1923 Chinese presidential election
The 1923 Chinese presidential election was the election held on 5 October 1923 in Beijing for the third term of the President of China. Zhili warlord Cao Kun won the election through bribery.
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The capital was under control of the Zhili Clique after the Zhili–Anhui War. In 1922 the Zhili warlords Wu Peifu and Cao Kun restored the "old" parliament elected in 1912. Cao bribed the congressmen to elect him President, personally paying members 5,000 yuan each starting on the 1st of October. This was done in the name of payment of arrears, as members had not been paid regularly for some time. On October 3, Representative Shao Ruipeng of Zhejiang Province took photos of the checks given to members and reported it to the Beijing prosecutor's office.[1] On October 5, Cao received a large majority of the votes cast. There were 12 spoiled ballots, such as one for bandit Sun Meiyao, who was responsible for the Lincheng Outrage. There was also a ballot cast for "5,000 yuan".[2]
The bribery scandal led to the collapse of Cao's presidency and dismissal of the parliament on 24 November 1924,[3] after the Cao's defeat in the Second Zhili–Fengtian War in 1924, and the Nationalist government would ultimately take power.
This was the last presidential election to be held in China until 1948, in the midst of the final stages of the Chinese Civil War.
Results
editPresident
edit| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cao Kun | Zhili clique | 480 | 83.04 | |
| Sun Yat-sen | Kuomintang | 33 | 5.71 | |
| Tang Jiyao | Yunnan clique | 20 | 3.46 | |
| Cen Chunxuan | Kuomintang | 8 | 1.38 | |
| Duan Qirui | Anhui clique | 7 | 1.21 | |
| Wu Peifu | Zhili clique | 5 | 0.87 | |
| Other candidates | 25 | 4.33 | ||
| Total | 578 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 578 | 97.97 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 12 | 2.03 | ||
| Total votes | 590 | 100.00 | ||
See also
editCitations
edit- ^ "杨天宏：曹锟"贿选"控告的法律证据研究-近代中国研究". 2014-11-29. Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
- ^ "丁中江-->北洋軍閥史話-->二○七、曹錕賄選". www.millionbook.net. Retrieved 2020-06-08.
- ^ Gao, James Z. (2009). Historical Dictionary of Modern China (1800–1949). Scarecrow Press. p. 120.
References
edit- 中央選舉委員會，中華民國選舉史，台北：中央選舉委員會印行，1987年