The Sukma Games (Malay: Sukan Malaysia, lit.: Malaysian Games) is a biennial national multi-sport event involving young athletes from Malaysia's 13 states and 3 Federal Territories. The games are regulated by the National Sports Council of Malaysia, the state sports council of the respective member states, the Olympic Council of Malaysia and the National Sports association of the games respective sporting event. The logo was designed by Anuar bin Dan in 1986.[1][2][3]
First event | 1986 Sukma Games in Kuala Lumpur |
---|---|
Occur every | Two years |
Last event | 2024 Sukma Games in Sarawak |
Purpose | Multi-sport event for states in Malaysia |
Website | National Sports Council of Malaysia |
Participating teams
editNotes:
- ^ Not from within Malaysia, only compete at the Sukma Games.
- ^ Kuala Lumpur and Labuan participate as a combined Federal Territories team since 2006 Sukma Games, but are still competing separately at the Para Sukma Games.
Former participating teams
edit- Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM/MAF)
- Malaysian University Sports Council (MASUM)
- Malaysian School Sports Council (MSSM)
- Northern Territory 1
- Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM/RMP)
Notes:
- ^ Not from within Malaysia.
Sports
editThe list below shows the sports that are played at all the Sukma Games since 1986.[5][6]
Core sports
editOptional sports
editAll-time medal table
editBelow shows the all time medal table of Sukma Games from 1986 to 2018. Defunct teams are highlighted in italics.
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Selangor | 800 | 786 | 887 | 2,473 |
2 | Sarawak | 711 | 649 | 705 | 2,065 |
3 | Perak | 443 | 467 | 616 | 1,526 |
4 | Terengganu | 438 | 446 | 573 | 1,457 |
5 | Pahang | 416 | 391 | 439 | 1,246 |
6 | Penang | 415 | 425 | 551 | 1,391 |
7 | Johor | 353 | 373 | 506 | 1,232 |
8 | Sabah | 310 | 367 | 488 | 1,165 |
9 | Federal Territory | 303 | 316 | 387 | 1,006 |
10 | Kuala Lumpur | 274 | 276 | 279 | 829 |
11 | Kedah | 273 | 252 | 367 | 892 |
12 | Negeri Sembilan | 241 | 242 | 346 | 829 |
13 | Malacca | 210 | 211 | 278 | 699 |
14 | Kelantan | 139 | 150 | 193 | 482 |
15 | Perlis | 67 | 71 | 153 | 291 |
16 | Police | 31 | 36 | 45 | 112 |
17 | Universities | 17 | 17 | 15 | 49 |
18 | Armed Forces | 12 | 27 | 39 | 78 |
19 | Brunei | 5 | 15 | 33 | 53 |
20 | Labuan | 2 | 2 | 10 | 14 |
21 | Schools | 2 | 2 | 9 | 13 |
22 | Northern Territory | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
Totals (22 entries) | 5,463 | 5,521 | 6,920 | 17,904 |
Medal table by edition
edit1986 Sukma Games
edit* Host nation ( Kuala Lumpur)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Kuala Lumpur* | 36 | 32 | 22 | 90 |
2 | Selangor | 23 | 14 | 14 | 51 |
3 | Sarawak | 13 | 8 | 14 | 35 |
4 | Perak | 10 | 15 | 17 | 42 |
5 | Penang | 9 | 20 | 21 | 50 |
6 | Sabah | 9 | 8 | 8 | 25 |
7 | Police | 9 | 4 | 7 | 20 |
8 | Johor | 6 | 5 | 6 | 17 |
9 | Kedah | 5 | 5 | 11 | 21 |
10 | Armed Forces | 2 | 8 | 11 | 21 |
11 | Malacca | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 |
12 | Terengganu | 2 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
13 | Pahang | 1 | 4 | 6 | 11 |
14 | Negeri Sembilan | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
