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1903 World Series

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The 1903 World Series was the first modern World Series to be played in major-league baseball. It matched the American League (AL) champion Boston Americans against the National League (NL) champion Pittsburgh Pirates[note 1] in a best-of-nine series, with Boston prevailing five games to three, winning the last four. The first three games were played in Boston, the next four in Allegheny (home of the Pirates), and the eighth (last) game in Boston.

1903 World Series
An overflow crowd at the Huntington Avenue Grounds in Boston prior to Game 3
Team (Wins) Manager(s) Season
Boston Americans (5) Jimmy Collins (player/manager) 91–47, .659, GA: 14+1⁄2
Pittsburgh Pirates (3) Fred Clarke (player/manager) 91–49, .650, GA: 6+1⁄2
DatesOctober 1–13
Venue(s)Huntington Avenue Grounds (Boston)
Exposition Park (Pittsburgh)
UmpiresHank O'Day (NL)
Tom Connolly (AL)
Hall of FamersUmpires:
Tom Connolly
Hank O'Day
Americans:
Jimmy Collins
Cy Young
Pirates:
Fred Clarke
Honus Wagner
Streaming
World Series 1904 →

Pittsburgh pitcher Sam Leever injured his shoulder while trap shooting, so his teammate Deacon Phillippe pitched five complete games. Phillippe won three of his games, but it was not enough to overcome the club from the new American League. Boston pitchers Bill Dinneen and Cy Young led Boston to victory. In Game 1, Phillippe struck out ten Boston batters. The next day, Dinneen bettered that mark, striking out 11 Pittsburgh batters in Game 2.

Honus Wagner, bothered by injuries, batted only 6-for-27 (.222) in the Series and committed six errors. The shortstop was deeply distraught by his performance. The following spring, Wagner (who in 1903 led the National League in batting average) refused to send his portrait to a "Hall of Fame" for batting champions. "I was too bum last year", he wrote. "I was a joke in that Boston-Pittsburgh Series. What does it profit a man to hammer along and make a few hits when they are not needed only to fall down when it comes to a pinch? I would be ashamed to have my picture up now."[1]: 138 

Due to overflow crowds at the Exposition Park games in Allegheny City,[note 2] if a batted ball rolled under a rope in the outfield that held spectators back, a "ground-rule triple" would be scored. 17 ground-rule triples were hit in the four games played at the stadium.[2]

In the series, Boston came back from a three games to one deficit, winning the final four games to capture the title. Such a large comeback would not happen again until the Pirates came back to defeat the Washington Senators in the 1925 World Series, and has happened only 11 times in baseball history. (The Pirates themselves repeated this feat in 1979 against the Baltimore Orioles.) Much was made of the influence of Boston's "Royal Rooters", who traveled to Exposition Park and sang their theme song "Tessie" to distract the opposing players (especially Wagner). Boston wound up winning three out of four games in Allegheny City.

Pirates owner Barney Dreyfuss added his share of the gate receipts to the players' share, so the losing team's players actually finished with a larger individual share than the winning team's.

The Series brought the new American League prestige and proved its best could beat the best of the National League, thus strengthening the demand for future World Series competitions.

Background

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A new league

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In 1901, Ban Johnson, president of the Western League, a minor league organization, formed the American League to take advantage of the National League's 1900 contraction from twelve teams to eight. Johnson and fellow owners raided the National League and signed away many star players, including Cy Young and Jimmy Collins. Johnson had a list of 46 National Leaguers he targeted for the American League; by 1902, all but one had made the jump.[1]: 99  The constant raiding, however, nixed the idea of a championship between the two leagues. Pirates owner Barney Dreyfuss, whose team ran away with the 1902 National League pennant, was open to a postseason contest and even said he would allow the American League champion to stock its roster with all-stars.[1]: 105  However, Johnson had spoken of putting a team in Pittsburgh and even attempted to raid the Pirates' roster in August 1902, which soured Dreyfuss. At the end of the season, however, the Pirates played a group of American League All-Stars in a four-game exhibition series, winning two games to one, with one tie.[1]: 102 

The leagues finally called a truce in the winter of 1902–03 and formed the National Commission to preside over organized baseball. The following season, the Boston Americans and Pittsburgh Pirates had secured their respective championship pennants by September. That August, Dreyfuss challenged the American League to an 11-game championship series. Encouraged by Johnson and National League President Harry Pulliam, Americans owner Henry J. Killilea met with Dreyfuss in Pittsburgh in September and instead agreed to a best-of-nine championship, with the first three games played in Boston, the next four in Allegheny City, and the remaining two (if necessary) in Boston.[1]: 122 

