2,8-Dihydroxyadenine

2,8-Dihydroxyadenine is a derivative of adenine which accumulates in 2,8 dihydroxy-adenine urolithiasis. The poorly soluble purine 2,8-dihydroxyadenine is excreted in the urine because of a deficiency in the adenine salvage enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. The defect is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait; the homozygous state is associated with high urinary levels of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine and with crystalluria, calculus formation, and potential nephrotoxicity. The condition primarily presents as renal obstructive disease, but some patients have presented with advanced kidney failure. Allopurinol therapy appears to be effective. 2, 8-dihydroxyadenine formation can be easily controlled with allopurinol, which is administered in a dose of 300 mg/day in adults (10 mg/kg/day in children) in the absence of kidney failure.

2,8-Dihydroxyadenine

Names
Preferred IUPAC name 6-Amino-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione
Identifiers
CAS Number	30377-37-8 N
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:183641
ChemSpider	83302 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.045.584
MeSH	2,8-dihydroxyadenine
PubChem CID	92268
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID80184453
InChI InChI=1S/C5H5N5O2/c6-2-1-3(9-4(11)7-1)10-5(12)8-2/h(H5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12) Y Key: XFBOJHLYDJZYSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C5H5N5O2/c6-2-1-3(9-4(11)7-1)10-5(12)8-2/h(H5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12) Key: XFBOJHLYDJZYSP-UHFFFAOYAF
SMILES O=C2N/C/1=N/C(=O)N\C(=C\1N2)N
Properties
Chemical formula	C5H5N5O2
Molar mass	167.126
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

References

• Diculescu VC, Piedade JA, Oliveira-Brett AM (2007). "Electrochemical behaviour of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine at a glassy carbon electrode". Bioelectrochemistry. 70 (1): 141–6. doi:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2006.03.015. hdl:10316/5065. PMID 16713382.
• Taniguchi A, Tsuchida S, Kuno S, Mita M, Machida T, Ioritani N, Terai C, Yamanaka H, Kamatani N (2004). "Identification of two novel mutations in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene in patients with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis". Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 23 (8–9): 1141–5. doi:10.1081/NCN-200027393. PMID 15571218. S2CID 38050144.
• Wilkinson H, Samuell C, Stower M (2004). "2,8-Dihydroxyadenine renal stones in a 41-year-old man". Ann Clin Biochem. 41 (Pt 2): 160–1. doi:10.1258/000456304322880087. PMID 15025810.