15 | Kelantan | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
16 | Perlis | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
17 | Universities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Totals (17 entries) | 127 | 127 | 152 | 406 |
1988 Sukma Games
edit* Host nation ( Kuala Lumpur)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Selangor | 26 | 17 | 29 | 72 |
2 | Sarawak | 24 | 18 | 15 | 57 |
3 | Penang | 19 | 14 | 15 | 48 |
4 | Kuala Lumpur* | 12 | 12 | 22 | 46 |
5 | Negeri Sembilan | 10 | 6 | 5 | 21 |
6 | Johor | 9 | 3 | 9 | 21 |
7 | Kedah | 6 | 6 | 8 | 20 |
8 | Police | 6 | 3 | 5 | 14 |
9 | Malacca | 5 | 7 | 4 | 16 |
10 | Sabah | 4 | 12 | 8 | 24 |
11 | Universities | 4 | 4 | 8 | 16 |
12 | Perak | 3 | 20 | 21 | 44 |
13 | Terengganu | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
14 | Kelantan | 1 | 3 | 7 | 11 |
15 | Pahang | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 |
16 | Perlis | 1 | 0 | 5 | 6 |
17 | Armed Forces | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Totals (17 entries) | 133 | 129 | 171 | 433 |
1990 Sukma Games
edit* Host nation (Sarawak)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sarawak* | 44 | 17 | 18 | 79 |
2 | Kuala Lumpur | 19 | 20 | 18 | 57 |
3 | Penang | 17 | 22 | 24 | 63 |
4 | Perak | 12 | 16 | 22 | 50 |
5 | Selangor | 11 | 18 | 34 | 63 |
6 | Negeri Sembilan | 7 | 4 | 4 | 15 |
7 | Sabah | 5 | 4 | 10 | 19 |
8 | Malacca | 4 | 6 | 6 | 16 |
9 | Police | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 |
Terengganu | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 | |
11 | Kedah | 2 | 7 | 6 | 15 |
12 | Johor | 2 | 5 | 12 | 19 |
13 | Kelantan | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
14 | Perlis | 1 | 0 | 7 | 8 |
15 | Pahang | 0 | 2 | 5 | 7 |
16 | Universities | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
17 | Armed Forces | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Totals (17 entries) | 134 | 134 | 176 | 444 |
1992 Sukma Games
edit* Host nation (Johor)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sarawak | 36 | 27 | 26 | 89 |
2 | Johor* | 26 | 21 | 22 | 69 |
3 | Selangor | 23 | 25 | 41 | 89 |
4 | Penang | 22 | 28 | 22 | 72 |
5 | Kuala Lumpur | 22 | 23 | 32 | 77 |
6 | Perak | 18 | 10 | 21 | 49 |
7 | Sabah | 9 | 16 | 13 | 38 |
8 | Malacca | 7 | 6 | 12 | 25 |
9 | Kedah | 6 | 7 | 8 | 21 |
10 | Negeri Sembilan | 6 | 5 | 3 | 14 |
11 | Armed Forces | 5 | 5 | 18 | 28 |
12 | Pahang | 5 | 5 | 8 | 18 |
13 | Universities | 4 | 5 | 2 | 11 |
14 | Kelantan | 3 | 9 | 12 | 24 |
15 | Terengganu | 3 | 4 | 10 | 17 |
16 | Police | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 |
17 | Perlis | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Totals (17 entries) | 199 | 197 | 255 | 651 |
1994 Sukma Games
edit* Host nation (Perak)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sarawak | 39 | 28 | 30 | 97 |
2 | Kuala Lumpur | 31 | 39 | 26 | 96 |
3 | Selangor | 28 | 41 | 33 | 102 |
4 | Perak* | 26 | 26 | 25 | 77 |
5 | Pahang | 21 | 16 | 20 | 57 |
6 | Sabah | 19 | 14 | 14 | 47 |
7 | Johor | 17 | 13 | 22 | 52 |
8 | Penang | 13 | 12 | 24 | 49 |
9 | Kedah | 8 | 5 | 20 | 33 |
10 | Kelantan | 6 | 6 | 10 | 22 |
