2009–10 Süper Lig

(Redirected from 2009-10 Süper Lig)

The 2009–10 Süper Lig (known as the Turkcell Süper Lig for sponsorship reasons) was the 52nd season since its establishment. The season commenced on 7 August 2009 with Istanbul B.B. hosting defending champions Beşiktaş at Atatürk Olympic Stadium. The last matches were played on 16 May 2010.

Süper Lig
Season2009–10
ChampionsBursaspor
1st title
RelegatedAnkaraspor
Denizlispor
Diyarbakırspor
Champions LeagueBursaspor
Fenerbahçe
Europa LeagueGalatasaray
Beşiktaş
Trabzonspor
Matches played272
Goals scored644 (2.37 per match)
Top goalscorerAriza Makukula (21)
Biggest home winBursaspor 6–0 İstanbul B.B
(24 October 2009)[citation needed]
Biggest away winİstanbul B.B 1–6 Trabzonspor
(13 September 2009)[citation needed]
Highest scoringİstanbul B.B 1–6 Trabzonspor (13 September 2009)[citation needed]
Galatasaray 4–3 Trabzonspor (18 October 2009)[citation needed]
(7 goals each)

Bursaspor won the league beating defending champions Beşiktaş 2–1 at home.[1] They beat second placed Fenerbahçe by just one point after they could only manage a 1–1 home draw against Trabzonspor. It was only the seventh time a club outside the Istanbul Big Three have won the league, with Trabzonspor being the only other team with six championships, winning their last title in 1984.[2]

Promotion and relegation from 2008–09

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Konyaspor, Kocaelispor and Hacettepe SK were relegated at the end of the 2008–09 season after finishing in the bottom three places of the standings. Konyaspor had to face demotion after six years in the highest Turkish football league. Kocaelispor returned to the First League after just one year in the Süper Lig, while Hacettepe ended a two-year stint in the Turkish top flight.

The relegated teams were replaced by 2008–09 TFF First League champions Manisaspor, runners-up Diyarbakırspor and promotion play-off winners Kasımpaşa. Manisaspor and Kasımpaşa made an immediate return to the Süper Lig while Diyarbakırspor returned after a three-year hiatus.

Team overview

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Team Head coach Team captain Venue Capacity[3] Kitmaker Shirt sponsor Club Chairman
Ankaragücü   Roger Lemerre   Hürriyet Güçer Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium 19,209 Lotto Turkcell Ahmet Gökçek
Ankaraspor   Jürgen Röber   Hürriyet Güçer Yenikent Asaş Stadium 19,626 Nike Turkcell Ruhi Kurnaz
Antalyaspor   Mehmet Özdilek   Ömer Çatkıç Antalya Atatürk Stadium 11,137 Puma Rixos Hotels Hasan Akıncıoğlu
Beşiktaş   Mustafa Denizli   İbrahim Üzülmez BJK İnönü Stadium 32,086 Adidas Cola Turka Yıldırım Demirören
Bursaspor   Ertuğrul Sağlam   Ömer Erdoğan Bursa Atatürk Stadium 18,587 Puma Turkcell İbrahim Yazıcı
Denizlispor   Hakan Kutlu   Özden Öngün Denizli Atatürk Stadium 15,427 Lescon Turkcell Ali İpek
Diyarbakırspor   Güvenç Kurtar   Barış Ataş Diyarbakır Atatürk Stadium 12,963 Lescon Turkcell Çetin Sümer
Eskişehirspor   Rıza Çalımbay   Serdar Özbayraktar Eskişehir Atatürk Stadium 13,520 Puma Eti Halil Ünal
Fenerbahçe   Christoph Daum   Alex Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium 53,586 Adidas Avea Aziz Yıldırım
Galatasaray   Frank Rijkaard   Arda Turan Ali Sami Yen Stadium 52,800 Adidas Türk Telekom Adnan Polat
Gaziantepspor   José Couceiro   Christian Rodrigo Zurita Gaziantep Kamil Ocak Stadium 16,981 Diadora Turkcell İbrahim Halil Kızıl
Gençlerbirliği   Thomas Doll   İlhan Eker Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium 19,209 Lotto Turkcell İlhan Cavcav
Istanbul B.B.   Abdullah Avcı   Okan Buruk Atatürk Olympic Stadium 76,485 Nike Turkcell Göksel Gümüşdağ
Kasımpaşa   Yılmaz Vural   Tolga Özgen Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium 9,576 Lotto Turkcell Hasan Hilmi Öksüz
Kayserispor   Tolunay Kafkas   Aydın Toscalı Kadir Has Stadium 32,864 Adidas Turkcell Recep Mamur
Manisaspor   Mesut Bakkal   Yiğit İncedemir Manisa 19 Mayıs Stadium 14,965 Lescon Vestel Kenan Yaralı
Sivasspor   Muhsin Ertuğral   Mehmet Yildiz Sivas 4 Eylül Stadium 14,998 Adidas Turkcell Mecnun Odyakmaz
Trabzonspor   Şenol Güneş   Rigobert Song Hüseyin Avni Aker Stadium 19,649 Nike Türk Telekom Sadri Şener

