2007 World Championships in Athletics

The 11th World Championships in Athletics, (Japanese: 2007年世界陸上競技選手権大会) under the auspices of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), were held at Nagai Stadium in Osaka, Japan from 24 August to 2 September 2007. 200 of the IAAF's 212 member federations entered a total of 1,978 athletes, the greatest number of competitors at any World Championships to date.[1][2] Sarah Brightman, the world's best-selling soprano, performed her single Running at the opening ceremony.

2007 World Championships in Athletics
Host cityOsaka, Japan
Nations200
Athletes1,978
Events47
Dates24 August – 2 September 2007
Opened byEmperor Akihito
Main venueNagai Stadium

Bidding process

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Having bid unsuccessfully to host the 2008 Summer Olympics,[3] Osaka was one of three cities to express an interest in hosting the 2007 World Championships alongside Budapest, Hungary and Berlin, Germany. By the IAAF's October 1, 2002 deadline, Budapest and Berlin had both withdrawn their bids, and Osaka was announced as the host city on November 15, 2002, as the sole remaining candidate.[4] Berlin later bid successfully for the 2009 World Championships.[5]

Major themes

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Doping concerns

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The IAAF stepped up its "war on doping" at the Osaka games, and for the first time, the number of drug tests exceeded 1,000.[6] The IAAF lobbied the World Anti-Doping Agency to adopt stiffer penalties for first-time doping offences in WADA's code of practice.[7] Before the Championships, former Olympic champion Ed Moses had voiced concerns about the extent of doping in the sport, and had even predicted that a medallist at the event would be found to have taken a banned substance.[8] Despite these fears, the IAAF announced that only one of the samples taken over the course of the Championships was "suspicious" and required more examination.[9] The governing body refused to elaborate further until more was known, but the French hurdler Naman Keïta admitted to having failed a drug test.[10] The IAAF later confirmed that Keïta had tested positive for testosterone in an out-of-competition test at a training camp, and labelled the World Championships 'drug-free'.[11]

Weather conditions

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The Championships were held during an unseasonably hot summer in Japan, in contrast to the cool, wet and windy conditions of Helsinki two years earlier.[12] Temperatures earlier in the month had reached 40 °C (104 °F), killing several people.[13] Temperatures had eased somewhat by the start of the event,[14] but with early-morning temperatures around 30 °C and humidity high, the IAAF maintained a colour-coded advisory scale warning of the risk of heat stroke.[15] Casualties of the heat were not as high as initially feared, but dozens of athletes failed to finish the walks and marathons and a few did require medical treatment.[14] Some athletes in shorter events blamed poor performances on the difficult conditions.[16]

Attendance

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Concerns had been raised in the week running up to the Championships about the low level of ticket sales – only 46% of seats had been filled by August 20.[17] The Nagai Stadium was less than half full for the opening ceremony, and there were around 15,000 empty seats on the night of the men's 100 m final.[18] A number of reasons were cited for the poor attendance, including high ticket prices (especially since the streets were lined during the marathons),[18][19] the hot weather[19] and the disappointing performance of the Japanese team.[19] IAAF vice-president Sebastian Coe also suggested that the length of the Championships may have to be shortened in future to sustain the public's interest.[20]

Notable performances

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Despite no world records being broken, the Championships saw a number of significant personal and team achievements. The United States dominated the overall standings ahead of Kenya and Russia, equalling its best ever medal haul (first achieved in 1991) with 26, fourteen of them golds. The U.S. also set another Championship first by triumphing in all four relay races.[21] These accomplishments were highlighted by three individual performances: Tyson Gay and Allyson Felix collected three gold medals each (Gay in the 100 and 200 metres and the 4 × 100 m relay, Felix in the 200 m and the two women's relays), a feat previously achieved only by Marita Koch, Carl Lewis and Maurice Greene;[21] while Kenyan-born Bernard Lagat became the first man to win both the 1500 and 5000 m titles at the same World Championships.[22] Perhaps the most unlikely American medal came from 110 m hurdler David Payne, who as first alternate had not travelled to Osaka with the rest of the team. After Dominique Arnold withdrew from the event with an injury, Payne only arrived in Japan the night before the heats, and proceeded to move through the rounds before taking bronze with a personal best.[22]