11 | Armed Forces | 5 | 12 | 7 | 24 |
12 | Terengganu | 5 | 3 | 7 | 15 |
13 | Negeri Sembilan | 4 | 2 | 4 | 10 |
14 | Malacca | 4 | 1 | 10 | 15 |
15 | Police | 3 | 8 | 2 | 13 |
16 | Perlis | 1 | 0 | 8 | 9 |
17 | Universities | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Totals (17 entries) | 230 | 228 | 263 | 721 |
1996 Sukma Games
edit* Host nation (Pahang*)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Selangor | 57 | 43 | 44 | 144 |
2 | Sarawak | 56 | 49 | 52 | 157 |
3 | Pahang** | 37 | 42 | 44 | 123 |
4 | Kuala Lumpur | 34 | 27 | 32 | 93 |
5 | Perak | 22 | 25 | 28 | 75 |
6 | Sabah | 20 | 19 | 22 | 61 |
7 | Terengganu | 8 | 16 | 15 | 39 |
8 | Kelantan | 8 | 11 | 11 | 30 |
9 | Kedah | 8 | 6 | 18 | 32 |
10 | Negeri Sembilan | 6 | 4 | 10 | 20 |
11 | Penang | 5 | 10 | 10 | 25 |
12 | Malacca | 5 | 9 | 11 | 25 |
13 | Universities | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
14 | Johor | 2 | 7 | 17 | 26 |
15 | Perlis | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 |
16 | Police | 1 | 3 | 8 | 12 |
17 | Brunei | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
18 | Schools | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
19 | Labuan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Totals (19 entries) | 277 | 274 | 328 | 879 |
1998 Sukma Games
edit* Host nation (Selangor)
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Selangor* | 80 | 61 | 41 | 182 |
2 | Sarawak | 46 | 45 | 41 | 132 |
3 | Perak | 25 | 25 | 37 | 87 |
4 | Kuala Lumpur | 23 | 25 | 26 | 74 |
5 | Pahang | 21 | 29 | 36 | 86 |
6 | Penang | 12 | 5 | 23 | 40 |
7 | Terengganu | 11 | 14 | 15 | 40 |
8 | Sabah | 11 | 10 | 12 | 33 |
9 | Kelantan | 11 | 9 | 10 | 30 |
10 | Kedah | 8 | 13 | 15 | 36 |
11 | Johor | 7 | 7 | 16 | 30 |
12 | Negeri Sembilan | 4 | 8 | 13 | 25 |
13 | Malacca | 4 | 8 | 11 | 23 |
14 | Perlis | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
15 | Labuan | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Schools | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
Totals (16 entries) | 264 | 261 | 303 | 828 |
2000 Sukma Games
edit* Host nation (Host state (Penang))
Rank | State | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Selangor | 53 | 56 | 54 | 163 |
2 | Sarawak | 49 | 55 | 56 | 160 |
3 | Perak | 46 | 37 | 40 | 123 |
4 | Penang* | 34 | 26 | 36 | 96 |
5 | Kuala Lumpur | 33 | 32 | 30 | 95 |
6 | Pahang | 27 | 26 | 35 | 88 |
7 | Johor | 20 | 17 | 31 | 68 |
8 | Kedah | 17 | 15 | 21 | 53 |
9 | Sabah | 12 | 11 | 18 | 41 |
10 | Negeri Sembilan | 12 | 10 | 13 | 35 |
11 | Kelantan | 8 | 12 | 15 | 35 |
12 | Malacca | 7 | 10 | 14 | 31 |
13 | Terengganu | 6 | 4 | 8 | 18 |
14 | Perlis | 4 | 5 | 5 | 14 |
15 | Universities | 3 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
16 | Schools | 1 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
17 | Brunei | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 |
Police | 0 | 1 | 3 | 4 | |
19 | Labuan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Totals (19 entries) | 332 | 322 | 387 | 1,041 |
List of SUKMA Edition
editEdition | Year | Host | Main Stadium | Start Date | End Date | Sports | Events | Teams | Competitors | Top state | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | 1986 | Kuala Lumpur | Stadium Merdeka | 19 April | 26 April | 16 | 123 | 16 | 3849 | Kuala Lumpur | |
