then his grandson, who had been setting the type, was arrested by the Venetian authorities and imprisoned for 66 days. Venetian law then forbade Jews from printing books. In the printed errata at the back of the book (f. 48b) we read "If there are many errors in the first two sections of this book, the reader should not wonder, but rather fill in the gaps from context. For aside from the many difficulties which occurred in the printing, most-all of the type was set by a young and ignorant boy. I, Isaac of the Levites, son of Jacob Z"L, son of the daughter of the author of this work, am 14 years old today." See Benjamin Ravid, “The Prohibition Against Jewish Printing and Publishing in Venice and the Difficulties of Leone Modena,” in Isadore Twersky, ed., Studies in Medieval Jewish History and Literature (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Center for Jewish Studies, 1979), 135-153.
- ^ Rivkin, Ellis (1948). "Leon da Modena and the "Kol Sakhal": III. Leon da Modena (Continued)". The Jewish Quarterly Review. 38 (4): 369–408. doi:10.2307/1453155. ISSN 0021-6682.
- ^ a b Ḥabib, Jacob ben Solomon Ibn (1883). עין יעקב: עם כל המפרשים הנקובים בשער השני. ha-Almanah ṿeha-aḥim Rom.
- ^ a b Sokolow, Nahum (1884). "יקרא דשכבי". האסיף: לתקופת השנה (in Hebrew). בדפוס יצחק גאלדמאן. p. 135.
- ^ Gaster, Moses (1934). Ma'aseh Book. JPS. pp. 667, 671, 677, etc.
- ^ "פרוש עין יעקב". www.nli.org.il. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
- ^ Ḥabib, Jacob ben Solomon Ibn (1886). ʻEn Yaʻakov, kolel kol ha-agadot mi-Talmud Bavli vi-Yerushalmi: Ve-nosaf ʻal zeh perush ʻIvri taitsh (in Yiddish).
- ^ "מורשת חכמי אמעריקא: הרב שמואל צבי גליק ברוקלין-שיקאגו - מתרגם העין יעקב לאנגלית". מורשת חכמי אמעריקא (in Hebrew). April 15, 2015. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
- ^ "Rabbi Samuel H. Glick". The Boston Globe. 1929-10-16. p. 6. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
- ^ Translation of Ein Yaakov complete, collive.com
External links
edit- Ein Yaakov (full text), Sefaria
- Audio lectures, Rabbi Zvi Aryeh Rosenfeld
- Ein Ayyah (full text), Hebrew Wikisource