Amongst prominent European successes were Swede Carolina Klüft's third consecutive world heptathlon title with a European record score, the victory of 39-year-old German Franka Dietzsch in the discus, which made her the second-oldest world champion ever[23] and Nelson Évora's win in the triple jump, beating world-leading Brazilian Jadel Gregorio and defending champion Walter Davis. Christine Ohuruogu of Great Britain and Northern Ireland claimed a surprise gold in the women's 400 metres, less than a month after the expiry of a year-long ban imposed for missing three drug tests,[24] while high jumper Kyriakos Ioannou claimed the first ever medal for Cyprus in a World Championships.[25] Russia's Tatyana Lebedeva just missed out on an unprecedented long jump/triple jump double, but still ended up with a gold and a silver medal.[26]

African countries were typically well represented in the middle and long-distance events, with Kenyans claiming both the men's and women's marathon titles and Ethiopia winning three golds.

Chinese athlete Liu Xiang, the only sprinter of non-African origin to clock sub-13 second 110m hurdles, took the gold medal at this event with a time of 12.95 seconds.

World Record Holders for the 20 km Walk, Jefferson Pérez, and 50 km Walk, Nathan Deakes, both won their respective events, confirming their dominance of the event. In Perez's case, this was his third World Championship Gold Medal in a row.

Host nation Japan gained its only medal on the final day with a bronze for Reiko Tosa in the women's marathon.

Men's results

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Track

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2003 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011

Event Gold Silver Bronze
100 metres
details
Tyson Gay
  United States (USA)
9.85 Derrick Atkins
  Bahamas (BAH)
9.91 NR Asafa Powell
  Jamaica (JAM)
9.96
200 metres
details
Tyson Gay
  United States (USA)
19.76 CR Usain Bolt
  Jamaica (JAM)
19.91 Wallace Spearmon
  United States (USA)
20.05
400 metres
details
Jeremy Wariner
  United States (USA)
43.45 WL PB LaShawn Merritt
  United States (USA)
43.96 PB Angelo Taylor
  United States (USA)
44.32
800 metres
details
Alfred Kirwa Yego
  Kenya (KEN)
1:47.09 Gary Reed
  Canada (CAN)
1:47.10 Yuriy Borzakovskiy
  Russia (RUS)
1:47.39
1500 metres
details
Bernard Lagat
  United States (USA)
3:34.77 Rashid Ramzi
  Bahrain (BHR)
3:35.00 SB Shedrack Kibet Korir
  Kenya (KEN)
3:35.04
5000 metres
details
Bernard Lagat
  United States (USA)
13:45.87 Eliud Kipchoge
  Kenya (KEN)
13:46.00 Moses Kipsiro
  Uganda (UGA)
13:46.75
10,000 metres
details
Kenenisa Bekele
  Ethiopia (ETH)
27:05.90 SB Sileshi Sihine
  Ethiopia (ETH)
27:09.03 Martin Mathathi
  Kenya (KEN)
27:12.17
Marathon
details
Luke Kibet
  Kenya (KEN)
2:15:59 Mubarak Hassan Shami
  Qatar (QAT)
2:17:18 Viktor Röthlin
  Switzerland (SUI)
2:17:25
110 metres hurdles
details
Liu Xiang
  China (CHN)
12.95 Terrence Trammell
  United States (USA)
12.99 David Payne
  United States (USA)
13.02 PB
400 metres hurdles
details
Kerron Clement
  United States (USA)
47.61 WL Félix Sánchez
  Dominican Republic (DOM)
48.01 SB Marek Plawgo
  Poland (POL)
48.12 NR
3000 metres steeplechase
details
Brimin Kipruto
  Kenya (KEN)
8:13.82 Ezekiel Kemboi
  Kenya (KEN)
8:16.94 Richard Mateelong
  Kenya (KEN)
8:17.59
20 kilometres walk
details
Jefferson Pérez
  Ecuador (ECU)
1:22:20 Paquillo Fernández
  Spain (ESP)
1:22:40 Hatem Ghoula
  Tunisia (TUN)
1:22:40
50 kilometres walk
details
Nathan Deakes
  Australia (AUS)
3:43:53 SB Yohann Diniz
  France (FRA)
3:44:22 SB Alex Schwazer
  Italy (ITA)
3:44:38
4 x 100 metres relay
details
  United States (USA)
Darvis Patton
Wallace Spearmon
Tyson Gay
Leroy Dixon
Rodney Martin*
37.78 WL   Jamaica (JAM)
Marvin Anderson
Usain Bolt
Nesta Carter
Asafa Powell
Dwight Thomas*
Steve Mullings*
37.89 NR   Great Britain & N.I. (GBR)
Christian Malcolm
Craig Pickering
Marlon Devonish
Mark Lewis-Francis
37.90 SB
4 x 400 metres relay
details
  United States (USA)
LaShawn Merritt
Angelo Taylor
Darold Williamson
Jeremy Wariner
Bershawn Jackson*
Kerron Clement*
2:55.56 WL   Bahamas (BAH)
Avard Moncur
Michael Mathieu
Andrae Williams
Chris Brown
Nathaniel McKinney*
2:59.18 SB   Poland (POL)
Marek Plawgo
Daniel Dąbrowski
Marcin Marciniszyn
Kacper Kozłowski
Rafał Wieruszewski*
Witold Bańka*
3:00.05 SB
WR world record | AR area record | CR championship record | GR games record | NR national record | OR Olympic record | PB personal best | SB season best | WL world leading (in a given season)

