Jizhong discovery

The Jizhong discovery (Chinese: 汲冢发现) was the accidental rediscovery in 279 AD of a corpus of bamboo and wooden slips, as attested in the Book of Jin. The slips were found by a grave robber named Biao Zhun (不準)^[a] who had broken into the tomb of King Xiang of Wei (r. 318–296 BC). The rediscovered texts enabled philological study among scholars that had been impossible since the editorial work of Han-era scholars Liu Xiang and Liu Xin. The importance of the discovery has been compared to that of the Guodian Chu Slips for modern scholarship.^[1]

Provenance

The initial editorial work on the slips was done by Xun Xu (d. 289), who was the director of the Jin imperial library, though its quality was questioned by his successors. Among his editions, only two have survived; the large number of quotations shows the extent of Xun Xu work's influence.

Among the works retrieved, collectively known as Jizhongshu (汲塚書), the most important were the Bamboo Annals, but other works of interest include manuscripts of the Guoyu, the I Ching, the Tale of King Mu, the Suoyu (瑣語 'Minor Sayings'), an anthology of zhiguai, and several Warring States-era glossaries.

Though the majority of the collection have subsequently been lost, the restoration work, which involved identifying a great number of variant scripts as well as collating fragmented bamboo strips and finding parallels in the received literature of the time, sparked renewed interest in ancient texts and epigraphy among Xun Xu's contemporaries, such as Lü Chen (呂忱), who wrote his Zilin dictionary by extending the Shuowen Jiezi; Guo Pu, who annotated the Erya, Sancang, Fangyan, the Classic of Mountains and Seas, and the Tale of King Mu; and Zhang Hua, who wrote the encyclopedic Bowuzhi.

Since the Book of Sui, the Jizhong cache is broadly referred as the source of the Yi Zhou Shu. However, this statement should be accepted with caution. Its source, the Book of Jin, indeed lists it among the titles of the Jizhong finds. However, some of the chapters presently contained in this compendium evidently postdate King Xiang’s era.^[2]

Notes

^ The Kangxi Dictionary quotes an entry in the Ming dynasty lexicon Zhengzitong: 「不姓之不，轉注古音，音彪」 which indicates this old, uncommon surname is pronounced biāo. The entry of the Song-era Tongzhi encyclopedia on "clans" cites the robber as an example under its listing for 不 surnames and gives the pronunciation fōu: 「不氏：甫鸠切。晋时有汲郡人不凖．」

References

Citations

^ Shaughnessy 2006, p. 5.
^ Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1993). "I Chou shu 逸周書 (Chou shu)". In Loewe, Michael (ed.). Early Chinese texts: a bibliographical guide. University of California, Berkeley. pp. 231–232. ISBN 978-1-557-29043-4.

Works cited

Shaughnessy, Edward L. (2006). Rewriting early Chinese texts. SUNY series in Chinese philosophy and culture. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-791-46643-8.
Fang Xuanling (房玄齡), et al. (648). 晉書 [Book of Jin] (in Literary Chinese).
Zhang Hua (張華) (c. 290). Bowuzhi 博物志 [Records of Diverse Matters] (in Literary Chinese).

[1] The Kangxi Dictionary quotes an entry in the Ming dynasty lexicon Zhengzitong: 「不姓之不，轉注古音，音彪」 which indicates this old, uncommon surname is pronounced biāo. The entry of the Song-era Tongzhi encyclopedia on "clans" cites the robber as an example under its listing for 不 surnames and gives the pronunciation fōu: 「不氏：甫鸠切。晋时有汲郡人不凖．」

[FOOTNOTEShaughnessy20065-2] Shaughnessy 2006, p. 5.

[3] Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1993). "I Chou shu 逸周書 (Chou shu)". In Loewe, Michael (ed.). Early Chinese texts: a bibliographical guide. University of California, Berkeley. pp. 231–232. ISBN 978-1-557-29043-4.

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