One significant point about this agreement was that it was an arrangement primarily between the two clubs rather than a formal arrangement between the leagues. In short, it was a voluntary event, a fact which would result in no Series at all for 1904. The formal establishment of the Series as a compulsory event started in 1905.[3]

The teams

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The 1903 Pittsburgh Pirates
  1903 World Series Teams

The Pirates won their third straight pennant in 1903 thanks to a powerful lineup that included legendary shortstop Honus Wagner, who hit .355 and drove in 101 runs, player-manager Fred Clarke, who hit .351, and Ginger Beaumont, who hit .341 and led the league in hits and runs. The Pirates' pitching was weaker than it had been in previous years but boasted 24-game winner Deacon Phillippe and 25-game winner Sam Leever.[1]: 119, 123 

The Americans had a strong pitching staff, led by Cy Young, who went 28–9 in 1903 and became the all-time wins leader that year. Bill Dinneen and Long Tom Hughes, right-handers like Young, had won 21 games and 20 games each. The Boston outfield, featuring Chick Stahl (.274), Buck Freeman (.287, 104 RBI) and Patsy Dougherty (.331, 101 runs scored) was considered excellent.[1]: 124 

 
The 1903 Boston Americans and Pittsburgh Pirates

Although the Pirates had dominated their league for the previous three years, they went into the series riddled with injuries and plagued by bizarre misfortunes. Otto Krueger, the team's only utility player, was beaned on September 19 and never fully played in the series. 16-game winner Ed Doheny left the team three days later, exhibiting signs of paranoia; he was committed to an insane asylum the following month.[1]: 122  Leever had been battling an injury to his pitching arm (which he made worse by entering a trapshooting competition). Worst of all, Wagner, who had a sore thumb throughout the season, injured his right leg in September and was never 100 percent for the postseason.[1]: 122–123 

Some sources say Boston were heavy underdogs. Boston bookies actually gave even odds to the teams (and only because Dreyfuss and other "sports" were alleged to have bet on Pittsburgh to bring down the odds).[1]: 124  The teams were generally thought to be evenly matched, with the Americans credited with stronger pitching and the Pirates with superior offense and fielding. The outcome, many believed, hinged on Wagner's health. "If Wagner does not play, bet your money at two to one on Boston", said the Sporting News, "but if he does play, place your money at two to one on Pittsburg."[1]: quoted in p. 124 

Summary

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AL Boston Americans (5) vs. NL Pittsburgh Pirates (3)

Game Date Score Location Time Attendance 
1 October 1 Pittsburgh Pirates – 7, Boston Americans – 3 Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds 1:55 16,242[4] 
2 October 2 Pittsburgh Pirates – 0, Boston Americans – 3 Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds 1:47 9,415[5] 
3 October 3 Pittsburgh Pirates – 4, Boston Americans – 2 Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds 1:50 18,801[6] 
4 October 6 Boston Americans – 4, Pittsburgh Pirates – 5 Exposition Park (III) 1:30 7,600[7] 
5 October 7 Boston Americans – 11, Pittsburgh Pirates – 2 Exposition Park (III) 2:00 12,322[8] 
6 October 8 Boston Americans – 6, Pittsburgh Pirates – 3 Exposition Park (III) 2:02 11,556[9] 
7 October 10 Boston Americans – 7, Pittsburgh Pirates – 3 Exposition Park (III) 1:45 17,038[10] 
8 October 13 Pittsburgh Pirates – 0, Boston Americans – 3 Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds 1:35 7,455[11]

Matchups

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Game 1

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Jimmy Sebring hit the first home run in World Series history, an inside-the-park home run in Game 1.
Thursday, October 1, 1903, at Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds in Boston, Massachusetts
Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 R H E
Pittsburgh 4 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 7 12 2
Boston 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 3 6 4
WP: Deacon Phillippe (1–0)   LP: Cy Young (0–1)
Home runs:
PIT: Jimmy Sebring (1)
BOS: None
Boxscore

The Pirates started Game 1 strong, scoring six runs in the first four innings, and held on to win the first World Series game in modern baseball history. They extended their lead to 7–0 on an inside-the-park home run by Jimmy Sebring in the seventh, the first home run in World Series history. Boston scored a few runs in the last three innings, but it was too little, too late; they ended up losing 7–3 in the first ever World Series game. Both Phillippe and Young threw complete games, with Phillippe striking out ten and Young fanning five, but Young also gave up twice as many hits and allowed three earned runs to Phillippe's two.

