General elections were held in Thailand on 23 December 2007. They were the first elections after the Council for National Security, a military junta, had overthrown Thailand's elected government and abrogated the constitution on 19 September 2006.[1] The junta had canceled general elections scheduled for October 2006 and promised new elections within 12 months. The Constitutional Tribunal then outlawed the Thai Rak Thai party, the largest political party in Thailand, and banned TRT executives from contesting in the elections for five years. After their political party had been dissolved, the former TRT members regrouped under the band of People's Power Party (PPP) led by Samak Sundaravej, a seasoned politician. Following its formation, the junta issued a classified order to suppress the activities of the PPP and to frame it for lèse majesté. The order was leaked to the public, leading to a complaint towards the Election Commission from the PPP. However, the Election Commission dismissed the complaint on the grounds that the Council for National Security (CNS) had granted itself immunity in the 2007 Constitution of Thailand.[2]
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All 480 seats in the House of Representatives 241 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 85.38% ( 20.61pp) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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The junta deployed 200,000 soldiers and police officers to maintain security and 1,500 officers to supervise after election fraud. Charnchai Silapauaychai, a popular former Democrat Party member from Phrae who switched to the PPP for the 2008 election, was assassinated. Five men, one of them cousin of a powerful Democrat Party MP were arrested, but all denied involvement.[3]
Despite being the junta's target for suppression, the PPP won 233 out of 480 parliamentary seats, close to controlling the majority in the House of Representatives. The Democrat Party came in a distant second with 165 seats, followed by Chart Thai with 37, For the Motherland with 24, Ruam Jai Thai Chat Pattana with 9, the Neutral Democratic Party with 7, and Pracharaj with 5.
Timing
editAlthough the junta initially scheduled the elections within 12 months after the September 2006 coup, Minister in the Prime Minister's Office Thirapat Serirangsan later announced that the elections might not occur until one year and five months, which would put the election in February or March 2008.[4] On the other hand, the chairman of the Constitution Drafting Council, Noranit Sethabutr, said in January that the timetable was to hold a constitutional referendum in August and elections between October and December; any problems in drafting the constitution or ratifying it through the referendum would delay the election date.[5] This timetable was later tightened even further, with elections planned by the end of September 2007. A preliminary date was set in March 2007 for the elections to be held on 16 December 2007 or 23 December 2007.[6] After the constitutional referendum, it was announced that the most likely date would be 23 December,[7] which was formally agreed upon on 27 August 2007.[8]
Electoral system
edit
With the new constitution the number of MPs was reduced to 480, with 400 elected directly by the 157 constituencies and 80 elected by proportional votes in each of the eight electoral areas. Depending on the size of the population, each constituency may have up to three MPs.[9][10]
Early voting started on 15 December 2007.[11]
The eight electoral areas were designed such that they contain equal numbers of population.
- Area 1: 11 provinces with 7,615,610 population - Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son, Phayao, Nan, Lampang, Lamphun, Phrae, Sukhothai, Tak, and Kamphaeng Phet
- Area 2: 9 provinces with 7,897,563 population - Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Phetchabun, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Chaiyaphum, Khon Kaen, Lop Buri, and Uttaradit
- Area 3: 10 provinces with 7,959,163 population - Nong Khai, Udon Thani, Loei, Nakhon Phanom, Sakon Nakhon, Nong Bua Lamphu, Kalasin, Mukdahan, Maha Sarakham, and Amnat Charoen
- Area 4: 6 provinces with 7,992,434 population - Roi Et, Yasothon, Ubon Ratchathani, Si Sa Ket, Surin, and Buri Ram
- Area 5: 10 provinces with 7,818,710 population - Nakhon Ratchasima, Nakhon Nayok, Prachin Buri, Sa Kaeo, Chachoengsao, Chonburi, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat, and Pathum Thani
- Area 6: 3 provinces with 7,802,639 population - Bangkok, Nonthaburi, and Samut Prakan
- Area 7: 15 provinces with 7,800,965 population - Kanchanaburi, Suphan Buri, Nakhon Pathom, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Chumphon, Ranong, Chai Nat, Sing Buri, Ang Thong, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Saraburi, Samut Sakhon, and Samut Songkhram
- Area 8: 12 provinces with 7,941,622 population - Surat Thani, Phang Nga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Krabi, Phuket, Trang, Phatthalung, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat, and Yala
Competing political parties
editSome of the political parties contesting in this election, covering 157 constituencies and 80 party-list seats, are:
- People's Power Party (Phak Palang Prachachon) led by Samak Sundaravej.