Note: * Indicates athletes who ran in preliminary rounds.

Field

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2003 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011

Event Gold Silver Bronze
High jump
details
Donald Thomas
  Bahamas (BAH)
2.35 WL Yaroslav Rybakov
  Russia (RUS)
2.35 WL Kyriakos Ioannou
  Cyprus (CYP)
2.35 WL
Pole vault
details
Brad Walker
  United States (USA)
5.86 Romain Mesnil
  France (FRA)
5.86 SB Danny Ecker
  Germany (GER)
5.81
Long jump
details
Irving Saladino
  Panama (PAN)
8.57 AR Andrew Howe
  Italy (ITA)
8.47 NR Dwight Phillips
  United States (USA)
8.30
Triple jump
details
Nelson Évora
  Portugal (POR)
17.74 NR Jadel Gregório
  Brazil (BRA)
17.59 Walter Davis
  United States (USA)
17.33 SB
Shot put
details
Reese Hoffa
  United States (USA)
22.04 Adam Nelson
  United States (USA)
21.61 SB Rutger Smith
  Netherlands (NED)
21.13
Andrei Mikhnevich
  Belarus (BLR)
21.27
Discus throw
details
Gerd Kanter
  Estonia (EST)
68.94 Robert Harting
  Germany (GER)
66.68 Rutger Smith
  Netherlands (NED)
66.42
Javelin throw
details
Tero Pitkämäki
  Finland (FIN)
90.33 Andreas Thorkildsen
  Norway (NOR)
88.61 Breaux Greer
  United States (USA)
86.21
Hammer throw
details
Ivan Tsikhan
  Belarus (BLR)
83.63 WL Primož Kozmus
  Slovenia (SLO)
82.29 Libor Charfreitag
  Slovakia (SVK)
81.60 SB
Decathlon
details
Roman Šebrle
  Czech Republic (CZE)
8676 Maurice Smith
  Jamaica (JAM)
8644 NR Dmitriy Karpov
  Kazakhstan (KAZ)
8586 SB
WR world record | AR area record | CR championship record | GR games record | NR national record | OR Olympic record | PB personal best | SB season best | WL world leading (in a given season)

Women's results

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Track

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2003 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011

