This article needs to be updated. (October 2023) |
The COVID-19 pandemic in Macau was a part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case of the disease in the special administrative region of China was confirmed on 22 January 2020. The city saw nine more cases by 4 February, but no more cases until 15 March, when imported cases began to appear.[3] Stringent government measures[4] have included the 15-day closure of all 81 casinos in the territory in February 2020; in addition, effective 25 March, the territory disallowed connecting flights at its airport as well as entry by all non-residents (with the exception of residents of mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan), and from 6 April, the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge was closed to public transport and most other traffic.
| COVID-19 pandemic in Macau | |
|---|---|
| Disease | COVID-19 |
| Virus strain | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Location | Macau |
| First outbreak | Wuhan, Hubei, China |
| Arrival date | January 22, 2020; 4 years, 10 months and 3 days ago |
| Confirmed cases | 3,334[1] (including 1,239 asymptomatic cases) |
| Active cases | 16,664[2] |
| Suspected cases‡ | 5,633 |
| Recovered | 3,017[1] (including 326 asymptomatic cases) |
Deaths | 123[1] |
| Vaccinations | Total doses administered: 1,443,289 Total people vaccinated: 614,677 (including 586,843 with multiple doses) [1] |
| Government website | |
| Macao Government Special webpage against Epidemics | |
| ‡Suspected cases have not been confirmed by laboratory tests as being due to this strain, although some other strains may have been ruled out. | |
The territory had not suffered a major outbreak of COVID-19 until June 2022, when a cluster of locally transmitted COVID-19 cases prompted the government to implement restrictions, including the closure of non-essential businesses and repeated rounds of mandatory mass testing of its entire population,[5] in line with mainland China's Zero-COVID policy (Portuguese: Meta Dinâmica de Infecção Zero).[6][7]
At a press conference on 5 January 2023, the Macau Health Bureau director Alvis Lo Iek Long stated that COVID-19 had become an endemic disease in Macau, and announced the cancellation of almost all entry curbs and measures. The statement followed a transition period that began on 8 December 2022 with the gradual easing of transmission curbs.[8][9]
Timeline
editThis article needs to be updated. (July 2022) |
First wave
editOn 22 January 2020, Macau confirmed two COVID-19 cases, that of a 52-year-old woman and of a 66-year-old man, both from Wuhan.[10]
On the morning of 26 January, the Macau Health Bureau confirmed three additional cases: that of a 58-year-old woman arriving from Hong Kong on 23 January after travelling to Wuhan, and of two women, age 21 and 39, both arriving in Macau on 22 January via the Lotus Bridge; all three were residents of Wuhan. The Macau government has since temporarily closed all schools and universities, and has imposed border controls with temperature checks.[11] The government also declared the closing of several venues to limit the possible spread of the virus, including several entertainment venues and planned Lunar New Year performances.[12]
On 27 January, a 15-year-old boy, the son of one of the previously confirmed patients, was declared the sixth case of the virus in Macau.[13] The next day, the seventh case was announced, that of a 67-year-old woman, a resident of Wuhan who travelled to Guangzhou before entering Macau through the Barrier Gate checkpoint.[14]
On 6 March, all 10 confirmed patients with the virus had recovered. According to authorities, however, there are still 224 people in isolation, 6 in quarantine, and 58 Macau residents who have been to South Korea and Italy also isolated.[15]
On 7 March, the Philippines announced that an airlift operation will be launched to bring home 167 Filipinos working in Macau.[16]
Second wave
editOn 15 March, the city registered a new COVID-19 case imported from Portugal, the first new case in over a month. The patient is a Korean migrant worker who visited her boyfriend's family in the city of Porto. The woman departed Macau on January 30. She flew back to Hong Kong from Dubai on March 13 on flight number EK380, taking seat 31J. She returned to Macau on the same day via the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge. Later in the day she started experiencing coughing and went to the hospital on Sunday afternoon, March 15, with a fever.[17]