Game 2

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In Game 2, Patsy Dougherty hit the first over-the-fence home run in World Series history.
Friday, October 2, 1903, at Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds in Boston, Massachusetts
Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 R H E
Pittsburgh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2
Boston 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 X 3 8 0
WP: Bill Dinneen (1–0)   LP: Sam Leever (0–1)
Home runs:
PIT: None
BOS: Patsy Dougherty 2 (2)
Boxscore

After starting out strong in Game 1, the Pirates simply shut down offensively, eking out a mere three hits, all singles. Pittsburgh starter Sam Leever went 1 inning and gave up three hits and two runs, before his ailing arm forced him to leave in favor of Bucky Veil, who finished the game. Bill Dinneen struck out 11 and pitched a complete game for the Americans, while Patsy Dougherty hit home runs in the first and sixth innings for two of the Boston's three runs. The Americans' Patsy Dougherty led off the Boston scoring with an inside-the-park home run, the first time a lead-off batter did just that until Alcides Escobar of the Kansas City Royals duplicated the feat in the 2015 World Series, 112 years later. Dougherty's second home run was the first in World Series history to actually sail over the fence, an incredibly rare feat at the time.

Game 3

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Members of the Boston Police Department at Huntington Avenue Grounds during the series
Saturday, October 3, 1903, at Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds in Boston, Massachusetts
Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 R H E
Pittsburgh 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 7 1
Boston 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 4 2
WP: Deacon Phillippe (2–0)   LP: Tom Hughes (0–1)
Boxscore

Phillippe, pitching after only a single day of rest, started Game 3 for the Pirates and didn't let them down, hurling his second complete-game victory of the Series to put Pittsburgh up two games to one.

Game 4

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Game 4 at Exposition Park
Tuesday, October 6, 1903, at Exposition Park (III) in Allegheny, Pennsylvania
Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 R H E
Boston 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 4 9 1
Pittsburgh 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 X 5 12 1
WP: Deacon Phillippe (3–0)   LP: Bill Dinneen (1–1)
Boxscore

After two days of rest, Phillippe was ready to pitch a second straight game. He threw his third complete-game victory of the series against Bill Dinneen, who was making his second start of the series. But Phillippe's second straight win was almost not to be, as the Americans, down 5–1 in the top of the ninth, rallied to narrow the deficit to one run. The comeback attempt failed, as Phillippe managed to put an end to it and give the Pirates a commanding 3–1 series lead.

Game 5

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Game 5 winning pitcher Cy Young
Wednesday, October 7, 1903, at Exposition Park (III) in Allegheny, Pennsylvania
Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 R H E
Boston 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 1 0 11 13 2
Pittsburgh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 6 4
WP: Cy Young (1–1)   LP: Brickyard Kennedy (0–1)
Boxscore

Game 5 was a pitcher's duel for the first five innings, with Boston's Cy Young and Pittsburgh's Brickyard Kennedy giving up no runs. That changed in the top of the sixth, however, when the Americans scored a then-record six runs before being retired. Young, on the other hand, managed to keep his shutout intact before finally giving up a pair of runs in the bottom of the eighth. He went the distance and struck out four for his first World Series win.

Game 6

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Game 6 winning pitcher Bill Dinneen
Thursday, October 8, 1903, at Exposition Park (III) in Allegheny, Pennsylvania
Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 R H E
Boston 0 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 6 10 1
Pittsburgh 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 10 3
WP: Bill Dinneen (2–1)   LP: Sam Leever (0–2)
Boxscore

Game 6 was a rematch between the starters of Game 2, Boston's Dinneen and Pittsburgh's Leever. Leever pitched a complete game this time but so did Dinneen, who outmatched him to earn his second complete-game victory of the series. After losing three of the first four games of the World Series, the underdog Americans had tied the series at three games apiece.

Game 7

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Souvenir card of the "World's Championship Games"
Saturday, October 10, 1903, at Exposition Park (III) in Allegheny, Pennsylvania
Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 R H E
Boston 2 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 7 11 4
Pittsburgh 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 3 10 3
WP: Cy Young (2–1)   LP: Deacon Phillippe (3–1)
Boxscore

The fourth and final game in Allegheny saw Phillippe start his fourth game of the Series for the Pirates. This time, however, he did not fare as well as he did in his first three starts. Cy Young, in his third start of the Series, held the Pirates to three runs and put the Americans ahead for the first time as the Series moved back to Boston.