Event Gold Silver Bronze
100 metres
details
Veronica Campbell
  Jamaica (JAM)
11.01 Lauryn Williams
  United States (USA)
11.01 SB Carmelita Jeter
  United States (USA)
11.02 PB
200 metres
details
Allyson Felix
  United States (USA)
21.81 WL Veronica Campbell
  Jamaica (JAM)
22.34 SB Susanthika Jayasinghe
  Sri Lanka (SRI)
22.63
400 metres
details
Christine Ohuruogu
  Great Britain & N.I. (GBR)
49.61 PB Nicola Sanders
  Great Britain & N.I. (GBR)
49.65 PB Novlene Williams
  Jamaica (JAM)
49.66 SB
800 metres
details
Janeth Jepkosgei
  Kenya (KEN)
1:56.04 WL Hasna Benhassi
  Morocco (MAR)
1:56.99 Mayte Martínez
  Spain (ESP)
1:57.62 PB
1500 metres
details
Maryam Yusuf Jamal
  Bahrain (BHR)
3:58.75 SB Iryna Lishchynska
  Ukraine (UKR)
4:00.69 SB Daniela Yordanova
  Bulgaria (BUL)
4:00.82 SB
Yelena Soboleva
  Russia (RUS)
3:58.99
5000 metres
details
Meseret Defar
  Ethiopia (ETH)
14:57.91 Vivian Cheruiyot
  Kenya (KEN)
14:58.50 Priscah Jepleting Cherono
  Kenya (KEN)
14:59.21
10,000 metres
details
Tirunesh Dibaba
  Ethiopia (ETH)
31:55.41 SB Kara Goucher
  United States (USA)
32:02.05 SB Jo Pavey
  Great Britain & N.I. (GBR)
32:03.81
Elvan Abeylegesse
  Turkey (TUR)
31:59.40
Marathon
details
Catherine Ndereba
  Kenya (KEN)
2:30:37 Zhou Chunxiu
  China (CHN)
2:30:45 Reiko Tosa
  Japan (JPN)
2:30:55
100 metres hurdles
details
Michelle Perry
  United States (USA)
12.46 Perdita Felicien
  Canada (CAN)
12.49 SB Delloreen Ennis-London
  Jamaica (JAM)
12.50 PB
400 metres hurdles
details
Jana Rawlinson
  Australia (AUS)
53.31 SB Yuliya Pechenkina
  Russia (RUS)
53.50 SB Anna Jesień
  Poland (POL)
53.92
3000 metres steeplechase
details
Yekaterina Volkova
  Russia (RUS)
9:06.57 CR PB Tatyana Petrova
  Russia (RUS)
9:09.19 PB Eunice Jepkorir
  Kenya (KEN)
9:20.09
20 kilometres walk
details
Olga Kaniskina
  Russia (RUS)
1:30:09 Tatyana Shemyakina
  Russia (RUS)
1:30:42 María Vasco
  Spain (ESP)
1:30:47
4 x 100 metres relay
details
  United States (USA)
Lauryn Williams
Allyson Felix
Mikele Barber
Torri Edwards
Carmelita Jeter*
Mechelle Lewis*
41.98 WL   Jamaica (JAM)
Sheri-Ann Brooks
Kerron Stewart
Simone Facey
Veronica Campbell
Shelly-Ann Fraser*
42.01 SB   Belgium (BEL)
Olivia Borlée
Hanna Mariën
Élodie Ouédraogo
Kim Gevaert
42.75 NR
4 x 400 metres relay
details
  United States (USA)
DeeDee Trotter
Allyson Felix
Mary Wineberg
Sanya Richards
Monique Hennagan*
Natasha Hastings*
3:18.55 WL   Jamaica (JAM)
Shericka Williams
Shereefa Lloyd
Davita Prendergast
Novlene Williams
Anastasia Le-Roy*
3:19.73 NR   Great Britain & N.I. (GBR)
Christine Ohuruogu
Marilyn Okoro
Lee McConnell
Nicola Sanders
Donna Fraser*
3:20.04 NR
WR world record | AR area record | CR championship record | GR games record | NR national record | OR Olympic record | PB personal best | SB season best | WL world leading (in a given season)

Note: * Indicates athletes who ran in preliminary rounds.