Managerial changes

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During summer break

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Nine teams decided to change their head coach in the offseason, among them Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray.

Team Outgoing manager Manner of departure Date of vacancy Replaced by Date of appointment
Diyarbakırspor   Coşkun Demirbakan End of Contract 31 May 2009[4]   Nurullah Sağlam 29 June 2009[5]
Ankaraspor   Aykut Kocaman End of Contract 31 May 2009[6]   Jürgen Röber 1 July 2009[7]
Gençlerbirliği   Samet Aybaba End of Contract 31 May 2009[8]   Thomas Doll 1 July 2009[9]
Fenerbahçe   Luis Aragonés Sacked 2 June 2009[10]   Christoph Daum 1 July 2009[10]
Galatasaray   Bülent Korkmaz Resign 5 June 2009[11]   Frank Rijkaard 1 July 2009[11]
Denizlispor   Mesut Bakkal Sacked 8 June 2009[12]   Erhan Altın 1 July 2009[12]
Manisaspor   Levent Eriş End of contract 18 June 2009[13]   Mesut Bakkal 1 July 2009[13]
Trabzonspor   Ahmet Özen End of tenure as caretaker 30 June 2009[14]   Hugo Broos 1 July 2009[14]
Diyarbakirspor   Nurullah Sağlam Resign 7 July 2009[15]   Ziya Doğan 8 July 2009[16]

After start of the 2009–10 season

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Team Outgoing manager Manner of departure Date of vacancy Replaced by Date of appointment
Denizlispor   Erhan Altın Sacked 1 September 2009[17]   Nurullah Sağlam 2 September 2009[18]
Kasımpaşa   Besim Durmuş Sacked 3 September 2009[19]   Yılmaz Vural 4 September 2009[20]
Sivasspor   Bülent Uygun Resign 4 October 2009[21]   Muhsin Ertuğral 8 October 2009[22]
Denizlispor   Nurullah Sağlam Resign 18 October 2009[23]   Hakan Kutlu 28 October 2009[24]
Ankaragücü   Hikmet Karaman Sacked 12 November 2009[25]   Roger Lemerre 22 December 2009[26]
Trabzonspor   Hugo Broos Sacked 22 November 2009[27]   Şenol Güneş 28 November 2009[28]