Game 8

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Tuesday, October 13, 1903, at Huntington Avenue Baseball Grounds in Boston, Massachusetts
Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 R H E
Pittsburgh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3
Boston 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 X 3 8 0
WP: Bill Dinneen (3–1)   LP: Deacon Phillippe (3–2)
Boxscore

The final game of this inaugural World Series started out as an intense pitcher's duel, scoreless until the bottom of the fourth when Hobe Ferris hit a two-run single. Phillippe started his fifth and final game of the series and Dinneen his fourth. As he did in Game 2, Dinneen threw a complete-game shutout, striking out seven and leading his Americans to victory, while Phillippe pitched respectably but could not match Dinneen because his arm had been worn out with five starts in the eight games, giving up three runs to give the first 20th-century World Championship to the Boston Americans, Honus Wagner striking out to end the Series.

Composite line score

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1903 World Series (5–3): Boston Americans (A.L.) over Pittsburgh Pirates (N.L.)

Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 R H E
Boston Americans 4 0 3 5 3 10 7 3 4 39 69 14
Pittsburgh Pirates 5 1 3 2 1 1 7 3 1 24 64 19
Total attendance: 100,429   Average attendance: 12,554
Winning player's share: $1,182   Losing player's share: $1,316[12]

Series Statistics

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Boston Americans

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Batting

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Note: GP=Games Played; AB=At Bats; R=Runs; H=Hits; 2B=Doubles; 3B=Triples; HR=Home Runs; RBI=Runs Batted In; BB=Walks; AVG=Batting Average; OBP=On Base Percentage; SLG=Slugging Percentage

Player GP AB R H 2B 3B HR RBI BB AVG OBP SLG Reference
Jimmy Collins 8 36 5 9 1 2 0 1 1 .250 .270 .389 [13]
Lou Criger 8 26 1 6 0 0 0 4 2 .231 .286 .231 [14]
Bill Dinneen 4 12 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 .167 .231 .167 [15]
Patsy Dougherty 8 34 3 8 0 2 2 5 2 .235 .297 .529 [16]
Duke Farrell 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .000 .000 .000 [17]
Hobe Ferris 8 31 3 9 0 1 0 5 0 .290 .313 .355 [18]
Buck Freeman 8 32 6 9 0 3 0 4 2 .281 .324 .469 [19]
Long Tom Hughes 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 [20]
Candy LaChance 8 27 5 6 2 1 0 4 3 .222 .300 .370 [21]
Jack O'Brien 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 [22]
Freddy Parent 8 32 8 9 0 3 0 4 1 .281 .324 .469 [23]
Chick Stahl 8 33 6 10 1 3 0 3 1 .303 .324 .515 [24]
Cy Young 4 15 1 1 0 1 0 3 0 .067 .067 .200 [25]

Pitching

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Note: G=Games Played; GS=Games Started; ERA=Earned Run Average; W=Wins; L=Losses; SV=Saves; IP=Innings Pitched; H=Hits; R=Runs; ER= Earned Runs; BB=Walks; SO= Strikeouts

Player G GS ERA W L SV IP H R ER BB SO Reference
Bill Dinneen 4 4 2.06 3 1 0 35.0 29 8 8 8 28 [26]
Tom Hughes 1 1 9.00 0 1 0 2.0 4 3 2 2 0 [27]
Cy Young 4 3 1.85 2 1 0 34.0 31 13 7 4 17 [28]

Pittsburgh Pirates

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Batting

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Note: GP=Games Played; AB=At Bats; R=Runs; H=Hits; 2B=Doubles; 3B=Triples; HR=Home Runs; RBI=Runs Batted In; BB=Walks; AVG=Batting Average; OBP=On Base Percentage; SLG=Slugging Percentage

Player GP AB R H 2B 3B HR RBI BB AVG OBP SLG Reference
Ginger Beaumont 8 34 6 9 0 1 0 2 2 .265 .306 .324 [29]
Kitty Bransfield 8 29 3 6 0 2 0 1 1 .207 .233 .345 [30]
Fred Clarke 8 34 3 9 2 1 0 0 1 .265 .286 .382 [31]
Brickyard Kennedy 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 .500 .500 1.000 [32]
Tommy Leach 8 33 3 9 0 4 0 8 1 .273 .294 .515 [33]
Sam Leever 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 [34]
Ed Phelps 8 26 1 6 2 0 0 1 1 .231 .259 .308 [35]
Deacon Phillippe 5 18 1 4 0 0 0 1 0 .222 .222 .222 [36]
Claude Ritchey 8 27 2 4 1 0 0 2 4 .148 .258 .185 [37]
Jimmy Sebring 8 30 3 10 0 1 1 4 1 .333 .355 .500 [38]
Harry Smith 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 [39]
Gus Thompson 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 [40]
Bucky Veil 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 [41]
Honus Wagner 8 27 2 6 1 0 0 3 3 .222 .323 .259 [42]

