This article is about the particular significance of the year 1865 to Wales and its people.
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| See also: | List of years in Wales Timeline of Welsh history
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Incumbents
edit- Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey – Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey[1][2][3][4]
- Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire – John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins (until 28 September)[5][6] George Pratt, 2nd Marquess Camden (from 4 November)
- Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire – Sir Richard Williams-Bulkeley, 10th Baronet[7]
- Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire – Edward Pryse[8]
- Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire – John Campbell, 2nd Earl Cawdor
- Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire – Robert Myddelton Biddulph[9]
- Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire – Sir Stephen Glynne, 9th Baronet[10]
- Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan – Christopher Rice Mansel Talbot[11]
- Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire – Edward Lloyd-Mostyn, 2nd Baron Mostyn[12]
- Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire – Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover[13]
- Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire – Sudeley Hanbury-Tracy, 3rd Baron Sudeley[14]
- Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire – William Edwardes, 3rd Baron Kensington
- Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire – John Walsh, 1st Baron Ormathwaite[15][2]
- Bishop of Bangor – James Colquhoun Campbell[16][17]
- Bishop of Llandaff – Alfred Ollivant[18][19]
- Bishop of St Asaph – Thomas Vowler Short[20][21][19]
- Bishop of St Davids – Connop Thirlwall[22][19][23]
Events
edit- 5 January — The Festiniog Railway officially opens to passengers, the first narrow gauge railway in the British Isles to do so.[24]
- 14 January — American Confederate paddle steamer Lelia sinks off the north Wales coast with the loss of eighteen lives.
- 1 February — The Vale of Neath Railway is amalgamated with the Great Western Railway.
- 14 April
- Opening of the Royal Pier, Aberystwyth, built by Eugenius Birch at a cost of £13,600.
- Paddle steamer Great Empress collides with Beaumaris Pier.
- May
- Opening of Talyllyn Railway.[25]
- A branch of The Philanthropic Order of True Ivorites Friendly Society is established and registered at Colwinston.[26]
- 28 May — The Mimosa sets sail with emigrants for Patagonia.[27]
- 10 June — Opening of Penarth Dock.
- 3 July — Opening of Barmouth Junction on the Aberystwith and Welsh Coast Railway.
- 28 July — The town of Puerto Madryn and the Patagonian colony is founded by Michael D. Jones.[28]
- 2 August — The Wales memorial to the late Prince Albert at Tenby, sculpted by John Evan Thomas, is unveiled by Albert and Victoria's 3rd son, 15-year-old Prince Arthur on his first public engagement.[29]
- 9 September — First of fifteen deaths in the only outbreak of yellow fever ever to occur in Britain, at Swansea.
- 21 October — Opening of Howells (department store) in Cardiff as a drapery.[30]
- 29 November — Two men die when a coal train falls into the North Dock at Swansea.
- 1 December — Llandrindod Wells is linked to the rail network for the first time.[31]
- 20 December — Gethin Pit disaster, Abercanaid: the second of two firedamp explosions at this colliery near Merthyr Tydfil kills 34 miners.[32]
- Francis Kilvert becomes curate of Clyro in Radnorshire.
- Sale of the Pwyllycrochan estate, leading to the development of Colwyn Bay.
- John Crichton-Stuart, Marquess of Bute, meets architect and designer William Burges.
- Robert Jones Derfel retires from the ministry and sets up a Welsh bookshop and press in Manchester.
Arts and literature
editAwards
edit- National Eisteddfod of Wales is held at Aberystwyth. The chair is won by Lewis William Lewis (Llew Llwyfo).
New books
edit- Morris Davies — Cofiant Ann Griffiths
- John Evans (I. D. Ffraid) — Coll Gwynfa (translation of Milton's Paradise Lost)
- John Ceiriog Hughes — Y Bardd a'r Cerddor[33]
- John Jones (Mathetes) — Pregeth i Fyfyrwyr Coleg Hwlffordd ...
- John Thomas (Ifor Cwmgwys) — Diferion Meddyliol[34]
Music
edit- Thomas Gruffydd Jones (Tafalaw Bencerdd) — Gwarchae Harlech (cantata)
Sport
editBirths
edit- 2 February — Henry Davies, cricketer (died 1934)
- 28 February — Arthur Symons, poet and critic (died 1945)[35]
- 7 March — Martyn Jordan, Wales international rugby player (died 1902)
- 30 April — Max Nettlau, German historian and Welsh learner (died 1944)
- 3 June — Prince George, second son of the Prince and Princess of Wales and himself Prince of Wales 1901–1910 (later King George V of the United Kingdom; died 1936)
- 6 August — Lewis Cobden Thomas, Wales international rugby player (died 1928)
- 22 August — Stephen Thomas Wales international rugby player (died 1937)
- 8 September — David Williams, Swansea politician (died 1941)
- 23 September — William Brace, politician (died 1947)[36]
- 20 October — Sir Rhys Rhys-Williams, 1st Baronet, judge (died 1955)[37]
- 26 October — Hugh Ingledew, Wales international rugby player (died 1937)
- October — Jack Doughty, footballer (died 1937)
- 16 December — George Rowles, footballer (died 1922)
- December — Richard Bagnall-Oakeley, Olympic archer (died 1947)
- date unknown
- Dickie Garrett, rugby player (died 1908)
- Albert Hybart, rugby player (died 1945)
- George Owen, footballer (died 1922)
- Robert Roberts, footballer (died 1945)
Deaths
edit- 21 February — Stapleton Cotton, military leader, 91[38]
- 26 April — William Williams, MP, 77[39]
- 29 April — Thomas Evans (Telynog), poet, 24[40]
- 18 June — William Parker Foulke, Welsh-descended American geologist, 49
- 10 August — Hugh Pugh, mariner, 71[41]
- 28 September — John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins, politician, Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire, 63[5]
- 20 November — Rees Howell Gronow, soldier, politician and memoirist, 70[42]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Edward Breese (1873). Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. p. 24.