Foreign Players

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Club Player 1 Player 2 Player 3 Player 4 Player 5 Player 6 Player 7 Player 8 Former Players
Ankaragücü   Ariel Broggi   Geremi   Jan Rajnoch   Darius Vassell   Jérôme Rothen   Theo Lewis Weeks   Marek Sapara   Róbert Vittek   Leonardo Iglesias
  Gustave Bebbe
  Erich Brabec
  Ian Henderson
  Roguy Méyé
  Madiou Konate
  Štefan Senecký
  Fredrik Risp
Ankaraspor   Roguy Méyé   Tita
  Erich Brabec
  Neca
  Štefan Senecký
Antalyaspor   Mile Jedinak   Tita   Serge Djiéhoua   Radoslav Batak   Ali Zitouni
Beşiktaş   Bobô   Rodrigo Tabata   Rodrigo Tello   Tomáš Sivok   Fabian Ernst   Michael Fink   Matteo Ferrari   Filip Hološko
Bursaspor   Leonardo Iglesias   Pablo Batalla   Dimitar Ivankov   Tomáš Zápotočný   Giani Kiriță   Ivan Ergić   Tadeu
  Shin Young-rok
Denizlispor   Damien Chrysostome   Branimir Bajić   Džemal Berberović   Douglas   Emil Angelov   Ibrahima Bangoura   Souleymane Youla   Darryl Roberts   Norman Sylla
Diyarbakırspor   Bruce Djite   Gustave Bebbe   Thierry Fidjeu   Mamadou Diallo   Bassim Abbas   Razundara Tjikuzu   Goran Stankovski   Milan Martinović   Joseph-Désiré Job
  Rorys Aragón
  Amir Azmy
  Mikkel Rask
  Andrés Mendoza
Eskişehirspor   Jojo   Safet Nadarević   Luka Vučko   Vanja Iveša   Souleymane Youla
Fenerbahçe   Alex   André Santos   Cristian   Deivid   Fábio Bilica   Dani Güiza   Diego Lugano   Roberto Carlos
Galatasaray   Leo Franco   Harry Kewell   Lucas Neill   Elano     Milan Baroš   Kader Keïta   Giovani dos Santos   Lincoln
  Shabani Nonda
  Tobias Linderoth
Gaziantepspor   Christian Zurita   Beto   Ivan   Jorginho   Júlio César   Armand Deumi   Stjepan Tomas   Žydrūnas Karčemarskas   Roland Linz
  Júlio César
  Rodrigo Tabata
Gençlerbirliği   Ivan Radeljić   Kahê   Sandro   Tozo   Jurica Vranješ   Patiyo Tambwe   Labinot Harbuzi   Bruce Djite
  Mile Jedinak
  Jacques Momha
Istanbul B.B.   Kenan Hasagić   Marcus Vinícius   Marquinhos   Hervé Tum   Mazowa N'sumbu   Kanfory Sylla   Marcin Kuś
Kasımpaşa   Diego Ruiz   André Moritz   Christian Keller   Nourdin Boukhari   Martin Baran   André Galiassi
  Petr Bolek
  Petr Pavlík
Kayserispor   Franco Cángele   James Troisi   Alioum Saidou   Souleymanou Hamidou   Mohamed Shawky   Delio Toledo   Makukula   Salomon Olembé
Manisaspor   Gabriel   Jacques Momha   Josh Simpson   Oumar Kalabane   Jimmy Dixon   Isaac Promise   Vlastimir Jovanović
  Reinaldo
  Rahim Ouédraogo
Sivasspor   Michael Petkovic   Lucien Aubey   Yannick Kamanan   Bruno Mbanangoyé   Souleymane Keïta   Akeem Agbetu   Elrio van Heerden   Nabil Taïder   Hamer Bouazza
  Pieter Mbemba
Trabzonspor   Gustavo Colman   Alanzinho   Rigobert Song   Teófilo Gutiérrez   Drago Gabrić   Hrvoje Čale   Tony Sylva   Razundara Tjikuzu

