1976 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations

During the parade of nations section of the 1976 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, athletes from each country participating in the Olympics paraded in the arena, preceded by their flag. The flag was borne by a sportsperson from his or her respective country chosen either by the National Olympic Committee or by the athletes themselves to represent their country.

Parade order

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As the nation of the first modern Olympic Games, Greece entered the stadium first; whereas, the host nation Canada marched last, in accordance with the tradition and IOC guidelines. As each delegation entered accompanied by the music to be composed by Vic Vogel, the national name was announced in French and English (the official languages of the Olympics).[1][2]

Whilst most countries entered under their short names, a few entered under acronyms or alternative names, mostly due to political and naming disputes. West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) entered as Allemagne (République Federal de Allemagne), East Germany (German Democratic Republic) as République Démocratique Allemande, North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) as R.P.D. Corée (République Populaire Démocratique de Corée), and Soviet Union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) as U.R.S.S. (Union des Républiques Socialistes Soviétiques).

Ninety-two nations entered the stadium with a combined total of 6,084 athletes. Four of them made their Olympic debut, namely Andorra (which had its overall Olympic debut a few months before in Innsbruck), Antigua and Barbuda (as Antigua), Cayman Islands, and Papua New Guinea. Because of the 1976 Summer Olympics boycott, several African countries which marched at the parade eventually withdrew from the Games, including Cameroon, Morocco, and Tunisia.[3][4] Senegal and Ivory Coast were the only African countries that competed throughout the duration of the Games. Elsewhere, Burma, Iraq and Guyana also opted to join the Congolese-led boycott. Other countries, such as El Salvador and Zaire, did not participate in Montreal for purely economic reasons.[3]

List

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The following is a list of each country's announced flag bearer. The list is sorted by the order in which each nation appears in the parade of nations. The names are given in their official designations by the IOC.

This table is sortable by country name (in French), the flag bearer's name, and the flag bearer's sport.

