1-Phenylethanol is the organic compound with the formula C6H5CH(OH)CH3. It is one of the most commonly available chiral alcohols. It is a colorless liquid with a mild gardenia-hyacinth scent.[4]
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
1-Phenylethanol
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| Other names
Styrallyl alcohol
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.461 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 2937 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C8H10O | |
| Molar mass | 122.167 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colourless liquid with a floral[1] or almond-like odor[2] |
| Melting point | 20.7 °C (69.3 °F; 293.8 K) |
| Boiling point | 204 °C (399 °F; 477 K) |
| 1.95 g dm−3[3] | |
| log P | 1.4 |
| Hazards | |
| Flash point | 93 °C (199 °F; 366 K)[5] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Phenylethanol is an aromatic alcohol, it has the role of mouse metabolite. It is a natural product and is found in Cichorium endivia, Castanopsis cuspidata and other organisms.[6]
Natural occurrence
edit1-Phenylethanol is found in nature as a glycoside, together with its hydrolase β-primeverosidase in tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers.[7] It is also reportedly present in cranberries, grapes, chives, Scottish spearmint oil, cheeses, cognac, rum, white wine, cocoa, black tea, filbert, cloudberries, beans, mushrooms, and endives.[8]
Synthesis
editRacemic 1-phenylethanol is produced by the reduction of acetophenone by sodium borohydride. Alternatively, benzaldehyde can be reacted with methylmagnesium chloride or similar organometallic compounds to afford racemic 1-phenylethanol.
Asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone by Noyori catalysts proceeds quantitatively (50 atm H2, room temperature, minutes) in >99% e.e.[9]
The organic oxidising agent ethylbenzene hydroperoxide yields 1-phenylethanol when reduced. Used for the epoxidation of propene, this coproduces propylene oxide, and is an important step in the PO/SM process for the production of styrene.[10]
Applications
editIn the final step of the PO/SM process, dehydration of 1-phenylethanol yields styrene, analogous to many other dehydrations of alcohols to yield alkenes. While secondary to the direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, the PO/SM method remains industrially significant. This route accounted for approximately 15% of styrene production in the United States in 1993,[11] and has seen international development in the 21st century, especially in developing economies that have seen growth in demand for both styrene and propylene oxide.[12]
See also
edit- 2-Phenylethanol, achiral isomer of 1-phenylethanol.
References
edit- ^ Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993, p. 759
- ^ Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present., p. VA24 488
- ^ Southworth GR, Keller JL; Water Air Soil Poll 28: 239-48 (1986)
- ^ a b Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients. Volume 2. Edited, translated, and revised by T.E. Furia and N. Bellanca. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1975., p. 348
- ^ Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials. 12 ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1997., p. 325-71
- ^ PubChem. "1-Phenylethanol". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
- ^ Zhou, Ying; Dong, Fang; Kunimasa, Aiko; Zhang, Yuqian; Cheng, Sihua; Lu, Jiamin; Zhang, Ling; Murata, Ariaki; Mayer, Frank (2014-08-13). "Occurrence of glycosidically conjugated 1-phenylethanol and its hydrolase β-primeverosidase in tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 62 (32): 8042–8050. doi:10.1021/jf5022658. ISSN 1520-5118. PMID 25065942.
- ^ Burdock, George A. (2005). Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, Fifth Edition. CRC Press.
- ^ Dub, Pavel A.; Gordon, John C. (2018). "The role of the metal-bound N–H functionality in Noyori-type molecular catalysts". Nature Reviews Chemistry. 2 (12): 396–408. doi:10.1038/s41570-018-0049-z. S2CID 106394152.
- ^ US patent 6504038B1, Jacobus Johannes Van Der Sluis, "Process for the preparation of styrene and propylene oxide", published 2003-01-07, issued 2003-01-07, assigned to Shell USA Inc
- ^ Radian Corporation (1993-04-20). LOCATING AND ESTIMATING AIR EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES OF STYRENE (PDF) (Report). United States Environmental Protection Agency. p. 18. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
The majority of styrene is produced by dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, with about 15 percent produced by hydroperoxidation of ethylbenzene.
- ^ O'Connor, Rhian (2017-07-06). "The propylene oxide problem". Independent Commodity Intelligence Services. ICIS Chemical Business. Retrieved 2024-05-06.