League table

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Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification or relegation
1 Bursaspor (C) 34 23 6 5 65 26 +39 75 Qualification to Champions League group stage
2 Fenerbahçe 34 23 5 6 61 28 +33 74 Qualification to Champions League third qualifying round
3 Galatasaray 34 19 7 8 61 35 +26 64[a] Qualification to Europa League third qualifying round
4 Beşiktaş 34 18 10 6 47 25 +22 64[a] Qualification to Europa League second qualifying round
5 Trabzonspor 34 16 9 9 53 32 +21 57 Qualification to Europa League play-off round[b]
6 İstanbul B.B. 34 16 8 10 47 44 +3 56
7 Eskişehirspor 34 15 10 9 44 34 +10 55
8 Kayserispor 34 14 9 11 45 37 +8 51
9 Antalyaspor 34 14 7 13 49 38 +11 49
10 Gençlerbirliği 34 12 11 11 38 35 +3 47
11 Kasımpaşa 34 10 11 13 50 53 −3 41[c]
12 MKE Ankaragücü 34 9 14 11 39 40 −1 41[c]
13 Gaziantepspor 34 9 13 12 38 39 −1 40
14 Manisaspor 34 8 13 13 27 34 −7 37
15 Sivasspor 34 8 10 16 42 59 −17 34
16 Diyarbakırspor (R) 34 6 9 19 28 54 −26 27 Relegation to TFF First League
17 Denizlispor (R) 34 6 8 20 30 49 −19 26
18 Ankaraspor (R) 34 0 0 34 0 102 −102 0[d]
Source: Süper Lig official website
Rules for classification: 1st overall points, 2nd head-to-head points, 3rd head-to-head goal differential, 4th overall goal differential, 5th overall goals scored.[30]
(C) Champions; (R) Relegated
Notes:
  1. ^ a b Galatasaray finished ahead of Beşiktaş on head-to-head record: Galatasaray–Beşiktaş 3–0, Beşiktaş–Galatasaray 1–1.
  2. ^ Trabzonspor won the 2009–10 Turkish Cup and thus qualified for the play-off round of the UEFA Europa League.
  3. ^ a b Kasımpaşa finished ahead of Ankaragücü on head-to-head record: Kasımpaşa–Ankaragücü 2–0, Ankaragücü–Kasımpaşa 2–2.
  4. ^ On 7 October 2009, the Turkish Football Federation relegated Ankaraspor to the TFF First League with immediate effect due to the relationship of its governors with those of Ankaragücü being unsuitable for two teams competing in the same division. All of Ankaraspor's matches were scratched and counted as a 3–0 win for their opponents.[29]

Positions by round

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Team ╲ Round12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334
Bursaspor59461174332344354333332211111112221
Fenerbahçe2122221111111122111123334322221112
Galatasaray3211112223222443222211122244333333
Beşiktaş857912129875433235555445443433444444
Trabzonspor41012131067798699876666666665555555555
İstanbul B.B.9468131311981076879981089109888888676666
Eskişehirspor10784545667877988979777777676787777
Kayserispor13131411656444555511444554556767868888
Antalyaspor18374910131091011111010101081010111111119101011121110999
Gençlerbirliği1235333355698666779789891011999999101010
Kasımpaşa16151717171717161615151514131414121212121212121212121213111313131111
MKE Ankaragücü6111314141514111311131212121213151413131314131313131312131212111212
Gaziantepspor14141010711131211121110101111111111111181010910111110101011121313
Manisaspor1112912888101214121313151312131514161616151414141414141414141414
Sivasspor15161515161616171716161616161616161616151513141515161515151515151515
Diyarbakırspor7611591012141413141415141515141315141415161616151616161616161616
Denizlispor17171616151415151517171717171717171717171717171717171717171717171717
Ankaraspor18181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818181818
Source: tff.org (in Turkish)

