2′-NH2-MPTP, also known as 2′-amino-MPTP, is a monoaminergic neurotoxin that was derived from MPTP and is used in scientific research to lesion brain monoaminergic systems in animals.[1][2] Whereas MPTP is a selective dopaminergic neurotoxin, 2′-NH2-MPTP is a specific serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotoxin that does not affect dopaminergic neurons.[1][2] 2′-NH2-MPTP is transported by the serotonin transporter (SERT) into serotonergic neurons and by the norepinephrine transporter (NET) into noradrenergic neurons, and its serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotoxicity is dependent on this transport by the SERT and NET, respectively.[3][4][5] 2′-NH2-MPTP was first described in the scientific literature by 1993.[1][6]
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| Other names | 2′-Amino-MPTP |
| Drug class | Serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotoxin |
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| Formula | C12H16N2 |
| Molar mass | 188.274 g·mol−1 |
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Kostrzewa RM (2022). "Survey of Selective Monoaminergic Neurotoxins Targeting Dopaminergic, Noradrenergic, and Serotoninergic Neurons". Handbook of Neurotoxicity. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 159–198. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15080-7_53. ISBN 978-3-031-15079-1.
- ^ a b Vidaluc JL (1996). "MPTP as a Molecular Paradigm for Neurodegeneration. A Review of its Connections with Relevant Molecules". Current Medicinal Chemistry. Bentham Science Publishers. pp. 117–138. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
Selective neurotransmitter depletion was observed with the MPTP analog 1-methyl-4-(2'-aminophenyl)-1-(2'-NH2-MPTP) leading to marked reductions (60-70%) in levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA and NA in frontal cortex and hippocampus while not affecting striatal DA. In contrast, 1-methyl-4-(2'- methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'-Me-MPTP) minimally affected 5-HT, 5-HIAA and NA, while markedly reducing (90%) striatal DA content [128].
- ^ Fox MA, Andrews AM, Wendland JR, Lesch KP, Holmes A, Murphy DL (December 2007). "A pharmacological analysis of mice with a targeted disruption of the serotonin transporter". Psychopharmacology. 195 (2): 147–166. doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0910-0. PMID 17712549.
- ^ Murphy DL, Lerner A, Rudnick G, Lesch KP (April 2004). "Serotonin transporter: gene, genetic disorders, and pharmacogenetics". Molecular Interventions. 4 (2): 109–123. doi:10.1124/mi.4.2.8. PMID 15087484.
SERT has some ability to transport other endogenous amines such as dopamine, and also is a drug transporter for agents that include fenfluramine, nonfenfluramine, substituted amphetamines (i.e., MDMA, and parachloroamphetamine), methcathinone, and the serotonin (but not dopamine) neurotoxin amino-MPTP [1-methyl-4-(2′-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine], which enters neurons via SERT to induce persistent (months-long) reductions of serotonin accompanied by neurodegenerative changes (11–14).
- ^ Andrews AM, Murphy DL (December 1993). "Fluoxetine and desipramine selectively attenuate 2'-NH2-MPTP-induced depletions in serotonin and norepinephrine". European Journal of Pharmacology. 250 (2): 215–221. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(93)90384-t. PMID 8112382.
- ^ Andrews AM, Murphy DL (March 1993). "Sustained depletion of cortical and hippocampal serotonin and norepinephrine but not striatal dopamine by 1-methyl-4-(2'-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'-NH2-MPTP): a comparative study with 2'-CH3-MPTP and MPTP". Journal of Neurochemistry. 60 (3): 1167–1170. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03271.x. PMID 8094744.
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