II | 1988 | 12 November | 19 November | 17 | 133 | 17 | 4214 | Selangor | |||
III | 1990 | Sarawak | Sarawak State Stadium, Kuching | 18 July | 27 July | 15 | 134 | 17 | 2849 | Sarawak | |
IV | 1992 | Johor | Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium, Johor Bahru | 1 July | 11 July | 22 | 199 | 17 | 5206 | Sarawak | |
V | 1994 | Perak | Perak Stadium, Ipoh | 9 June | 18 June | 24 | 264 | 17 | 3956 | Sarawak | |
VI | 1996 | Pahang | Darul Makmur Stadium, Kuantan | 1 June | 10 June | 25 | 277 | 19 | 5206 | Selangor | |
VII | 1998 | Selangor | Opening ceremony Shah Alam Stadium Closing ceremony Malawati Indoor Stadium |
17 April | 26 April | 24 | 264 | 16 | 3956 | Selangor | |
VIII | 2000 | Penang | Batu Kawan Stadium, Batu Kawan | 25 May | 4 June | 29 | 332 | 19 | 5875 | Selangor[11] | |
IX | 2002 | Sabah | Likas Stadium, Kota Kinabalu | 7 September | 14 September | 27 | 347 | 20 | 5324 | Selangor | |
X | 2004 | Negeri Sembilan | Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium, Seremban | 29 May | 6 June | 30 | 17 | 6000 | Selangor | ||
XI | 2006 | Kedah | Darul Aman Stadium, Alor Star | 28 May | 4 June | 26 | 349 | 16 | 4882 | Selangor | |
XII | 2008 | Terengganu | Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Stadium, Kuala Terengganu | 31 May | 9 June | 31 | 404 | 15 | 6000 | Terengganu | |
XIII | 2010 | Malacca | Hang Jebat Stadium, Paya Rumput | 10 June | 19 June | 33 | 418 | 15 | 7000 | Terengganu | |
XIV | 2011 | Kuala Lumpur | KLFA Stadium, Kuala Lumpur | 2 June | 12 June | 24 | 129 | 14 | 3368 | Terengganu | |
XV | 2012 | Pahang | Darul Makmur Stadium, Kuantan | 9 July | 16 July | 24 | 393 | 15 | 5828 | Terengganu | |
XVI | 2013 | Kuala Lumpur | NSC Mini Stadium, KL Sports City, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur | 28 June | 7 July | 23 | 130 | 14 | 3618 | Selangor | |
XVII | 2014 | Perlis | Tuanku Syed Putra Stadium, Kangar | 24 May | 4 June | 24 | 389 | 15 | 7815 | Federal Territory | |
XVIII | 2016 | Sarawak | Sarawak Stadium, Kuching | 23 July | 31 July | 24 | 382 | 15 | 5670 | Selangor | |
XIX | 2018 | Perak[12] | Perak Stadium, Ipoh | 11 September | 22 September | 29 | 427 | 15 | 7464 | Terengganu | |
XX | 2022 | Kuala Lumpur | Dataran Gemilang, UKM, Bangi, Selangor | 16 September | 24 September | 31 | 426 | 15 | 6606 | Johor | |
XXI | 2024 | Sarawak | Opening ceremony Sarawak Stadium, Kuching Closing ceremony Unity Stadium, Kuching |
17 August | 24 August | 37 | 488 | 15 | 9927 | Sarawak | |
XXII | 2026 | Selangor | TBA | Future event | |||||||
XXIII | 2028 | Kelantan | Bukit Merbau Stadium, Pasir Puteh Kelantan (expected) | Future event | |||||||
XXIV | 2030 | MSN | Future event | ||||||||
XXV | 2032 | Sabah | Likas Stadium, Kota Kinabalu (expected) | Future event | |||||||
XXVI | 2034 | MSN | Future event |
List of the Sukma Games' Sportsman and Sportswoman
editEdition | Year | Sukma Games' Sportsman | Sukma Games' Sportswoman | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Contingent | Sport | Name | Contingent | Sport | ||
III | 1990 | Gerard Liew | Penang | Swimming | Tania Hamid Bugo | Sarawak | Swimming |