- Democrat Party (Phak Prachatipat) led by Abhisit Vejjajiva.
- Thai Nation Party (Phak Chart Thai) led by Banharn Silpa-Archa.
- For the Motherland (Phak Pua Paendin) led by Suwit Khunkitti.
- Thais United National Development Party (Phak Ruam Jai Thai Chat Pattana) led by Chettha Thanajaro.
- Neutral Democratic Party (Phak Matchima Thippathai) led by Prachai Leophai-ratana.
- Royalist People's Party (Phak Pracha Raj) led by Sanoh Thienthong.
Opinion polls
editAn opinion poll in late August saw the Democrat Party in the lead with 43.0%, followed by the People's Power Party with 20.7% and Thais United with 7.7%.[12] A poll from November 2007 saw the PPP lead with 39%, followed by the Democrat Party with 32%, the Thai Nation Party with 10%, the Neutral Democratic Party with 9% and For the Motherland with 5%.[13] However, another poll from late November saw the Democrat Party lead with 43% to the PPP's 24%.[14]
Results
editTwo exit polls gave the PPP a clear first place, with either 256 to the Democrats' 162 seats (giving them an absolute majority of the 480 seats) or with 202 to the Democrats' 146. Four smaller parties also took seats. While the Democrats acknowledged their election defeat and stated it was the PPP's right to form the government, it is unclear what the military will do now, as the PPP is based mostly on former TRT supporters.[15][16]
The preliminary final results gave the PPP 226 seats, the Democrat Party 166 seats and Chart Thai 39 seats. For the Motherland got 26 seats, Ruam Jai Thai Chat Pattana 10, the Neutral Democratic Party 7 and Pracharat 4 seats.[17]
According to final results, the PPP won 233 seats, the Democrat Party 165 seats and Chart Thai 37 seats. For the Motherland got 24 seats, Ruam Jai Thai Chat Pattana 9, the Neutral Democratic Party 7 and Pracharat 5 seats.[18]
.svg) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Proportional | Constituency | Total seats | |||||
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | |||
| Democrat Party | 14,084,265 | 38.65 | 33 | 21,745,696 | 29.95 | 132 | 165 | |
| People's Power Party | 14,071,799 | 38.61 | 34 | 26,293,456 | 36.21 | 199 | 233 | |
| Puea Pandin Party | 1,981,021 | 5.44 | 7 | 6,599,422 | 9.09 | 17 | 24 | |
| Thai Nation Party | 1,545,282 | 4.24 | 4 | 6,363,475 | 8.76 | 33 | 37 | |
| Ruam Jai Thai Chart Pattana Party | 948,544 | 2.60 | 1 | 3,395,197 | 4.68 | 8 | 9 | |
| Pracharaj Party | 750,158 | 2.06 | 1 | 1,632,795 | 2.25 | 4 | 5 | |
| Neutral Democratic Party | 528,464 | 1.45 | 0 | 3,844,673 | 5.30 | 7 | 7 | |
| Farmer Network of Thailand Party | 269,129 | 0.74 | 0 | 205,502 | 0.28 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thai Farmer Party | 240,913 | 0.66 | 0 | 37,824 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
| New Aspiration Party | 186,017 | 0.51 | 0 | 195,835 | 0.27 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thai Pen Thai Party | 164,302 | 0.45 | 0 | 276,983 | 0.38 | 0 | 0 | |
| Farmer Force Party | 143,773 | 0.39 | 0 | 32,997 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
| Prachamati Party | 131,080 | 0.36 | 0 | 313,143 | 0.43 | 0 | 0 | |
| Rakmuangthai Party | 130,096 | 0.36 | 0 | 30,603 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | |
| Pattana Prachathippatai Party | 105,949 | 0.29 | 0 | 19,025 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thai Rum Ruay Party | 73,652 | 0.20 | 0 | 242,844 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 | |
| Power Ground Party | 41,819 | 0.11 | 0 | 20,925 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thai Citizen Party | 37,878 | 0.10 | 0 | 294,124 | 0.41 | 0 | 0 | |
| Moral Party | 36,250 | 0.10 | 0 | 10,744 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
| Palang Pandin Thai Party | 12,491 | 0.03 | 0 | 36,024 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
| Dumrongthai Party | 9,480 | 0.03 | 0 | 22,821 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | |
| Chatsamuccee Party | 7,913 | 0.02 | 0 | 10,401 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thai Law Jurisprudence Party | 7,192 | 0.02 | 0 | 2,699 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| Independent Party | 7,133 | 0.02 | 0 | 26,830 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | |
