Šamac (Serbian Cyrillic: Шамац, pronounced [ʃâmat͡s]),[1] formerly Bosanski Šamac (Serbian Cyrillic: Босански Шамац) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are also small, uninhabited, parts located in the municipalities of Odžak[2] and Domaljevac-Šamac, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[3]
Šamac
Шамац | |
|---|---|
Town and municipality | |
 Šamac | |
 Location of Šamac within Republika Srpska | |
 | |
  Šamac Location of Šamac within Bosnia and Herzegovina  Šamac Šamac (Bosnia and Herzegovina) | |
| Coordinates: 45°03′38″N 18°28′3″E / 45.06056°N 18.46750°E | |
| Country |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity |  Republika Srpska |
| Geographical region | Posavina |
| Government | |
| • Municipal mayor | Đorđe Milićević (SDS) |
| • Municipality | 177.54 km2 (68.55 sq mi) |
| Population (2013 census) | |
| • Town | 5,390 |
| • Municipality | 17,273 |
| • Municipality density | 97/km2 (250/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Area code | 54 |
| Website | www |
As of 2013, the town has a population of 5,390 inhabitants, while the municipality has 17,273 inhabitants. It is situated on the right bank of the Sava river. Across the river is Slavonski Šamac in Croatia.
History
editThe modern town was founded by Bosnian Muslim refugees expelled from the Sanjak of Smederevo in 1862, after the Principality of Serbia gained autonomy from the Ottoman Empire and the ethnic conflicts surrounding the Čukur Fountain incident. These refugees hailed mainly from Užice and Sokol. At the time Šamac was initially called Gornja Azizija (Upper Azizija after Sultan Abdulaziz).[4] It was part of the Vilayet of Bosnia before it was annexed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1887.[citation needed] After World War I, the town became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. From 1929 to 1939, it was part of the Drina Banovina; and from 1939 until 1941 it was part of the Banovina of Croatia. During World War II, Šamac, as the rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was occupied by the Nazi-controlled Independent State of Croatia. After 1945, the city was reintegrated within the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Tito's Yugoslavia.
In the early stages of the Bosnian war the town was occupied by Bosnian Serbs who established a provisional municipal government. Most Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats were ethnically cleansed between April and November 1992.[5][6] During the war, a semi-permanent front line was established against Croatian and Bosniak forces towards the neighboring Orašje. In 2003, three Bosnian Serb town leaders at the time of the Yugoslav Wars were sentenced in the ICTY for crimes against humanity.[7]
The town lies on an important strategic position in Republika Srpska, near Brčko. As with most other places under Serb control, Srpska authorities removed the "Bosnian" adjective from the town's official name and changed it to "Šamac". Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats continued to refer to it by its historical name of "Bosanski Šamac" (Serbian Cyrillic: Босански Шамац, pronounced [bǒsanskiː ʃâmat͡s]).[1] causing tension among the inhabitants. A court order had the official name changed to simply Šamac, removing any ethnic divisions in its previous names.[8]
Settlements
editAside from the town of Šamac, the municipality includes the following settlements:
Demographics
editPopulation
edit| Population of settlements – Šamac municipality | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1948. | 1953. | 1961. | 1971. | 1981. | 1991. | 2013. | ||
| Total | 37,512 | 44,269 | 31,374 | 32,320 | 32,960 | 17,273 | ||
| 1 | Batkuša | 924 | 625 | |||||
| 2 | Brvnik | 609 | 253 | |||||
| 3 | Crkvina | 1,704 | 1,223 | |||||
| 4 | Donja Slatina | 623 | 471 | |||||
| 5 | Donji Hasić | 1,029 | 207 | |||||
| 6 | Gajevi | 626 | 438 | |||||
| 7 | Gornja Slatina | 1,361 | 903 | |||||
| 8 | Gornji Hasić | 1,048 | 427 | |||||
| 9 | Grebnice | 443 | ||||||
| 10 | Kornica | 830 | 302 | |||||
| 11 | Kruškovo Polje | 706 | 588 | |||||
| 12 | Lugovi | 422 | ||||||
| 13 | Novo Selo | 1,095 | 419 | |||||
| 14 | Obudovac | 3,199 | 2,421 | |||||
| 15 | Pisari | 608 | 436 | |||||
| 16 | Šamac | 4,877 | 5,605 | 6,239 | 5,390 | |||
| 17 | Škarić | 298 | 273 | |||||
| 18 | Srednja Slatina | 1,277 | 519 | |||||
| 19 | Tišina | 2,032 | 890 | |||||
| 20 | Zasavica | 558 | 339 | |||||
Ethnic composition
edit| Ethnic composition – Šamac town | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013. | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. | ||||