Results

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Home \ Away MKE ANS ANT BEŞ BUR DEN DYB ESK FEN GAL GAZ GEN İBB KSM KAY MAN SİV TRA
MKE Ankaragücü 3–0 2–2 0–0 0–0 1–0 0–0 3–1 0–3 3–0 0–0 1–2 2–2 2–2 3–0 1–1 2–3 1–0
Ankaraspor 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3 0–3
Antalyaspor 1–0 3–0 0–1 1–1 2–1 4–1 1–2 1–2 2–3 1–0 2–0 1–3 2–0 4–0 0–0 3–0 1–1
Beşiktaş 1–0 3–0 2–0 2–3 1–0 0–0 3–2 3–0 1–1 0–0 4–1 2–0 2–1 0–1 2–0 2–2 0–0
Bursaspor 1–0 3–0 2–1 2–1 2–1 4–0 3–1 0–1 1–0 2–0 1–2 6–0 2–1 2–0 2–0 3–0 1–1
Denizlispor 0–0 3–0 1–1 0–1 2–3 0–0 1–0 0–2 1–2 1–1 2–0 0–1 3–3 1–0 1–1 1–1 0–1
Diyarbakırspor 2–2 3–0 1–0 1–3 0–3[a] 0–2 0–2 1–3 1–2 1–3 1–0 1–3 2–2 0–3 0–0 1–1 1–2
Eskişehirspor 0–0 3–0 2–1 0–1 3–2 2–0 0–0 2–1 2–1 3–2 0–0 2–1 2–0 0–1 1–0 1–1 1–0
Fenerbahçe 3–2 3–0 1–0 1–0 2–3 3–1 1–1 2–0 3–1 1–0 3–0 1–0 1–3 2–0 2–1 3–0 1–1
Galatasaray 3–0 3–0 1–2 3–0 0–0 4–1 4–1 1–1 0–1 1–0 1–0 1–1 4–1 4–1 1–1 2–0 4–3
Gaziantepspor 1–3 3–0 1–1 2–0 0–1 2–1 2–1 1–1 2–1 2–3 1–1 2–3 1–0 0–1 0–0 2–2 1–1
Gençlerbirliği 0–1 3–0 0–2 0–0 0–0 2–0 1–0 2–2 0–0 2–1 1–1 3–1 0–2 0–0 0–2 2–0 2–2
İstanbul B.B. 1–1 3–0 1–0 1–1 2–1 3–1 1–0 0–0 2–1 0–1 1–1 1–3 4–2 1–2 1–0 1–0 1–6
Kasımpaşa 2–0 3–0 2–2 2–2 0–2 3–1 1–0 1–1 0–1 1–3 3–0 0–4 1–3 2–2 3–1 2–2 3–1
Kayserispor 3–0 3–0 1–2 1–2 3–0 3–0 2–0 1–2 1–1 0–0 1–1 1–1 1–1 0–0 1–2 2–2 1–0
Manisaspor 0–0 3–0 1–2 1–1 0–2 0–0 2–1 0–0 2–2 1–2 0–3 0–0 1–0 0–0 0–1 3–1 1–0
Sivasspor 3–3 3–0 2–0 0–1 1–3 2–0 0–2 2–1 1–5 1–1 3–0 0–2 0–1 1–1 2–4 1–0 1–2
Trabzonspor 3–0 3–0 3–1 0–2 1–1 2–1 1–2 2–1 0–1 1–0 0–0 3–1 0–0 2–0 2–1 3–0 3–1
Source: [citation needed]
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.
Notes:
  1. ^ Bursaspor were awarded a 3–0 win after the match was abandoned in the 17th minute with the score level at 0–0 after Diyarbakırspor fans pelted Bursaspor players and officials with various objects.[31]

Top scorers

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Source: Süper Lig official website

Rank Scorer Club Goals
1   Ariza Makukula Kayserispor 21
2   Júlio César Gaziantepspor 13
3   Bobô Beşiktaş 12
  Necati Ateş Antalyaspor
5   Umut Bulut Trabzonspor 11
  Alex Fenerbahçe
  Milan Baroš Galatasaray
  Mustafa Pektemek Gençlerbirliği
  Daniel Güiza Fenerbahçe
10   İskender Alın İstanbul B.B. 10

Hat-tricks

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Player For Against Result Date
  Egemen Korkmaz Trabzonspor İstanbul BB 6–1 13 September 2009
  Shabani Nonda Galatasaray Kasımpaşa 3–1 21 September 2009
  Milan Baroš Galatasaray Diyarbakırspor 4–1 11 April 2010

