Radical 51

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Radical 51 or radical dry (干部) meaning "oppose" or "dried" is one of 31 out of the total 214 Kangxi radicals written with three strokes.

← 50 Radical 51 (U+2F32) 52 →
(U+5E72) "oppose, dried"
Pronunciations
Pinyin:gān
Bopomofo:ㄍㄢ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh:gan
Wade–Giles:kan1
Cantonese Yale:gōn
Jyutping:gon1
Pe̍h-ōe-jī:kan
Japanese Kana:カン kan (on'yomi)
ほす hosu (kun'yomi)
Sino-Korean:간 gan
Names
Japanese name(s):干/ほす hosu
干/かん kan
一十/いちじゅう ichijū (chiefly primary education)
Hangul:방패 banpae
Stroke order animation

There are only nine characters derived from this radical, and some modern dictionaries have discontinued its use as a section header. In such characters that comprise 干 as a component, it mostly takes a purely phonetic role, as in "liver" (which falls under radical 130 肉 "meat").

is also the 27th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.

Evolution

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In origin, the character may depict either a pestle or a shield.[citation needed] It can be traced to the seal script.

Derived characters

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Strokes Characters
+ 0
+ 2 SC/TC/JP/KO
+ 3 (also SC form of -> / -> )
+ 5 /Kangxi (=并)
+10

In simplified Chinese

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As a character (not a radical), has risen to new importance, and even notoriety due to the 20th-century Chinese writing reform. In simplified Chinese, takes the place of a number of other characters with the phonetic value gān or gàn, e.g. of "dry" or "trunk, body", so that may today take a wide variety of meanings.

The high frequency and polysemy of the character poses a serious problem for Chinese translation software. The word gàn "tree trunk; to do" (rarely also "human body"), rendered as in simplified Chinese, acquired the meaning of "to fuck" in Chinese slang. Notoriously, the 2002 edition of the widespread Jinshan Ciba Chinese-to-English dictionary for the Jinshan Kuaiyi translation software rendered every occurrence of as "fuck", resulting in a large number of signs with irritating English translations throughout China, often mistranslating gān "dried" as in 干果 "dried fruit" in supermarkets as "fuck the fruits" or similar.[1]

Sinogram

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The radical is also used as an independent Chinese character. It is one of the Kyōiku kanji or Kanji taught in elementary school in Japan.[2] It is a fifth grade kanji.[2]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Victor Mair, The Etiology and Elaboration of a Flagrant Mistranslation, Language Log, December 2007.
  2. ^ a b "The Kyoiku Kanji (教育漢字) - Kanshudo". www.kanshudo.com. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved 2023-05-06.

Literature

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  • Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram: the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
  • Leyi Li: "Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases". Beijing 1993, ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2
  • Rick Harbaugh, Chinese Characters: A Genealogy and Dictionary, Yale University Press (1998), ISBN 978-0-9660750-0-7.[1]
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