IV | 1992 | Khoo Kah Hock | MASUM | Archery | Magdaline Goh | Penang | Swimming |
Azmi Ibrahim (Most Promising Sportsman) |
Pahang | Athletics | Shalin Zulkifli (Most Promising Sportswoman) |
Selangor | Bowling | ||
V | 1994 | Azmi Ibrahim | Pahang | Athletics | Yew Chai Peng | Perak | Athletics |
VII | 1998 | Chai Song Lip | Sarawak | Athletics | Ho Hsu Ee | Kuala Lumpur | Swimming |
VIII | 2000 | Allen Ong | Perak | Swimming | Sia Wai Yen | Kuala Lumpur | Swimming |
IX | 2002 | Ng Shu Mun | Perak | Artistic gymnastics | Ngew Sin Mei | Kuala Lumpur | Athletics |
Petra Nabila Mustafa (Most Promising Sportswoman) |
Negeri Sembilan | Athletics | |||||
X | 2004 | Daniel Bego | Sarawak | Swimming | Cindy Ong | Perak | Swimming |
XI | 2006 | Zulkifli Che Rose | Sarawak | Weightlifting | Lew Yih Wey | Negeri Sembilan | Swimming |
XII | 2008 | Foo Jian Beng | Selangor | Swimming | Marellyn Liew | Sabah | Swimming |
XIII | 2010 | J. Karthik | Malacca | Athletics | Chan Kah Yan | Federal Territory | Swimming |
XIV | 2011 | Ahmad Shafie Abd Jabar | Johor | Canoeing | Jupha Somnet | Perlis | Cycling |
XV | 2012 | Abdul Mubin Rahim | Terengganu | Weightlifting | Frenceay Titus | Sabah | Weightlifting |
XVI | 2013 | Danniel Iskandar Richard | Selangor | Artistic gymnastics | Esmelda Arecia Menti Alfred Geling | Sarawak | Artistic gymnastics |
XVII | 2014 | Muhammad Irfan Shamshuddin | Negeri Sembilan | Athletics | Jelinie Empera | Sarawak | Weightlifting |
XVIII | 2016 | Khairul Hafiz Jantan | Malacca | Athletics | Nur Aqilah Yusof | Terengganu | Archery |
XIX | 2018 | Eugenius Lo Foh Soon | Sabah | Archery | Azreen Nabila Alias | Terengganu | Athletics |
XX | 2022 | Muhammad Fakhrullah Rumaize | Johor | Canoeing | Tan Rouxin | Johor | Swimming |
XXI | 2024 | Andrew Goh Zheng Yen | Selangor | Swimming | Gan Chen Jie | Negeri Sembilan | Shooting |
Para Sukma Games
editPara Sukma Games (Malay: Para Sukan Malaysia), is a multi-sport event held for Malaysian athletes with disabilities.[15][16] The games were previously known as the National Games of Malaysia For the Orthopaedically Handicapped (Malay: Sukan Kebangsaan Bagi Orang Cacat Anggota Malaysia) from 1982 until 1998 and the Paralimpiad Malaysia Games (Malay: Sukan Paralimpiad Malaysia) from 1998 until 2018 and held separately from the Sukma Games until 2010.[17][18]
Editions
editGames | Year | Host state | Sports | Contingent | Participants | Top state |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
National Games of Malaysia For the Orthopaedically Handicapped | ||||||
I | 1982 | Kuala Lumpur | 2 | 14 | 550 | |
II | 1984 | Selangor | 2 | 14 | 650 | |
III | 1986 | Penang | 2 | 14 | 750 | |
IV | 1988 | Kelantan | 2 | 15 | 828 | |
V | 1990 | Malacca | 2 | 17 | 853 | |
VI | 1992 | Terengganu | 2 | 17 | 980 | |
VII | 1994 | Johor | 2 | 15 | 1200 | Sarawak |
VII | 1996 | Sarawak | 2 | 18 | 978 | Sarawak |
Paralimpiad Malaysia Games | ||||||
IX | 1998 | Selangor | 10 | 14 | 877 | Sarawak |
X | 2000 | Kuala Lumpur | 17 | 23 | 1239 | Sarawak |
XI | 2002 | Kuala Lumpur | 16 | 23 | 937 | Sarawak |
XII | 2004 | Kuala Lumpur | 20 | 15 | 1081 | Sarawak |
XIII | 2006 | Kuala Lumpur | 16 | 15 | 1203 | Sarawak |