References

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  1. ^ "Bursaspor shock Turkey's big three". FIFA.com. FIFA. 2010-05-18. Archived from the original on 21 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  2. ^ Carter, Jon (2010-05-18). "Bursaspor claim their place in history". ESPNsoccernet. ESPN. Archived from the original on 21 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-18.
  3. ^ Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Stad Arama (in Turkish)
  4. ^ "Teknik Adamlar Bilgi Detayı TFF".
  5. ^ "Diyarbakırspor Nurullah Sağlam ile anlaştı!" (in Turkish). www.diyarbakirspor.org. 29 June 2009. Archived from the original on 2 July 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  6. ^ "Teknik Adamlar Bilgi Detayı TFF".
  7. ^ "Ankarasporumuz'da yeni dönem resmen başladı" (in Turkish). www.ankaraspor.com.tr. 20 June 2009. Archived from the original on 30 June 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009.
  8. ^ "Teknik Adamlar Bilgi Detayı TFF".
  9. ^ "Doll ile bir yıllık imza" (in Turkish). www.genclerbirligi.org. 13 June 2009. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2009.
  10. ^ a b "Daum set for Fenerbahce after Cologne exit". Reuters. 2 June 2009. Archived from the original on 14 June 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009.
  11. ^ a b "Rijkaard appointed coach at Galatasaray". Reuters. 5 June 2009. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2009.
  12. ^ a b "Denizlispor Erhan Altın'a emanet". Hürriyet. 18 June 2009. Archived from the original on 24 June 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  13. ^ a b "Mesut Bakkal Manisaspor'da". Milliyet. 18 June 2009. Archived from the original on 22 June 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  14. ^ a b "Trabzonspor go Belgian with Broos". www.uefa.com. 23 June 2009. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009.
  15. ^ http://www.nurullahsaglam.com/haberdetay.asp?id=313[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ "Diyarbakırspor'da Ziya Doğan dönemi".
  17. ^ "Erhan Altın Gönderildi". Archived from the original on 2009-09-05. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  18. ^ "Nurullah Sağlam resmen Denizlispor'da - Turkcell Süper Lig- NTVSpor". Archived from the original on 2009-09-06. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  19. ^ "Kasımpaşa, Besim Durmuş ile yollarını ayırdı". Sabah.
  20. ^ "Y lmaz Vural Kas mpa a ile anla t haberi FUTBOL haberleri - Spor Haberleri - T mspor.com - Sporun net adresi, Haber, Spor, Futbol, Basketbol, Voleybol, Hentbol, Formula, motor, tenis, hentbol, atyar , euro2008, iddaa, be ikta , besiktas, galatasaray, fenerbahce, fenerbah e, trabzonspor, worldcup, turkey, istanbul, t rkiye, canl , skor, live, skor, liveskor, ma , sonu". Archived from the original on 2009-09-05. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  21. ^ "Sivasspor Resmi Web Sitesi". Archived from the original on 2009-10-08. Retrieved 2009-10-06.
  22. ^ "Superonline - İşte Sivasspor'un yeni hocası". Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
  23. ^ http://www.nurullahsaglam.com/haberdetay.asp?id=315[permanent dead link]
  24. ^ "Denizlispor'un yeni hocası Hakan Kutlu - Turkcell Süper Lig- NTVSpor". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
  25. ^ "Ankarag c , Hikmet Karaman le Yollar n Ay rd 12 Kas m 2009 Per embe 17:36". Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
  26. ^ "Ankaragücü, Lemerre ile sözleşme imzaladı".
  27. ^ "Trabzonspor'da Hugo Broos gidiyor haberi FUTBOL haberleri - Spor Haberleri - T mspor.com - Sporun net adresi, Haber, Spor, Futbol, Basketbol, Voleybol, Hentbol, Formula, motor, tenis, hentbol, atyar , euro2008, iddaa, be ikta , besiktas, galatasaray, fenerbahce, fenerbah e, trabzonspor, worldcup, turkey, istanbul, t rkiye, canl , skor, live, skor, liveskor, ma , sonu". Archived from the original on 2009-11-25. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
  28. ^ "Şenol Güneş göreve başlıyor".
  29. ^ NTV MSNBC, Ankaraspor 'etkisiz eleman', archived from the original on 10 October 2009, retrieved 7 October 2009
  30. ^ "Official TFF competition rules" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2010. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  31. ^ "Bursaspor awarded 3–0 default win after canceled Diyarbakırspor match". Istanbul: Hürriyet Daily News. March 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2010.

See also

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