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2020 Caribbean earthquake

(Redirected from 2020 Jamaica earthquake)

At 02:10 PM local time (UTC-5) on 28 January 2020, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.7 Mw struck the north side of the Cayman Trough, north of Jamaica and west of the southern tip of Cuba, with the epicenter being 80 miles (130 km) east-southeast of Cayman Brac, Cayman Islands,[4] and 83 miles (134 km) north of Montego Bay, Jamaica.[5] Schools in Jamaica, as well as corporate and public buildings in Miami, were evacuated after shaking was experienced in parts of the U.S. state of Florida, a region not typically thought of in-relation to seismic activity.[6][7] Light shaking was also reported on the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico.[8] The quake was the largest seismic event in the Caribbean since 1946.[9] A tsunami warning for the Caribbean Sea was initially issued by the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, later being withdrawn.[10]

2020 Caribbean earthquake
Shakemap from USGS
2020 Caribbean earthquake is located in Caribbean
2020 Caribbean earthquake
UTC time2020-01-28 19:10:24
ISC event617210084
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date28 January 2020 (2020-01-28)
Local time14:10:25
Magnitude7.7 Mw[1]
Depth14.9 km (9 mi)
Epicenter19°25′08″N 78°45′22″W / 19.419°N 78.756°W / 19.419; -78.756
FaultSeptentrional-Oriente fault zone
TypeStrike-slip
Areas affectedCayman Islands
Jamaica
Cuba
United States
Mexico
Max. intensityMMI VI (Strong)[2]
Tsunami0.46 m (1.5 ft) at George Town, Cayman Islands
AftershocksUp to 6.1 Mw[3]
CasualtiesNone

In the Caribbean, earthquakes occur frequently, and sometimes, they cause tsunamis. The largest earthquake in the Caribbean occurred on February 8th, 1843; its estimated magnitude is 8.0-8.5 Mw, and it caused 4,000 - 6,000 deaths and strong shaking that caused damage was felt from Sint Maarten to Dominica, even felt 2,000 km away in Washington (state) and Vermont[11]. The Cibao earthquake was the largest recorded earthquake in the Caribbean in 1946, with a magnitude of 8.1 Mw, and caused 75 deaths and 20,000 homeless. This earthquake was continued with aftershocks until 1947-48[11].

Tectonic setting

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The eastern part of the Cayman Trough forms part of the Gonâve microplate, which lies between the North American plate and the Caribbean plate. It is bounded to both north and south by large transform faults that together accommodate the relative displacement of the two major plates. To the north the boundary is the western part of the Septentrional-Oriente fault zone, which accommodates 6–11 mm per year of plate boundary motion, while to the south the boundary is formed by the Walton fault zone to the west of Jamaica and the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone to the east, accommodating about 8 mm per year.[12]

Earthquake

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The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.7 Mww  and an estimated depth of 14.8 km (9.2 mi).[1] The focal mechanism, combined with an analysis of seismic waveforms, is consistent with strike-slip motion on the Septentrional-Oriente fault zone.[13] The mainshock was followed by a series of aftershocks, with the largest being a 6.1 Mww  event that occurred less than three hours later, to the southeast of Grand Cayman.[14] The modelled rupture zone extends from just west of the epicenter of the M 6.1 aftershock to just east of the mainshock epicenter, suggesting unilateral westward propagation.[13] Two episodes of supershear rupture have been identified from the inversion of teleseismic P-waveforms.[15]

Impact

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Cayman Islands

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There were cracked roads and many sinkholes.[16] A minor tsunami of 46 cm (1 ft 6 in) was recorded.[17] All government schools were closed to allow inspections for possible damage, but they were all reopened on January 30 as no major damage had been found that related to the earthquake.[18]

Jamaica

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A six-story building on the Mona campus of the University of the West Indies, containing approximately 300 students, was evacuated.[19] Damage was reported from at least two parishes in western Jamaica.[20]

Cuba

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Tremors were felt on the southern coast of the island. A spokesman for Guantanamo Bay Naval Base stated that there were no reports of damages or injuries.[21] Granma Province was affected by the strongest shaking, being closest to the epicenter. A survey carried out by the National Center for Seismological Research, found that one house had completely collapsed and another 300 showed some damage. The houses affected were all ones that were not in good condition before the earthquake. Damage was also reported from some schools and daycare centers.[22]