Field

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2003 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011

Event Gold Silver Bronze
High jump
details
Blanka Vlašić
  Croatia (CRO)
2.05 Antonietta Di Martino
  Italy (ITA)
Anna Chicherova
  Russia (RUS)
2.03 NR
2.03 PB
After an outstanding season, Vlašić was the big favourite coming into the final, and she did not disappoint. Di Martino and Chicherova gave the Croatian a run for her money though, as they both cleared 2.03 and shared second place. With Russians Slesarenko and Savchenko both clearing 2.00, this was the first ever women's high jump competition with 5 jumpers over 2.00 and also the first ever with 3 jumpers clearing 2.03.
Pole vault
details
Yelena Isinbayeva
  Russia (RUS)
4.80 Kateřina Baďurová
  Czech Republic (CZE)
4.75
NR
Svetlana Feofanova
  Russia (RUS)
4.75
Isinbayeva was the only one to vault over 4.80 m. Then she attacked the world record trying to jump 5.02 m, but failed. Three athletes beat the height of 4.75 m, but only Baďurová succeeded with her first attempt, taking silver. Feofanova took bronze, beating Monika Pyrek thanks to her better first attempt on 4.70 m.
Long jump
details
Tatyana Lebedeva
  Russia (RUS)
7.03 Lyudmila Kolchanova
  Russia (RUS)
6.92 Tatyana Kotova
  Russia (RUS)
6.90
SB
Lebedeva twice jumped 7.03 m to head a Russian clean sweep of the medals.
Triple jump
details
Yargelis Savigne
  Cuba (CUB)
15.28
WL
Tatyana Lebedeva
  Russia (RUS)
15.07 Marija Šestak
  Slovenia (SLO)
14.72
Lebedeva's dominance of the event and her hopes of an unprecedented long jump/triple jump double were ended by Savigne, whose opening jump of 15.28 m proved decisive.
Shot put
details
Valerie Vili
  New Zealand (NZL)
20.54
WL / AR
Nadine Kleinert
  Germany (GER)
19.77
SB
Li Ling
  China (CHN)
19.38
PB
Astapchuk lead throughout the rounds but Vili responded in the final round with a 20.54 throw. Astapchuk's last round effort of 20.48 was not enough to catch the New Zealander, who set a Commonwealth record.
Discus throw
details
Franka Dietzsch
  Germany (GER)
66.61 Yarelis Barrios
  Cuba (CUB)
63.90
PB
Nicoleta Grasu
  Romania (ROU)
63.40
Dietzsch's opening effort of 66.61 m proved enough to secure the gold medal for the third time in her career. At 39, she became the second-oldest athletics world champion in history.[23] Darya Pishchalnikova initially finished second, but her silver medal was revoked in 2008 for manipulating drug samples.
Javelin throw
details
Barbora Špotáková
  Czech Republic (CZE)
67.07
NR
Christina Obergföll
  Germany (GER)
66.46 Steffi Nerius
  Germany (GER)
64.42
The final was a battle between two pairs of German and Czech throwers which ended with a loss for this year unbeaten Obergföll. Špotáková improved the Czech national record (previously 66.21 held by herself since 2006) twice. She took an early lead for 66.40 m in her first attempt and secured the gold medal with her third throw (67.07) before Obergföll who reached 66.46 in the sixth attempt. Both Špotáková and Obergföl had a solid row of attempts over 60 m. Nerius (64.42) managed to get the bronze when she overcame Nikola Brejchová (63.73) in the fourth round.
Hammer throw
details
Betty Heidler
  Germany (GER)
74.76 Yipsi Moreno
  Cuba (CUB)
74.74 Zhang Wenxiu
  China (CHN)
74.39
In a tight contest, Moreno's final round throw fell just 2 cm short of Heidler's 74.76, set in round two. Ivana Brkljačić failed to follow up on her qualification-leading throw of 74.69 and had to settle with 11th place.
Heptathlon
details
Carolina Klüft
  Sweden (SWE)
7032
WL / AR
Lyudmila Blonska
  Ukraine (UKR)
6832
NR
Kelly Sotherton
  Great Britain & N.I. (Great Britain and N.I.)
6510
SB
Klüft set a European Record and became the second highest scorer ever in taking her third consecutive World Championship title and 19th consecutive heptathlon win. Sotherton had to fight with Jessica Ennis for a medal in the 800 m, after a poor javelin. Ennis won the 800 metres by only 0.19 seconds which was not enough, giving her the fourth place after Sotherton.
WR world record | AR area record | CR championship record | GR games record | NR national record | OR Olympic record | PB personal best | SB season best | WL world leading (in a given season)

Medal table

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The victory ceremony for the men's javelin

  *   Host nation (Japan (JPN))