- ^ a b J.C. Sainty (1979). List of Lieutenants of Counties of England and Wales 1660-1974. London: Swift Printers (Sales) Ltd.
- ^ Nicholas, Thomas (1991). Annals and antiquities of the counties and county families of Wales. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co. p. 695. ISBN 9780806313146.
- ^ Cylchgrawn Hanes Cymru. University of Wales Press. 1992. p. 169.
- ^ a b "Editorial". Welshman. 6 October 1865. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ Edwin Poole (1886). The Illustrated History and Biography of Brecknockshire from the Earliest Times to the Present Day: Containing the General History, Antiquities, Sepulchral Monuments and Inscriptions. Edwin Poole. p. 378.
- ^ Edward Breese (1873). Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. p. 26.
- ^ Thomas John Hughes (1887). The Welsh magistracy, by Adfyfr. South Wales and Monmouthshire Liberal Federation Offices. p. 5.
- ^ "Myddelton Biddulph, Robert (1805-1872), of Chirk Castle, Denb. and 35 Grosvenor Place, Mdx". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ "Glynne, Sir Stephen Richard, 9th bt. (1807-1874), of Hawarden Castle, Flint". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
- ^ "TALBOT, Christopher Rice Mansel (1803-1890), of Penrice Castle and Margam Park, Glam". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
- ^ Edward Breese (1873). Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. p. 29.
- ^ "Past Lord Lieutenants". Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
- ^ Herbert Arthur Doubleday; George Cokayne (1953). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant. St. Catherine Press, Limited. p. 423.
- ^ Jonathan Williams (1859). The History of Radnorshire. R. Mason. p. 115.
- ^ Fryde, E. B. (1996). Handbook of British chronology. Cambridge England: New York Cambridge University Press. p. 292. ISBN 9780521563505.
- ^ Thomas Duffus Hardy (1854). Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Or A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales... University Press. p. 305.
- ^ Frederick Arthur Crisp; Joseph Jackson Howard (1898). Visitation of England and Wales. p. 15.
- ^ a b c Thomas Duffus Hardy (1854). Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Or A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales... University Press. p. 307.
- ^ Nicholas Harris Nicolas (1857). The historic peerage of England: Revised, corrected, and continued ... by William Courthope. John Murray. p. 533.
- ^ The Apostolical Succession in the Church of England. James Parkes and Company. 1866. p. 15.
- ^ Old Yorkshire, volume 3. 1882. p. 90.
- ^ The Monthly Review Or Literary Journal Enlarged. Porter. 1780. p. 95.
- ^ Johnson, Peter (2007). An Illustrated History of the Festiniog Railway 1832–1954. Hersham: Oxford Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-86093-603-9.
- ^ Boyd, J. I. C. (1988). The Tal-y-Llyn Railway. Didcot: Wild Swan Publications. p. 45. ISBN 0-906867-46-0.
- ^ "County Treasures" (PDF). Vale of Glamorgan Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ Wilkinson, Susan (September 1998). "Welsh immigrants in Patagonia: Mimosa, the old ship that sailed into history". Buenos Aires Herald. Archived from the original on 5 March 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
- ^ Williams, R. Bryn (2000). The Welsh colony in Patagonia 1865–2000. Llanrwst: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 0-86381-653-3.
- ^ Jones, Peter Ellis (2011). "The Wales memorial to Prince Albert in Tenby". Pembrokeshire: The Journal of the Pembrokeshire Historical Society. 20: 53–60.
- ^ Finch, Peter (2004). Real Cardiff. Volume 2: The Greater City. Seren. pp. 50, 83. ISBN 1-85411-384-4.
- ^ Quick, Michael (2009). Railway Passenger Stations in Great Britain: a Chronology (4th ed.). Oxford: Railway and Canal Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-901461-57-5.
- ^ Gethin Pit Disaster 1865 Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine pp. 41–44.
- ^ Celtic Culture: A-Celti. ABC-CLIO. 2006. p. 940. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0.
- ^ Y Bywgraffiadur Cymreig hyd 1940. Paratowyd dan nawdd Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion (in Welsh). Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion. 1953. p. 1064.
- ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Symons, Arthur". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 287.
- ^ Griffith Milwyn Griffiths. "Brace, William (1865-1947), miners' leader and M.P." Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
- ^ Mary Auronwy James (2001). "Rhys-Williams, Sir Rhys (1865-1955), first Baronet created 1918, and a judge". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ Robert Thomas Jenkins. "Cotton, Sir Stapleton (1773-1865), 6th baronet, afterwards 1st viscount Combermere, field-marshal". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ David Williams. "Williams, William (1788-1865), Member of Parliament". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Walter Thomas Morgan. "Evans, Thomas (Telynog; 1840-1865), poet". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ David Thomas. "Pugh, Hugh (1794/5-1865), master mariner". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Robert Thomas Jenkins. "Gronow, Rees Howell (1794-1865), writer of memoirs". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