On 17 March, two new cases were reported. The first patient, a 47-year-old male, is a Spanish national doing business in Macau; he took the SU2501 flight from Madrid to Moscow on March 15, and then the SU204 flight from Moscow to Beijing. On 16 March, he took the NX001 flight from Beijing to Macau, arriving at Macau Airport at 8:00 pm of the same day. The second patient is a 20-year-old woman, a Macau resident who was studying in the United Kingdom. The patient left London and arrived at the Hong Kong International Airport via Kuala Lumpur on the night of March 16. Upon arrival at the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, she was detected to have a fever and was immediately taken to the hospital. Further testing revealed she was infected with the novel coronavirus.[18]
On 19 March, the Education and Youth Affairs Bureau announced the re-postponement of its plans to resume primary and secondary education as a response to the second wave of COVID-19 cases beginning with the 11th case.[19] This is after the bureau's class resumption plans starting on 30 March, announced on 11 March.[20]
On 27 March, the government of neighbouring Zhuhai announced that anyone returning or travelling from outside Mainland China (including Macau and Hong Kong) would undergo mandatory 14-day quarantine with a few exceptions.[21] This caused large crowds and chaos at the Lotus Checkpoint in Cotai, which was the only border checkpoint open at the time.[citation needed]
On 19 June, 300 Filipinos who were living in Macau were airlifted in an operation headed by the Philippine Consulate General in Macau.[22]
Subsequent waves
editSee #2021
Response and impact
editOverall, Macau was among the safest places in the world during the COVID-19 pandemic, with relatively few infections and a large array of medical, social, and financial response measures.[23]: 298
December 2019
editOn 31 December 2019, the Health Bureau was notified by the National Health Commission of an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan. Residents were asked to avoid excessive panic but to be conscious of personal hygiene and the hygiene of their environment. Those travelling to Wuhan were advised to avoid visiting local hospitals or having contact with sick people.[24]
January 2020
editOn 1 January 2020, the Macao Health Bureau asked Macau International Airport to implement body temperature screening for all passengers on flights coming from Wuhan.[25] Starting 5 January, the Health Bureau raised the pneumonia warning level to 3, medium risk, and on the same day established the "Interdepartmental Working Group Against Pneumonia of Unknown Cause" (應對不明原因肺炎跨部門工作小組).[26]
Starting 10 January, people bought large quantities of masks, leading to shortages in some pharmacies. Macao Daily News reported that, according to the Health Bureau, the city's supply of masks was sufficient.[27] On the day that the first case in Macau was confirmed, the Health Bureau announced at a press conference the imposition of rationing starting in the evening of 23 January: Macau residents and foreign workers could use Macau Resident Identity Cards and foreign worker identity cards respectively to purchase up to 10 masks per person every 10 days. Director of the Health Bureau Lei Chin Ion (李展潤) said that out of 294 pharmacies in Macau, 160 did not have masks and that out of eight mask suppliers, one had 150,000 masks remaining in stock whereas the others were out of stock.[28]
On 21 January, Chief Executive Ho Iat Seng ordered the establishment of a 24-hour "Novel Coronavirus Emergency Coordination Center", replacing the "Interdepartmental Working Group Against Pneumonia of Unknown Cause", to operate directly under the chief executive, with Secretary for Social Affairs and Culture as vice chair.[29][30] In response to the city's first imported case, steps were taken, including: border control points implemented health declarations,[31] resort workers had to wear masks, Macau residents were not encouraged to travel to Wuhan, and tour groups between Wuhan and Macau were suspended.[32][33]
On 23 January, Macau confirmed its second imported case, leading the Government Tourism Office to cancel all Chinese New Year celebrations, including the Macau Chinese New Year Parade.[34] On the same day, Ho Iat Seng announced that anyone with fever symptoms should not leave Macau. On January 23, Ho Iat Seng announced that Macau had ordered 20 million masks to sell to Macau residents and foreign workers at cost.[35] The Correctional Services Authority announced precautions against the virus.[36]
On 24 January, the Education and Youth Affairs Bureau announced that all non-tertiary schools would extend their Chinese New Year holiday, not resuming classes until February 10 or later. The bureau also asked other private tutoring and continuing education centers to delay the resumption of classes.[37] On the same day, the Tertiary Education Bureau also announced that ten tertiary institutions would delay classes until February 11.[38] The Sports Bureau later announced that sporting facilities would be closed from that afternoon (24 January) at 4PM.[39]