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1  United States (USA)145726
2  Kenya (KEN)53513
3  Russia (RUS)47314
4  Ethiopia (ETH)3104
5  Germany (GER)2327
6  Czech Republic (CZE)2103
7  Australia (AUS)2002
8  Jamaica (JAM)16310
9  Bahamas (BAH)1203
  Cuba (CUB)1203
11  Great Britain & N.I. (GBR)1146
12  China (CHN)1124
13  Bahrain (BHR)1102
14  Belarus (BLR)1001
  Croatia (CRO)1001
  Ecuador (ECU)1001
  Estonia (EST)1001
  Finland (FIN)1001
  New Zealand (NZL)1001
  Panama (PAN)1001
  Portugal (POR)1001
  Sweden (SWE)1001
23  Italy (ITA)0213
24  Canada (CAN)0202
  France (FRA)0202
  Ukraine (UKR)0202
27  Spain (ESP)0123
28  Slovenia (SLO)0112
29  Brazil (BRA)0101
  Dominican Republic (DOM)0101
  Morocco (MAR)0101
  Norway (NOR)0101
  Qatar (QAT)0101
34  Poland (POL)0033
35  Netherlands (NED)0022
36  Belgium (BEL)0011
  Bulgaria (BUL)0011
  Cyprus (CYP)0011
  Japan (JPN)*0011
  Kazakhstan (KAZ)0011
  Romania (ROM)0011
  Slovakia (SVK)0011
  Sri Lanka (SRI)0011
  Switzerland (SUI)0011
  Tunisia (TUN)0011
  Uganda (UGA)0011
Totals (46 entries)474846141
Source: [1]

Broadcasting

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The broadcasters of the 2007 IAAF World Championships were as follows:

Japan

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Worldwide

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This list is non-exhaustive.

References

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  1. ^ "President Diack proudly signs off Osaka 2007" (Press release). IAAF. 2007-09-02. Archived from the original on 4 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-17.
  2. ^ "WCH History". IAAF. Archived from the original on 26 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-17.
  3. ^ "Beijing handed Olympic Games". BBC Sport. 2001-07-13. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  4. ^ "Osaka to host Worlds". BBC Sport. 2002-11-15. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  5. ^ "Berlin named host of 2009 Worlds". BBC Sport. 2004-12-04. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  6. ^ "Drug testing to increase at Osaka". BBC Sport. 2007-08-03. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  7. ^ "Osaka Statement on Doping Penalties" (Press release). IAAF. 2007-08-23. Archived from the original on 26 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  8. ^ "Moses warns of more drugs trouble". BBC Sport. 2007-08-23. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  9. ^ "'Suspicious' Osaka test revealed". BBC Sport. 2007-09-02. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  10. ^ "French athlete 'fails' drugs test". BBC Sport. 2007-09-04. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  11. ^ "Athletics 'is winning drugs war'". BBC Sport. 2007-09-21. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
  12. ^ "Clay reigns supreme in decathlon". BBC Sport. 2005-08-10. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  13. ^ "Heatwave sweeps Japan, kills at least seven". Reuters. 2007-08-16. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  14. ^ a b Wade, Stephen (2007-08-25). "Steamy heat in Japan not a factor for athletes at World Championships, organizers say". Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  15. ^ IAAF. "Advisory Note" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  16. ^ McAsey, Jenny (2007-09-04). "Humid weather disrupts Buster". The Australian. Archived from the original on 2007-09-22. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  17. ^ "Low ticket sales worrying IAAF ahead of athletics worlds". Associated Press. 2007-08-20. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  18. ^ a b Mettam, Greg (2007-08-27). "World Athletics Championships threaten to melt into oblivion". Mainichi Daily News. Retrieved 2007-09-04.[permanent dead link]
  19. ^ a b c Cram, Steve (2007-09-04). "Osaka was well-organised but somebody forgot to sell the tickets". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  20. ^ Coe, Sebastian (2007-09-04). "Osaka's high notes fail to reach enough ears". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2007-11-21. Retrieved 2007-09-04.
  21. ^ a b Baum, Bob (2007-09-02). "American Runner Felix Earns 3rd Gold". Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-09-04.[dead link]
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