The 1887 United States Senate election in Massachusetts was held during January 1887. Republican incumbent Henry L. Dawes was re-elected to a third term over opposition from within his own party, led by former Governor John Davis Long.
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280 members of the Massachusetts General Court Majority of votes needed to win | |||||||||||||||||||||
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At the time, Massachusetts elected United States senators by a majority vote of the combined houses of the Massachusetts General Court.
Background
editMassachusetts had been a solidly Republican state since the start of the American Civil War. The Senate consisted of 25 Republicans and 14 Democrats, and the House consisted of 158 Republicans, 78 Democrats, and 5 independents.[1][2]
Candidates
editDeclared
edit- Henry L. Dawes, incumbent Senator since 1874
- John Davis Long, U.S. Representative from Hingham and former Governor of Massachusetts
Declined
edit- George D. Robinson, Governor of Massachusetts since 1884[3][a]
Campaign
editOn January 10, Long supporters in the legislature moved for a binding Republican caucus to nominate a single candidate and coalesce the Republican vote. Dawes supporters killed the motion and instead substituted one for a non-binding conference.[4] Without a binding caucus, the candidates would be put to the whole of the legislature, where Dawes could rely on his support among Democrats and independents.
Some considered the matter to be a conclusive victory for Dawes.[5] However, there was a chance that Long could pick up Democratic votes in the legislature, as he had in 1883.[5][6]
On January 11, both candidates conducted separate canvasses of the legislature, and each found that they would win by around 75 votes.[5]
On January 17, Democrats caucused and determined to cast their first ballot for Patrick A. Collins, and then to divide between Dawes and Long on subsequent ballots. Supporters of Governor George Robinson also determined to cast their ballots for Dawes after voting for Robinson in early balloting, a major blow to Long.[7]
Balloting
editFirst ballot
editOn the first ballots, Long was well behind Dawes. However, some of his supporters intentionally cast ballots for George Robinson. No candidate was close to the required majority in either house. It was generally conceded by all but the Long faction that Dawes would be re-elected given his unexpected lead in the House and rumors that Democrats would cast their votes for him tomorrow.[8]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Patrick A. Collins | 14 | 35.00% | |
| Republican | John Davis Long | 12 | 30.00% | |
| Republican | Henry L. Dawes | 11 | 27.50% | |
| Republican | George D. Robinson | 2 | 5.00% | |
| Total votes | 40 | 100.00% | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Patrick A. Collins | 81 | 34.62% | |
| Republican | Henry L. Dawes | 65 | 27.78% | |
| Republican | John Davis Long | 44 | 18.80% | |
| Republican | George D. Robinson | 44 | 18.80% | |
| Total votes | 234 | 100.00% | ||
Second ballot
editOn January 19, Democrats held a legislative conference to determine their action on the second ballot. The legislature met in joint convention to decide the election, rather than meeting as separate houses.[9]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Patrick A. Collins | 92 | 33.33% | |
| Republican | Henry L. Dawes | 76 | 27.54% | |
| Republican | John Davis Long | 53 | 19.20% | |
| Republican | George D. Robinson | 53 | 19.20% | |
| Democratic | John E. Russell | 1 | 0.36% | |
| Total votes | 276 | 100.00% | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Henry L. Dawes | 181 | 65.58% | |
| Republican | George D. Robinson | 57 | 20.65% | |
| Republican | John Davis Long | 26 | 9.42% | |
| Democratic | Patrick A. Collins | 11 | 3.99% | |
| Democratic | John E. Russell | 1 | 0.36% | |
| Total votes | 276 | 100.00% | ||
Notes
edit- ^ Robinson declared on January 1 that he was not a candidate for Senate, but his denial was not so emphatic that supporters abandoned hope.
References
edit- ^ "Composition of the Massachusetts State Senate", Resources on Massachusetts Political Figures in the State Library, Mass.gov, archived from the original on June 6, 2020
- ^ "Composition of the State of Massachusetts House of Representatives", Resources on Massachusetts Political Figures in the State Library, Mass.gov, archived from the original on June 6, 2020
- ^ "The Massachusetts Senatorship". The Baltimore Sun. January 1, 1887. p. 1.
- ^ "A Victory for Senator Dawes". The New York Times. January 11, 1887. p. 1.
- ^ a b c "The Massachusetts Senatorship". The New York Times. January 14, 1887. p. 4.
- ^ Louisville Courier-Journal. January 17, 1887. p. 1.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Senator Dawes Gaining". The New York Times. January 18, 1887. p. 1.
- ^ a b c "Senator Dawes's Hopes". The New York Times. January 19, 1887. p. 4.
- ^ a b c "It's Dawes: Democrats Elect Him Senator". Boston Daily Globe. January 20, 1887. p. 1.