On 25 January, the government of Macau announced that the opening hours at the Portas do Cerco border crossing with Zhuhai would be reduced by three hours, to 6AM–10PM, until further notice. Opening hours at other border crossings with Zhuhai and Hong Kong would not be affected for the time being.[40] On the same day, the Macau government announced that they would donate 50,000 urgently needed medical masks to the city of Zhuhai, to be used for the prevention and treatment of the virus.[41]
On 26 January, the government announced that starting on the 27th, all non-residents who were from or had been to Hubei in the past 14 days were required to have a doctor's note certifying that they did not have the virus in order to be allowed into Macau. In addition, anyone who had been to Hubei in the past 14 days was prohibited from entering casinos.[42] That evening the government of Macau announced that starting at 9AM on the 27th, the 1,113 travellers from Hubei who had entered Macau between 1 December and 26 January and remained in the territory would be quarantined.[43]
On 28 January, Secretary for Administration and Justice Cheong Weng Chon (張永春) said that in accordance with the decision of the central government, endorsements for mainland Chinese visitors to Macau would be suspended.[44]
On 30 January, the Tertiary Education Bureau announced that the resumption of classes would be delayed further, and that a schedule for resuming classes would be released one week before classes were to resume.[45]
February 2020
edit
On 3 February, the government of Macau announced that starting at noon, all bus and taxi passengers were required to wear masks; otherwise the driver would have the right to refuse boarding.[46][47] Starting at 13:00, all light rail passengers were required to wear a mask; otherwise the driver would have the right to refuse boarding.[48]
On 4 February 2020, all casinos in Macau were ordered to shut down for 15 days.[49][50] The following facilities were also required to close: cinemas, theatres, indoor amusement parks, arcades, internet cafes, pool halls, bowling alleys, steam baths, massage parlours, beauty salons, gyms, health clubs, bars, karaoke bars, nightclubs, discos, and dance clubs.[51]
On 7 February, the government of Macau announced that government workers were to stay home from the 8th to the 16th, except for emergency services.[52]
On 11 February, at the daily press conference, the government announced the third face mask safeguarding plan and provided masks for children for the first time, but due to limited quantities, each child was only permitted to buy five.[53] The government also announced that testing would begin for groups at high risk of infection, and that the highest-risk group was tour bus drivers, of which 103 were to be tested that day.[54]
On 13 February the government announced economic relief measures, including: (1) reduction of taxes and fees to relieve the burden on businesses and residents; (2) assistance to small and medium enterprises and interest subsidies, to support the continued existence of enterprises; (3) measures to enhance people's livelihoods and support vulnerable families; (4) technical training, providing work, and protecting wages; (5) putting out electronic coupons to accelerate economic recovery.[55] The government also announced that it would cooperate with a local research team in Macau to establish production lines in the mainland and safeguard the supply of face masks.[56]
On 14 February, the government announced that, after balancing epidemic prevention with citizens' need for public services, starting 17 February, basic public services would be restored.[57]
On 17 February, the government announced that effective 20 February, casinos could reopen but other entertainment facilities such as cinemas and bars were to remain closed. The government also announced that migrant workers entering Macau who had been to mainland China in the past 14 days would need to undergo 14 days of medical observation at a designated location in Zhuhai.[58] At a press conference, the Secretary for Economy and Finance Lei Wai Nong (李偉農) mentioned that when casinos reopened, they would have to follow government measures in order to protect employee and guest safety. If casinos were unable to prepare adequately for reopening, they could apply to delay reopening for up to 30 days.[59]
On 18 February, due to the global face mask shortage, the government began providing masks with ties instead of ear straps.[60]
On 19 February, the government announced that effective 20 February, passengers coming from COVID-19 hotspots would need to undergo medical checks upon entering Macau. Medical checks might also be conducted on Macau residents who made multiple trips back and forth to Zhuhai every day. It was also announced that some parks would reopen and government broadcasts would be adjusted.[61]
All casinos reopened on 20 February 2020,[62] but visitor numbers remained low due to the pandemic, with hotels at less than 12% occupancy at the end of February.[63] Macau's casinos suffered a year-on-year revenue drop of 88% during February 2020, the worst ever recorded.[63]