| Total | 5,390 (100%) | 6,239 (100%) | 5,605 (100%) | 4,877 (100%) | |||
| Serbs | 3,449 (67.19%) | 1,755 (28.13%) | 1,342 (23.94%) | 1,500 (30.76%) | |||
| Bosniaks | 1,253 (24.41%) | 2,178 (34.91%) | 1,697 (30.28%) | 2,163 (44.35%) | |||
| Croats | 227 (4.42%) | 827 (13.26%) | 687 (12.26%) | 726 (14.89%) | |||
| Others | 204 (3.97%) | 284 (4.55%) | 61 (1.08%) | 38 (0.77%) | |||
| Yugoslavs | 1 195 (19.15%) | 1 774 (31.65%) | 429 (8.79%) | ||||
| Albanians | 22 (0.393%) | 3 (0.062%) | |||||
| Montenegrins | 13 (0.232%) | 8 (0.164%) | |||||
| Slovenes | 5 (0.089%) | 3 (0.062%) | |||||
| Hungarians | 4 (0.071%) | 4 (0.082%) | |||||
| Macedonians | 3 (0.062%) | ||||||
| Ethnic composition – Šamac municipality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013. | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. | ||||
| Total | 17,273 (100%) | 32,960 (100%) | 32,320 (100%) | 31,374 (100%) | |||
| Serbs | 13,256 (76,74%) | 13,628 (41,35%) | 13,328 (41,24%) | 14,230 (45,36%) | |||
| Croats | 2,426 (14.05%) | 14,731 (44.69%) | 14,327 (44.33%) | 14,336 (45.69%) | |||
| Bosniaks | 1,265 (7.324%) | 2,233 (6.775%) | 1,725 (5.337%) | 2,192 (6.987%) | |||
| Others | 326 (1.887%) | 613 (1.860%) | 262 (0.811%) | 88 (0.28%) | |||
| Yugoslavs | 1,755 (5.32%) | 2 601 (8.05%) | 481 (1.53%) | ||||
| Montenegrins | 33 (0.10%) | 25 (0.08%) | |||||
| Montenegrins | 27 (0.08%) | 8 (0.02%) | |||||
| Hungarians | 7 (0.022%) | 4 (0.013%) | |||||
| Slovenes | 6 (0.019%) | 6 (0.019%) | |||||
| Macedonians | 4 (0.012%) | 4 (0.013%) | |||||
Economy
edit
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered employed people per their core activity (as of 2016):[9]
| Professional field | Total |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 84 |
| Mining and quarrying | 40 |
| Manufacturing | 426 |
| Distribution of power, gas, steam and air-conditioning | 31 |
| Distribution of water and water waste management | 19 |
| Construction | 5 |
| Wholesale and retail, repair | 417 |
| Transportation and storage | 182 |
| Hotels and restaurants | 117 |
| Information and communication | 6 |
| Finance and insurance | 20 |
| Real estate activities | - |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities | 57 |
| Administrative and support services | 7 |
| Public administration and defence | 176 |
| Education | 248 |
| Healthcare and social work | 122 |
| Art, entertainment and recreation | 8 |
| Other service activities | 7 |
| Total | 1,972 |
Sports
editThe local football club, FK Borac Šamac, plays in the third tier — the Second League of the Republika Srpska.
Notable people
edit
- Milica Babić-Jovanović (1909–1968), costume designer at the Serbian National Theatre
- Ljubo Miloš (1919–1948), Croatian World War II official and concentration camp commander; executed for war crimes
- Alija Izetbegović (1925–2003), first President of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Sulejman Tihić (1951–2014), Bosniak member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Zoran Đinđić (1952–2003), former Prime Minister of Serbia
- Srebrenko Repčić (b. 1954), former footballer
- Predrag Nikolić (b. 1960), chess Grand Master
- Stevo Nikolić (b. 1984), footballer
- Mario Mandžukić (b. 1986), former footballer
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b Mangold (2005:212)
- ^ "Naseljena Mjesta 1991/2013" (in Bosnian). Statistical Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
- ^ "Naseljena Mjesta 1991/2013" (in Bosnian). Statistical Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
- ^ Krpic, Amir. The 1862 Kanlica Conference and Demographic Changes in Northeast Bosnia in the 1860s (PDF).
- ^ "BOSNIA". www.hrw.org. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
- ^ "FACE TO FACE WITH EVIL - TIME". 2007-09-30. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
- ^ http://www.asil.org/ilib/ilib0622.htm#j3 International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) (Trial Chamber II): Prosecutor v. Blagoje Simic, Mirolsav Tadic and Simo Zadic (October 17, 2003) Archived February 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "RS bez "bosanskih" gradova". www.slobodnaevropa.org.
- ^ "Cities and Municipalities of Republika Srpska 2017" (PDF). rzs.rs.ba (in Serbian). December 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
References
edit- Official results from the book: Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine - Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991.
- Mangold, Max (2005), Das Aussprachewörterbuch, Duden, ISBN 9783411040667
External links
edit