United States

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Tremors were felt throughout Florida. Several people self-reported that they felt the earthquake on the Geological Survey's website, with instances including Miami, West Palm Beach, Fort Pierce, Port St. Lucie,  Vero Beach, Cocoa and Orlando according to "Did you Feel It?" data, a citizen-reporting tool used to measure the potential reach of earthquakes.[23] In Orlando, the stadium at University of Central Florida shook.[24] Several buildings were evacuated in Miami-Dade County (450 miles away). Several government buildings in Downtown Miami were evacuated, initially on a volunteer basis until a full evacuation was ordered by the local fire department.[25]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b ANSS. "Cayman Trough 2020: M 7.7 – 125 km NNW of Lucea, Jamaica". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  2. ^ "M 7.7 – 125 km NNW of Lucea, Jamaica – Shakemap". United States Geological Survey.
  3. ^ "6.1-magnitude tremor follows 7.7-magnitude earthquake between Cuba and Jamaica". Global News. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  4. ^ Cayman Prepared (28 January 2020). "Earthquake Tsunami Update". Cayman Islands National Emergency Website. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  5. ^ Allen, Karma (28 January 2020). "Powerful earthquake strikes between Jamaica and Cuba". ABC. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  6. ^ Almasy, Steve; Eshchenko (28 January 2020). "Tsunami threat message issued after magnitude 7.7 earthquake off the coast of Jamaica". CNN. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  7. ^ Dalton, Jane (28 January 2020). "Jamaica earthquake: Huge 7.7-magnitude tremor hits off island's coast". The Independent. Archived from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  8. ^ Rice, Doyle (28 January 2020). "Powerful 7.7 earthquake strikes in Caribbean between Cuba and Jamaica". USA Today. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  9. ^ Cappucci, Matthew; Samenow, Jason (28 January 2020). "7.7-magnitude earthquake strikes between Jamaica and Cuba, one of the strongest on record in Caribbean". The Washington Post. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  10. ^ "Caribbean earthquake of 7.7 prompts office evacuations in Miami". BBC News. 28 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  11. ^ a b "What was the largest earthquake in the Caribbean? | The UWI Seismic Research Centre". uwiseismic.com. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  12. ^ DeMets, C.; Wiggins-Grandison W. (2007). "Deformation of Jamaica and motion of the Gonâve microplate from GPS and seismic data". Geophysical Journal International. 168 (1): 362–378. Bibcode:2007GeoJI.168..362D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03236.x.
  13. ^ a b ANSS: Cayman Trough 2020, Finite Fault (accessed February 6, 2020).
  14. ^ ANSS. "Cayman Trough 2020b: M 6.1 – 57 km SE of East End, Cayman Islands". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  15. ^ Tadapansawut, Tira; Okuwaki, Ryo; Yagi, Yuji; Yamashita, Shinji (16 January 2021). "Rupture Process of the 2020 Caribbean Earthquake Along the Oriente Transform Fault, Involving Supershear Rupture and Geometric Complexity of Fault" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 48 (1). Bibcode:2021GeoRL..4890899T. doi:10.1029/2020GL090899. S2CID 230613656.
  16. ^ Mindock, Clark (28 January 2020). "Jamaica earthquake – live updates: Caribbean rocked by huge tremor near Cuba, with buildings evacuated in parts of US". The Independent. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  17. ^ Cayman Prepared (29 January 2020). "Earthquake Communications Timeline". Cayman Islands National Emergency Website. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
  18. ^ Cayman Prepared (29 January 2020). "Government Schools Reopen". Cayman Islands National Emergency Website. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  19. ^ "Tsunami warning after Jamaica hit by 7.7 magnitude earthquake – follow live". The Independent. 28 January 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  20. ^ "7.7 Magnitude Earthquake Off The Shores of Cuba". Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management. 29 January 2020. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  21. ^ "7.7 magnitude earthquake strikes between Cuba and Jamaica". WPBF. Associated Press. 29 January 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  22. ^ OnCuba Staff (4 February 2020). "Earthquake-damaged buildings in Cuba were in "poor condition"". On Cuba News. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  23. ^ Chesnes, Max. "Several people reported to USGS that they felt earthquake's effects on Treasure, Space coasts and Orlando". Florida Today. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  24. ^ Sentinel, Katie Rice | Orlando (28 January 2020). "UCF's 'Bounce House' stadium shakes after earthquake near Jamaica". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  25. ^ Charles, Jacqueline; Torres, Nora Gámez; Ocasio, Bianca Padró (28 January 2020). "Powerful Caribbean earthquake shakes buildings in Jamaica, Cuba – even downtown Miami". Miami Herald. Retrieved 29 January 2020.

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