Starting on 20 February, the government of Macau restricted entry from mainland China.[64]
On 21 February, the government announced that the following week, 24–28 February, the public sector would still provide basic services.[65] The fourth face mask safeguarding plan would begin the following day, 22 February.[66]
On 25 February, the Health Bureau announced that people entering Macau who had been to South Korea in the past 14 days would be required to undergo 14 days of medical observation.[67] The Maritime and Water Bureau announced that the opening hours of the Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal and Taipa Ferry Terminal would be changed to 07:00–20:00 until further notice.[68]
On 27 February,[69] the other venues that had been closed on 5 February along with the casinos were permitted to reopen. However, the government of Macau recommended that they implement epidemic control measures; if an outbreak occurred in such a place, they would require site control measures in accordance with Article 19 of the Infectious Disease Prevention Law.[70] The government of Macau announced that effective 2 March, public services would return to normal.[71] Private tutoring and continuing education institutions that meet health guidelines could also resume operations.[72] The Education Bureau announced that, subject to the conditions that Macau and Guangdong Province had no new confirmed cases for 14 consecutive days and Macau schools did not resume classes before Zhuhai and Zhongshan, it would be possible to announce the resumption of classes at non-tertiary schools.[73] The Correctional Services Authority announced that visiting services would partially resume on 4 March.[74]
On 29 February, it was announced that passengers who had been to Italy or Iran in the past 14 days would need to undergo 14 days of medical observation in isolation. Macau residents would be permitted to undergo medical observation at a home location deemed appropriate by authorities.[75]
March 2020
editOn 2 March, many branches of the Macao Public Library reopened (with certain areas such as the multimedia rooms and children's reading areas remaining closed), and with the buildings receiving twice-daily "Cleaning and Disinfection Periods".[76]
On 8 March, it was announced that starting at noon the same day, people entering Macau who had been to Germany, France, Spain, or Japan in the past 14 days would need to undergo a health check. In addition, starting 10 March at noon, passengers coming from those locations would need to undergo 14 days of isolation and medical observation at a designated location. Macau residents would be permitted to undergo medical observation at an approved home location.[77] The Tertiary Education Bureau announced measures to help students from Macau studying abroad to purchase face masks.[78]
On 9 March, the Sports Bureau announced that sports facilities under its authority had gradually resumed opening starting 2 March, and that other facilities would be able to gradually resume opening starting 11 March. These facilities had been closed since 24 January.[79] The Blood Donation Centre announced the suspension of blood donation by at-risk individuals for 28 days.[80]
On 13 March, the Education and Youth Affairs Bureau announced a contingency plan for resuming classes in stages, with different grades gradually going back to school on different dates from 30 March and 4 May.[81]
On 14 March, it was announced that people entering Macau who had been to the COVID-19 hotspots of the Schengen Area, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Russia, Brazil, Egypt, Australia, or New Zealand in the past 14 days would be required to undergo medical observation at a designated location.[82][83] The Tertiary Education Bureau announced that some classes meeting certain conditions would be allowed to resume on 1 April.[84] In addition, it was announced that students returning to Macau from abroad would have to undergo 14 days of medical observation at home and a nucleic acid test.[85]
On 15 March, it was announced that New Zealand is not considered a COVID-19 hotspot.[86] The Tourism Bureau announced that from 17 March to 22 March the government would arrange transportation from Hong Kong International Airport for Macau residents and students coming from European countries to bring them to a designated location for 14 days of medical observation.[87]
On 16 March, it was announced that starting 17 March at midnight (00:00), people arriving in Macau from any countries outside China (meaning mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan) would have to undergo 14 days of medical observation at a designated location. The Tourism Bureau announced that transportation from Hong Kong International Airport to a designated location would be arranged for Macau residents and students coming from the United States as well as European countries.[88]