XIV | 2008 | Kuala Lumpur | 16 | 15 | 1910 | Sarawak |
XV | 2010 | Malacca | 16 | 15 | 1368 | Sarawak |
XVI | 2012 | Pahang | 17 | 15 | 1900 | Sarawak |
XVII | 2014 | Perlis | 9 | 15 | Sarawak | |
XVIII | 2016 | Sarawak | 9 | 15 | 1500+[22][23] | Sarawak |
PARA SUKMA Games | ||||||
XIX | 2018 | Perak | 10 | 15 | 1968 | Sarawak |
XX | 2022 | Kuala Lumpur | 10 | 15 | 1824 | Sabah |
XXI | 2024 | Sarawak | 10 | 15 | 1994 | Sarawak |
List of the Para SUKMA Games Sportsman and Sportswoman
editEdition | Year | Para Sukma Games' Sportsman | Para Sukma Games' Sportswoman | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Contingent | Sport | Name | Contingent | Sport | ||
XXI | 2024 | Shahafiq Abdullah | Sabah | Para swimming | Loh Chi Hui | Pahang | Para archery |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Sukan Malaysia (SUKMA)" (in Malay). National Sports Council of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
- ^ "Sukma mungkin diadakan setiap tahun mulai 2011". Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- ^ "Sukma Games may be held anually [sic], starting 2011". Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- ^ "Contingent code". Archived from the original on 9 January 2007.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Magazine Sabah 2002". Archived from the original on 27 June 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Magazine Sabah 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original on 17 April 2008.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Archived National Sports Council Sukma Games Medal Tally
- ^ "Sukan Malaysia". Perak State Sport Council.
- ^ "Sukan Malaysia". Sabah State Sport Council.
- ^ "List of Champions of Sukma". Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ "Mascot SUKMA". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
- ^ "Perak, Johor tuan rumah Sukma 2018, 2020" (in Malay). Sinar Harian. 14 May 2015.
- ^ "Sukma 1992 Closed" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ "Sukma 1998 Closed" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
- ^ "Paralimpiad Malaysia". Facebook. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ "Para Sukma".
- ^ "Malaysia Paralympics Movement" (PDF).
- ^ "Paralimpiad Malaysia". Facebook.
- ^ "Sukan Malaysia". Perak State Sport Council.
- ^ "Sukan Malaysia". Sabah State Sport Council.
- ^ "List of Champions of Sukma". Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ Abdullah, Mohd Roji Kawi (6 August 2016). "Sukan Paralimpiad Malaysia XVIII bermula (Malaysian Paralympiad Games XVIII begins)". Berita Harian (BHarian Online). Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
- ^ "Sukan Paralimpiad Malaysia bakal jadi tumpuan (Malaysian Paralympiad Games will be the spotlight)". www.utusanborneo.com.my (in Malay). 4 August 2016. Archived from the original on 26 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
External links
edit- Sukma Games Archived 2 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- 2016 Sukma Games Information Site Archived 16 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Sukan Malaysia (SUKMA) - Tag Archive - PenyuSukan.com
- 1996 Sukma Games official website