| Num Vidhi Party | 6,364 | 0.02 | 0 | 12,668 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ratsadonrakthai Party | 6,070 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Labour Party | 4,956 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Mahachon Party | 1,615 | 0.00 | 0 | 11,315 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
| Sangkomdhibataya Party | 923 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Yudi Misuk Party | 780 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Kirs Thai Maankong Party | 459 | 0.00 | 0 | 3,016 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| Siam Santi Party | 27,612 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Voices of the People Party | 18,520 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Puen Kasetthai Party | 9,852 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| See Siam Party | 7,083 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Kasikorn Thai Party | 5,301 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Powthai Party | 5,199 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Thai Nation Party | 4,991 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Siam Party | 3,849 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Utopia Party | 3,636 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Rak Thai Party | 3,192 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Social Thai Party | 1,531 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Social Democratic Front Party | 864 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Blank votes | 906,216 | 2.49 | – | 834,589 | 1.15 | – | – | |
| Total | 36,441,983 | 100.00 | 80 | 72,607,256 | 100.00 | 400 | 480 | |
| Valid votes | 36,441,983 | 93.49 | ||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 2,539,429 | 6.51 | ||||||
| Total votes | 38,981,412 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 45,658,170 | 85.38 | ||||||
| Source: The Nation | ||||||||
By province
editAftermath
editDisqualifications
editA number of MPs (mainly those elected for the PPP) were given so-called "red cards" for suspected vote-buying, meaning they will not be able to contest the resulting by-elections, while other MPs issued with "yellow cards" are not banned from contesting such by-elections.[19] By 2008-01-03, the Election Commission had endorsed 397 MPs and was still investigating 83 MPs for fraud.[20]
By-elections were held on 13 January, 17 January, 20 January (the day before the first session of the newly elected parliament) and 27 January 2008.[21] The Electoral Commission was still looking into allegations of fraud by PPP deputy leader Yongyuth Tiyaphairat; if he is given a red card, the PPP faces dissolution. PPP officials have stated that they are not worried over the possible dissolution, and that they would simply find a new party instead; local reports state that a likely candidate for takeover by PPP members would be the Thai Land Power Party (Palang Pandin Thai Party).[22]
Disqualified were:
- PPP
- red cards for Prakit Poldej, Pornchai Srisuthiyothin, Rungroj Thongsri – Buri Ram Province Constituency 1[23]
- yellow cards for Boonlert Krudkhunthod, Linda Cherdchai, Prasert Jantararuangtong – Nakhon Ratchasima Province Constituency 3[24]
- yellow card for Thanatorn Losunthorn – Lampang Province Constituency 1[25]
- yellow cards for Surathin Phimarnmekhin, Anan Sriphan, Cherdchai Wichianwan – Udon Thani Province[26]
- yellow cards for Prasop Busarakham and one other MP, with Busarakham's card changed to red later[27] – Udon Thani Province Constituency 3[28]
- Thai Nation Party
- red cards for two MPs – Chai Nat Province[28]
- Democrat Party
- yellow card for Suthat Jansaengsi – Phetchabun Province[26]
- For the Motherland Party
- yellow cards for two MPs[29]
Government formation
editIn January 2008, a coalition government was announced bringing together the PPP and the five smallest parties. The Democrat Party became the sole opposition party.[30]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Thai coup leader: No vote for another year". NBC News. Bangkok. 20 September 2006.