Effective 18 March, the government banned entry of all non-residents, with exceptions for mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan.[89]
On 18 March, the Tourism Bureau announced that from 19 March to 31 March, transportation from Hong Kong International Airport would take Macau residents and students coming from all countries to designated locations for medical observation.[citation needed]
On 19 March, the plan for resuming classes in stages was cancelled.[90]
On 24 March, the chief executive announced that starting 25 March, connecting flights would no longer be permitted at Macau International Airport; any residents of Hong Kong, Taiwan, or mainland China who had been to other countries in the previous 14 days were prohibited from entering Macau; and Macau residents who had been to Hong Kong, Taiwan, or other countries in the past 14 days would be required to undergo 14 days of medical observation at a designated location.[91]
On 25 March, the Health Bureau expanded restrictions on blood donations.[92]
April 2020
editOn 4 April, the government of Macau followed the Chinese central government in holding a day of mourning throughout Macau. Chinese flags and Macau flags were to be flown at half mast, and public entertainment and celebrations or festive events were to stop. Starting at 10 AM that day, Macau would observe a three-minute moment of silence.[93]
Effective 6 April, the government suspended bus links over the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge, only allowing dual licence (HK/Macau) and freight vehicles to use the bridge.[94]
On 8 April, the Secretary for Economy and Finance announced that 10 billion patacas would be put into an anti-epidemic assistance fund to help residents and businesses.[95]
On 20 April, the Education and Youth Affairs Bureau introduced a child mask plan to provide masks to children starting school.[96]
On 25 April, the Education and Youth Affairs Bureau announced a testing plan for non-tertiary teachers and cross-border students, starting with testing 5,000 secondary school teachers.[97]
On 28 April, the Marine and Water Bureau announced that starting April 29 at midnight (00:00), fishers returning to Macau would need to quarantine for 14 days on the fishing boat or at a hotel. Fishers who had already returned to Macau would be tested.[98]
May 2020
editOn 1 May, the health bureau introduced the Macau health code, which was to start being used on May 3 at 9:00. The health code is an upgraded version of a personal health declaration, which would replace the health declarations being used at border crossings. For the time being, it would only apply to entering Macau and entering local places.[99]
On 2 May, it was agreed to resume regular hours of operation at Portas do Cerco and the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge.[100]
2021
editOn 21 January, the health bureau announced a new imported case, ending Macau's streak of 200 days without a single COVID-19 case. The case was a 43-year-old female who had been to Dubai, Singapore, and Tokyo. She was asymptomatic.[101]
On 16 May, the Novel Coronavirus Response and Coordination Centre confirmed a new case of imported infection, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 50.[102]
On 24 May, Macau confirmed its 51st case of COVID-19; it was later announced on 26 May that the patient carried the Delta variant, making it the first case of the variant in the city.[103] On 5 August, Macau authorities ordered entertainment and leisure venues (except casinos) closed after four local family members were infected with the Delta variant. The cluster of local cases was the territory's first in over a year. After a mandatory mass testing campaign rolled out in response to those cases, no other cases were found, and those venues that were closed would be allowed to reopen from 18 August.[104] In October 2021, parts of Macau were locked down after four construction workers tested positive for COVID-19.[105]
2022
editOn 20 April, Macau's Novel Coronavirus Response and Coordination Centre relaxed the validity period on negative COVID-19 tests for people entering from Zhuhai from 24 hours to 48 hours.[106]
On 25 April, the negative test validity period was also extended for people entering from the Guangdong Province.[107]
On 19 June, health officials in Macau announced that it had found dozens of positive cases of COVID-19 in an unprecedented outbreak. Driven by the Omicron BA.5.1 subvariant, the COVID-19 outbreak was the city's first since October 2021. While the exact source of the virus that seeded the outbreak the prior month is still unknown, it was reported that those cases were traced to a prison worker and a butcher who frequently travelled between the casino hub and the neighbouring Chinese city of Zhuhai.[108]