Order Nation French Flag bearer Sport
1   Greece (GRE) Grèce Vasilios Papageorgopoulos Athletics
2   Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) Allemagne Hans Günter Winkler Equestrian
3   Andorra (AND) Andorre Esteve Dolsa Shooting
4   Antigua (ANT) Antigua Fred Sowerby Athletics
5   Netherlands Antilles (AHO) Antilles Néerlandaises Jaime Felipa Judo
6   Saudi Arabia (KSA) Arabie Saoudite Mohamed Al-Bouhairi Athletics
7   Argentina (ARG) Argentine Hugo Aberastegui Rowing
8   Australia (AUS) Australie Raelene Boyle Athletics
9   Austria (AUT) Autriche Günther Pfaff Canoeing
10   Bahamas (BAH) Bahamas Mike Sands Athletics
11   Barbados (BAR) Barbade Lorna Forde Athletics
12   Belgium (BEL) Belgique Gaston Roelants Athletics
13   Belize (BIZ) Belize John Waight Shooting
14   Bermuda (BER) Bermudes Clark Godwin Athletics
15   Bolivia (BOL) Bolivie Marco Soria Cycling
16   Brazil (BRA) Brésil João Carlos de Oliveira Athletics
17   Bulgaria (BUL) Bulgarie Aleksandar Tomov Wrestling
18   Cameroon (CMR)[c] Cameroun Nicolas Owona Cycling
19   Cayman Islands (CAY) Îles Caïmans Peter Milburn Sailing
20   Chile (CHI) Chili Juan Inostroza Fencing
21   Colombia (COL) Colombie Helmut Bellingrodt Shooting
22   Republic of Korea (KOR) Corée Yoo Jae-kwon Wrestling
23   Costa Rica (CRC) Costa Rica María París Swimming
24   Ivory Coast (CIV) Côte d'Ivoire Jacques Ayé Abehi Athletics
25   Cuba (CUB) Cuba Teófilo Stevenson Boxing
26   Denmark (DEN) Danemark Judith Andersen Rowing
27   Dominican Republic (DOM) République Dominicaine Eleoncio Mercedes Boxing
28   Ecuador (ECU) Équateur Nelson Suárez Diving
29   Spain (ESP) Espagne Enrique Rodríguez Boxing
30   United States of America (USA) États-Unis de Amerique Gary Hall, Sr. Swimming
31   Fiji (FIJ) Fidji Miriama Tuisorisori-Chambault Athletics
32   Finland (FIN) Finlande Lasse Virén Athletics
33   France (FRA) France Daniel Morelon Cycling
34   Great Britain (GBR) Grande Bretagne Rodney Pattisson Sailing
35   Guatemala (GUA) Guatémala Edgar Tornez Weightlifting
36   Guyana (GUY)[c] Guyana Kenny Bristol Boxing
37   Haiti (HAI) Haiti Emmanuel Saint-Hilaire Athletics
38   Honduras (HON) Honduras Santiago Fonseca Athletics
39   Hong Kong (HKG) Hong Kong Tso Hok Young Shooting
40   Hungary (HUN) Hongrie Jenő Kamuti Fencing
41   India (IND) Inde Ajitpal Singh Field hockey
42   Indonesia (INA) Indonésie Syamsul Anwar Harahap Boxing
43   Iran (IRI) Iran Moslem Eskandar-Filabi Wrestling
44   Ireland (IRL) Irlande Frank Moore Rowing
45   Iceland (ISL) Islande Óskar Jakobsson Athletics
46   Israel (ISR) Israël Esther Roth-Shahamorov Athletics
47   Italy (ITA) Italie Klaus Dibiasi Diving
48   Jamaica (JAM) Jamaïque Don Quarrie Athletics
49   Japan (JPN) Japon Katsutoshi Nekoda Volleyball
50   Kuwait (KUW) Koweït Abdul Nasser Al-Sayegh Fencing
51   Lebanon (LIB) Liban Toni Khouri Official
52   Liechtenstein (LIE) Liechtenstein Paul Büchel Judo
53   Luxembourg (LUX) Luxembourg Robert Schiel Fencing
54   Malaysia (MAS) Malaisie Ishtiaq Mubarak Athletics
55   Mali (MLI)[c] Mali
56   Morocco (MAR)[c] Maroc Abdel Latif Fatihi Boxing
57   Mexico (MEX) Mexique Teresa Díaz Gymnastics
58   Monaco (MON) Monaco Francis Boisson Shooting (official)
59   Mongolia (MGL) Mongolie Zevegiin Oidov Wrestling
60   Nepal (NEP) Népal Baikuntha Manandhar Athletics
61   Nicaragua (NCA) Nicaragua Frank Richardson Swimming
62   Norway (NOR) Norvège Leif Jenssen Weightlifting
63   Papua New Guinea (PNG) Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée Wavala Kali Athletics
64   New Zealand (NZL) Nouvelle-Zélande David Aspin Wrestling
65   Pakistan (PAK) Pakistan Abdul Rashid Field hockey
66   Panama (PAN) Panamá Georgina Osorio Swimming
67   Paraguay (PAR) Paraguay Julio Abreu Swimming
68   Netherlands (NED) Pays-Bas André Bolhuis Field hockey
69   Peru (PER) Pérou Teresa Núñez Volleyball
70   Philippines (PHI) Philippines Gerardo Rosario Swimming
71   Poland (POL) Pologne Grzegorz Śledziewski Canoeing
72   Puerto Rico (PUR) Porto Rico Téofilo Colón Athletics (non-participant)
73   Portugal (POR) Portugal Carlos Lopes Athletics
74   German Democratic Republic (GDR) République Démocratique Allemande Hans-Georg Reimann Athletics
75   Democratic People's Republic of Korea (PRK) R.P.D. Corée[a] Kim Man-dok Official
76   Romania (ROM) Roumanie Nicolae Martinescu Wrestling
77   San Marino (SMR) Saint-Marin Italo Casali Shooting
78   Senegal (SEN) Senegal Samba Dièye Athletics
79   Singapore (SIN) Singapour Koh Eng Kian Judo
80   Sweden (SWE) Suède Jan Karlsson Wrestling
81   Switzerland (SUI) Suisse Christian Kauter Fencing
82   Suriname (SUR) Suriname Ricardo Elmont Judo
83   Swaziland (SWZ)[c] Swaziland Jonathan Magagula Boxing
84   Czechoslovakia (TCH) Tchécoslovaquie Ludvík Daněk Athletics
85   Thailand (THA) Thaïlande Anat Ratanapol Athletics
86   Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) Trinidad-Tobago Hasely Crawford Athletics
87   Tunisia (TUN)[c] Tunisie Mohammed Gammoudi Athletics
88   Turkey (TUR) Turquie Erol Küçükbakırcı Cycling
89   Soviet Union (URS) U.R.S.S.[b] Vasily Alekseyev Weightlifting
90   Uruguay (URU) Uruguay Reinaldo Kutscher Rowing
91   Venezuela (VEN) Venezuela Manuel Luna Judo
92   Virgin Islands (ISV) Îles Vierges Ivan David Wrestling
93   Yugoslavia (YUG) Yougoslavie Hrvoje Horvat Handball
94   Canada (CAN) Canada Abby Hoffman Athletics
Notes
  • a République Populaire Démocratique de Corée
  • b Union des Républiques Socialistes Soviétiques
  • c Withdrew after the opening ceremony

References

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  1. ^ Montreal 1976 – Parade of the athletes (YouTube). CM1. 9 August 2021.
  2. ^ "Technical Manual on Ceremonies" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. November 2005. p. 40. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  3. ^ a b "Africa and the XXI Olympiad". Olympic Review. IOC. 1976. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 30, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2006.
  4. ^ "1976: African countries boycott Olympics". London: BBC News. July 17, 1976. Retrieved October 21, 2008.