The Łódź tram system is a tramway network located in Łódź, Poland that has been in operation since 1898.[1]
| Trams in Łódź | |
|---|---|
| Tramwaje w Łodzi | |
 "Piotrkowska Centrum" tram station | |
| Operation | |
| Locale | Łódź, Poland |
| Open | 23 December 1898 |
| Lines | 24 |
| Owner(s) | City of Łódź |
| Operator(s) | MPK Łódź Sp. z o.o. |
| Infrastructure | |
| Track gauge | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) |
| Electrification | 600 V DC overhead |
| Statistics | |
| Track length (total) | 124.1 km (77 mi) |
The system is operated by MPK Łódź Sp. z.o.o. There are 24 tramlines with a total linelength of 124.1 kilometres (77.1 mi). The system operates on 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge (narrow gauge) track.
History
edit
By the 1890s, Łódź had over 300,000 inhabitants. Łódź was a large industrial city characterized by textile industry, and a lack of wide streets, ring roads and a reliable public transport system. All passenger and freight traffic was concentrated in the city center, especially on Piotrkowska Street. Up to one thousand cabs and carriages drove around the city centre. Both the city government and local industrialists wanted to provide a solution to this situation, and therefore took up the construction of a tram past the city centre. In 1883, the first attempt to build a horse tram was made, which in the end was abandoned.[2] The project was tendered, but ultimately, never completed.[3]
A project with electric trams was then started, which would carry passengers by day and cargo by night. The Electric Railway Consortium Lodz (KEL) won a tender for construction the line. Julius Kunitzer signed the contract in St. Petersburg in front of Nicholas II on behalf of the KEL. He was backed by the German company AEG, which then started construction in the summer of 1897.
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Trams in Łódź made their first appearance on 23 December 1898.[4] Łódź was the first city to have electric trams in what was then Congress Poland. Initially, there were two fairly short tram lines that both served the city centre area; by February 1899 their number was doubled. In 1901, the first suburban tram lines started – the Pabianice and Zgierz lines.[5] Both of these initiatives were the result of the activities of private companies in which German manufacturers dominated.
The experiment with electric trams in Łódź fared even better than expected. Trams quickly paid off the cost of line construction, and the project brought considerable profits to its shareholders, whereas traffic in the center of the city decreased. Between 1910 and 1931, suburban tram lines connected many important places around the city. In the first half of the 1990s, some of those lines were closed down.
After World War II, the network of suburban and urban trams was nationalized and transferred to the Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne – Łódź (MPK Łódź), which, as the city expanded, expanded the number and length of both urban and suburban lines. Currently[when?] MPK operates 18 urban and 5 regional (or suburban) lines. The longest of these, and in fact the longest of all of Poland, is number 46, which has a length of 38 kilometres (24 mi).
While Łódź is acknowledged to be the first city in Poland to have a fully electrified tram system, it is less well known that unusually Łódź once boasted a small cemetery where tram drivers were buried. Sadly, nothing remains of this graveyard, which was situated on Lindley Street near the aptly named Tram Street (ul. Tramwajowa). Today, the cemetery plot where old tram drivers would have been laid to rest is occupied by the Lodz University Press and a language school.[citation needed]
In 2008, a teenager, described by his teachers as an "electronic genius", was arrested after using a remote control device he had assembled to cause several derailments and other accidents in the Łódź tramway system.[6]
Lines
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Legend: existing routes, dismantled routes
There are 21 lines on the network; 4 lines are currently not in operation (as of 2024). On some lines replacement buses operate.[7]
Lines are divided into colours to refer to the location on the main communication artery.