The discovery of these cases prompted the government to institute movement restrictions akin to mainland China's Zero-COVID policy. These restrictions, imposed on 23 June, included the closure of schools, entertainment venues, public dining, and other non-essential businesses; the closure of the city's border with mainland China; a three-day mandatory mass testing program for its entire population; and asking residents to stay home. While it did not close its iconic casinos—by far the biggest source of revenue for the city—shares of Macau's casino operators fell on 20 June on fears that COVID-19 restrictions would negatively impact the casinos' revenues in the near term.[6] On 21 June, Macau authorities locked down a hotel and casino resort with 700 people inside because of a COVID-19 outbreak in the complex. The lockdown, which barred entry to or exit from the property, was enforced by police officers wearing protective equipment.[109]
On 4 July, Macau reported its first two deaths from COVID-19, becoming one of the last regions in the world to report their first deaths from the virus. The deaths consisted of a 94-year-old and a 100-year-old, both of whom died the previous day and had underlying medical conditions.[108]
On 9 July, Macau authorities ordered harsher movement restrictions as the outbreak grew. Effective 11 July, all businesses—excluding essential services such as supermarkets—must shut down, and residents cannot leave their homes except for essential activities or jobs. Everyone outside their homes must wear masks, but adults must wear N95 (or equivalent) masks.[110] This lockdown marked the second time Macau shut all its casinos amid the pandemic, the first being in February 2020.[111]
The lockdown measures, which had been set to expire on 18 July, were extended until 22 July.[112] As new cases continued to decline from their peak in late June, Macau officials announced on 20 July that casinos and some other essential businesses would be allowed to reopen at limited capacity effective 23 July.[113] From 24 July, all Macau residents were ordered to self-test for COVID-19 and report their test results to the government each day through July 31 in an attempt to keep new COVID-19 cases at a near-zero level.[114]
After recording no new local cases of COVID-19 for nine consecutive days and over 14 rounds of mass testing, Macau officials announced on 1 August that dining at restaurants and bars, fitness centres, salons, and entertainment venues would be allowed to reopen effective 2 August. However, patrons would be required to show a negative nucleic acid COVID-19 test taken within the past 72 hours as a condition for entry to those businesses.[115] Quarantine-free travel from Zhuhai to Macau also resumed on August 3 at 6 p.m. local time, but travellers must provide a negative nucleic acid test taken within the past 24 hours and take two additional tests during the first three days of arrival.[116] The news of the reopening came as Macau's Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau reported that casinos raked in 398 million patacas (US$49 million) in July, a 95% drop year-over-year and the smallest revenue earned since record-keeping began in 2009.[117]
More than three months after reporting its last new COVID-19 case, on October 30, Macau ordered MGM China's Cotai casino resort closed after several cases were detected in the property. The 1,500 people who were there were ordered to stay inside until November 1. In addition, the territory mandated daily rapid antigen testing through November 1 and a PCR test on the last day for the entire population. The same day, China's National Immigration Administration reopened electronic visa applications for mainland residents who wish to travel to Macau after two and a half years.[118]
2023
editAt a press conference on 5 January 2023, the Macau Health Bureau director Alvis Lo Iek Long stated that COVID-19 has become an endemic disease in Macau, and announced the cancellation of almost all entry curbs and measures. The statement follows a transition period that began on 8 December 2022 with the gradual easing of transmission curbs.[8][9]
Controversies
editFree medical treatment for patients from mainland China
editAt a press conference in February 2020, Ho Iat Seng welcomed mainland Chinese people to make use of Macau's free medical service. This created controversy online, with users worrying that people from the mainland would come to Macau and spread the virus. Afterwards, Secretary for Administration and Justice Cheong Weng Chon (張永春) said that any patients from outside Macau who had COVID-19 would need to pay their own medical bills; they would be able to apply for a fee waiver, and the government would make a decision based on their financial situation and effects on the public.[119] The first recovered patient[120] was a businesswoman from Wuhan. The Health Bureau stated that medical fees for people from outside Macau were double the fees for locals. The patient had applied to waive 34,000 patacas in medical fees. Internet users investigated and said that in the photos of her leaving the hospital, a handbag could be seen worth 20,000 patacas, and that the hotel she stayed at was more than 1000 patacas a night, concluding that she could afford the medical fees. This created a significant controversy. The bureau said they would make a determination in accordance with the law.[121]