- ^ "Poll agency clears CNS for role in issuing classified order". Bangkok Post. 2007-12-13. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
- ^ IHT, Thailand to deploy 200,000 police and soldiers for post-coup elections Archived 2008-12-08 at the Wayback Machine, 17 December 2007
- ^ The Nation, Drafting new charter 'may take 17 mths' Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine, 18 October 2006
- ^ "Thai elections expected at year end". Television New Zealand. Reuters. 12 January 2007. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
- ^ Beth Jinks and Suttinee Yuvejwattana, "Thai Election in December, Referendum by September", Bloomberg.com, 29 March 2007.
- ^ Suttinee Yuvejwattana, "Thai King Approves Constitution, Allowing Election", Bloomberg.com, 24 August 2007.
- ^ "Thailand sets date for election". BBC News. 27 August 2007.
- ^ Michael H. Nelson. "A proportional Election System for Thailand". KPI Thai Politics Up-date. Archived from the original (DOC) on 26 June 2008.
- ^ "Countdown towards the General Election" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Special Bulletin. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-16.
- ^ "Early voting of Thai general election begins". December 15, 2007.
- ^ "Thais Want Democrats to Form Government" Archived 2007-12-13 at the Wayback Machine, Angus Reid, September 11, 2007.
- ^ "Former Ruling Party Spin-Off First in Thailand". Angusreid Global Monitor. 2007-11-15. Archived from the original on 2007-12-13.
- ^ "Thais Want Former Opposition Leader as PM". Angusreid Global Monitor. 2007-11-27. Archived from the original on 2007-12-13.
- ^ "Polls: Thaksin Allies Win in Thailand". Guardian Unlimited. London. 2007-12-23. Archived from the original on 2007-12-24.
- ^ "Thaksin-linked party claims 'victory for democracy' in Thai polls". Forbes. 2007-12-23. Archived from the original on December 24, 2007.
- ^ "Thaksin ally wins Thai election". BBC News. 2007-12-23.
- ^ "Thai general election results announced". Xinhua News Agency. 2007-12-25. Archived from the original on January 2, 2008.
- ^ "3 elected candidates of winning party "yellow-carded"". People's Daily Online. 2007-12-26.
- ^ Thai election agency endorses 397 candidates winning general election People's Daily Online
- ^ Thai election agency completes filling House seats People's Daily Online
- ^ (in Chinese) Thailand starts by-elections in Northeast_English_Xinhua
- ^ Bangkok Post: Top Stories
- ^ MCOT English News : Nakhon Ratchasima Constituency 3 set to hold by-election Jan 13 Archived 2009-06-26 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Poll agency issues yellow card to fourth PPP elected candidate
- ^ a b Thai election agency issues more yellow cards to winning candidates People's Daily Online
- ^ Thai election agency disqualifies poll winner candidate People's Daily Online
- ^ a b Thai election agency disqualifies more winning candidates People's Daily Online
- ^ Thailand starts third round by-elections People's Daily Online
- ^ Thailand's Supreme Court clears way for PPP to form coalition gov't Archived 2008-09-25 at the Wayback Machine, Xinhua, 2008-01-19. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
External links
edit
Exit polls indicate pro-Thaksin party lead in Thai election at Wikinews
Media related to Thai general election, 2007 at Wikimedia Commons