| Tram | Line | Stops | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kilińskiego/Tymienieckiego ↔ Doły | 16/17 | Temporary stub terminus at Kilińskiego/Tymienieckiego. |
| 2 | Dw. Łódź Dąbrowa ↔ Kochanówka | 34/35 | |
| 3 | Chojny Kurczaki ↔ Powstańców 1863r. | 25/26 | |
| Suspended temporarily due to shortage of rolling stock caused by the renovation of Chocianowice depot. | |||
| 5 | Kilińskiego/Tymienieckiego ↔ Teofilów | 25/27 | Temporary stub terminus at Kilińskiego/Tymienieckiego. |
| 6 | Chojny Kurczaki ↔ Doły | 46/47 | |
| 8 | Cm. Zarzew ↔ Teofilów | 33/34 | |
| 9 | Olechów ↔ Dw. Łódź Fabryczna | 22 | Temporarily shortened to Dw. Łódź Fabryczna due to the construction of Łódź Śródmieście train stop at the intersection of Zielona and Zachodnia streets. |
| 10A | Widzew Augustów ↔ Retkinia | 25 | |
| 10B | Olechów ↔ Retkinia | 32 | |
| 11 | Chocianowice Ikea ↔ Helenówek | 36/37 | |
| 12 | Stoki ↔ Retkinia | 30 | |
| Line suspended, replacement bus Z13 operates instead. | |||
| 14 | Dw. Łódź Dąbrowa ↔ Karolew (Retkinia) | 20/25 | Extended to Retkinia on weekends and holidays, ends at Karolew otherwise. |
| 15 | Chojny Kurczaki ↔ Stoki | 35/36 | |
| 16 | Dw. Łódź Dąbrowa ↔ Teofilów | 34 | |
| Suspended temporarily due to shortage of rolling stock caused by the renovation of Chocianowice depot. | |||
| 18 | Retkinia ↔ Telefoniczna Zajezdnia | 25/26 | Runs on weekdays only. |
| 41 | Niepodległości Square ↔ Pabianice Wiejska | 30 | |
| 43 | Włókniarzy/Legionów ↔ Konstantynów Łódzki | 17 | |
| 45 | Telefoniczna Zajezdnia ↔ Zgierz Plac Kilińskiego | 31/32 |
Types of vehicles
editThe following table shows the vehicles used for tram communication in Łódź (as of the 21st of August 2024).[8]
| Tramway type | Number | 
|
Picture |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moderus Gamma LF 06 AC | 30 |
|
.jpg)
|
| PESA 122NaL | 34 |
|
|
| PESA 122N | 10 |
|
|
| Bombardier Cityrunner | 15 |
|
|
| Düwag M8CN | 18 | .jpg)
| |
| Konstal 805N-ML Woltan[citation needed] | 62 | 
| |
| Konstal 805Na ND[citation needed] | 137 | _.jpg)
| |
| Konstal 805Na | 6 | .jpg)
| |
| Düwag MGT6D | 35 |
|
.jpg)
|
| Adtranz GT6M (AEG GT6M-ZR) | 6 (10) | 
| |
| total | 353 |
References
edit- ^ Wojciech Źródlak; Wojciech Dębski; Włodzimierz Hyży; Tomasz Igielski; Walczak Dariusz (1998). Łódzkie tramwaje 1898–1998 (in Polish). Łódź.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Rynkowska 1970, p. 113.
- ^ Rynkowska 1970, p. 143.
- ^ Rynkowska 1970, p. 146.
- ^ Wojciech Źródlak; Jerzy Wojtowicz; Marcin Kaczyński (2001). Łódzka podmiejska komunikacja tramwajowa 1901–2001 (in Polish). Łódź.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Baker, Graeme (11 January 2008). "Schoolboy hacks into city's tram system". Telegraph. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
- ^ "Rozkłady jazdy - MPK-Łódź Spółka z o.o." (in Polish). MPK Łódź Sp. z o.o. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ "Tabor - MPK-Łódź Spółka z o.o." (in Polish). Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
Bibliography
edit- Rynkowska, Anna (1970), Ulica Piotrkowska [Piotrkowska Street] (in Polish), vol. I, Łódź: Wydawnictwo Łódzkie, ISBN 978-83-939822-4-0