Pitching

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Note: G=Games Played; GS=Games Started; ERA=Earned Run Average; W=Wins; L=Losses; SV=Saves; IP=Innings Pitched; H=Hits; R=Runs; ER= Earned Runs; BB=Walks; SO= Strikeouts

Player G GS ERA W L SV IP H R ER BB SO Reference
Brickyard Kennedy 1 1 5.14 0 1 0 7.0 10 10 4 3 3 [43]
Sam Leever 2 2 5.40 0 2 0 10.0 13 8 6 3 2 [44]
Deacon Phillippe 5 5 3.07 3 2 0 44.0 38 19 15 3 22 [45]
Gus Thompson 1 0 4.50 0 0 0 2.0 3 1 1 0 1 [46]
Bucky Veil 1 0 1.29 0 0 0 7.0 5 1 1 5 1 [47]

Notes

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  1. ^ In the early 20th century and earlier, the name of Pittsburgh was spelled with and without the 'h'.
  2. ^ From 1882 to 1906, the team played in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, which was annexed by Pittsburgh as the North Side in 1907.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k DeValeria, Dennis; Burke, Jeanne, eds. (1995). Honus Wagner: A Biography. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
  2. ^ Forker, Dom; Stewart, Wayne; Pellowski, Michael J (2004). Baffling Baseball Trivia. Sterling Publishing Company. ISBN 1-4027-1338-X. OCLC 53374829.
  3. ^ "World Series: Every World Series in Major League Baseball History". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  4. ^ "1903 World Series Game 1 – Pittsburgh Pirates vs. Boston Americans". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
  5. ^ "1903 World Series Game 2 – Pittsburgh Pirates vs. Boston Americans". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
  6. ^ "1903 World Series Game 3 – Pittsburgh Pirates vs. Boston Americans". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
  7. ^ "1903 World Series Game 4 – Boston Americans vs. Pittsburgh Pirates". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
  8. ^ "1903 World Series Game 5 – Boston Americans vs. Pittsburgh Pirates". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
  9. ^ "1903 World Series Game 6 – Boston Americans vs. Pittsburgh Pirates". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
  10. ^ "1903 World Series Game 7 – Boston Americans vs. Pittsburgh Pirates". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
  11. ^ "1903 World Series Game 8 – Pittsburgh Pirates vs. Boston Americans". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
  12. ^ "World Series Gate Receipts and Player Shares". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved June 14, 2009.
  13. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Batting Splits for Jimmy Collins". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  14. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Batting Splits for Lou Criger". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  15. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Batting Splits for Bill Dinneen". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  16. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Batting Splits for Patsy Dougherty". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  17. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Batting Splits for Duke Farrell". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  18. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Batting Splits for Hobe Ferris". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  19. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Batting Splits for Buck Freeman". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  20. ^ "Tom Hughes". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  21. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Batting Splits for Candy LaChance". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  22. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Batting Splits for Jack O'Brien". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  23. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Batting Splits for Freddy Parent". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  24. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Batting Splits for Chick Stahl". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  25. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Batting Splits for Cy Young". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  26. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Pitching Splits for Bill Dinneen". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  27. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Pitching Splits for Tom Hughes". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  28. ^ "The 1903 BOS A World Series Pitching Splits for Cy Young". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on November 1, 2023. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  29. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Ginger Beaumont". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  30. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Kitty Bransfield". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  31. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Fred Clarke". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  32. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Brickyard Kennedy". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  33. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Tommy Leach". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  34. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Sam Leever". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on May 26, 2023. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  35. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Ed Phelps". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  36. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Deacon Phillippe". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  37. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Claude Ritchey". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  38. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Jimmy Sebring". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  39. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Harry Smith". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  40. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Gus Thompson". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  41. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Bucky Veil". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  42. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Batting Splits for Honus Wagner". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on March 21, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  43. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Pitching Splits for Brickyard Kennedy". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  44. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Pitching Splits for Sam Leever". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  45. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Pitching Splits for Deacon Phillippe". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  46. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Pitching Splits for Gus Thompson". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  47. ^ "The 1903 PIT N World Series Pitching Splits for Bucky Veil". Retrosheet. Archived from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2024.

Further reading

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