While in the hospital, the first confirmed patient requested hot dry noodles, a dish from Wuhan, so the hospital specially arranged a Hubei chef. When leaving the hospital there were more expenses, causing locals to envy the patient's "five-star service". This caused controversy on the internet in both Macau and Hong Kong. The director of Conde S. Januário Hospital Lei Wai Seng (李偉成) said that the hospital's goal is not to provide special meals to patients, but rather that nutrition is important for a patient's recovery; an inadequate nutrition would hinder recovery. He emphasised that all patients are treated equally with respect to meals, and that the cost of meals is included in the hospital bill.[122]
Closing the border
editWhen Guangdong became the province with the second-most cases in China, Macau still had tens of thousands of people going to and from Zhuhai every day. Many people asked for the border to be closed, but the government repeatedly said that a complete closure was not possible. Ho Iat Seng said, "If we closed all the ports of entry, who would remove the trash? Who would handle security? How would we get fresh produce? These are the issues we're thinking about."[123][124]
Closing parks
editIn February 2020, in order to prevent spread of the virus, the government announced that all country parks and municipal parks would be closed, to avoid crowds and reduce the risk of infection. Some residents were unhappy with this, feeling that the risk of transmission in the suburbs was very low, and that staying at home for a long time without going outside to exercise would increase the risk of other diseases.[125] The Center for Disease Control and Prevention said that railings and similar could become a mode of transmission, that it's difficult to wear a mask when exercising, and that it's easy to end up starting a conversation if you run into a friend; these could all increase the risk of transmitting the virus. The government decided to close public recreation facilities in order to avoid community transmission.[126]
On 17 February, the government announced that casinos would reopen starting 20 February, but at the same time warned that the epidemic remained serious and advised residents to stay home and avoid going out. In addition, public parks and other public facilities would remain closed. In response, some residents questioned whether these measures and recommendations were contradictory, saying sarcastically that the government doesn't let people go to the park to exercise but does let them go to the casino to gamble.[127] The government responded that after an evaluation, the decision to reopen casinos was made to balance the needs of epidemic prevention and local workers' employment. When the casinos reopened, epidemic prevention measures would be required to protect the health of employees and guests.[128] In addition, the government announced on 19 February that some parks would reopen.[61]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Macao Government Special webpage against Epidemics". Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Macau. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
- ^ Active cases = confirmed cases - recoveries - deaths.
- ^ Keegan, Matthew (24 March 2020). "Lessons From Macau, the Densely Populated Region Beating Back COVID-19". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
- ^ Lou, Loretta (26 March 2021). "Casino capitalism in the era of COVID-19: examining Macau's pandemic response". Social Transformations in Chinese Societies. 17 (2): 69–79. doi:10.1108/STICS-09-2020-0025. S2CID 233650925. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ^ "Macau begins 11th round of mass testing in worst COVID outbreak". Reuters. 18 July 2022.
- ^ a b "Macau shuts most businesses amid COVID outbreak, casinos stay open". Reuters. 21 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
- ^ "Palavras-chave sobre a pandemia da COVID-19 新冠疫情關鍵詞（一）抗疫工具及政策篇". 澳門理工大學 中葡英機器翻譯聯合實驗室.
- ^ a b "20 COVID-19 fatalities in 3 days, official death toll rises to 83".
- ^ a b "Hong Kong may shift Covid's status from 'pandemic' to 'endemic': What it means". 10 January 2023.
- ^ 澳門確診第2宗武漢肺炎 患者為66歲男遊客. on.cc (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 23 January 2020. Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ "Government confirms 5 cases of coronavirus so far in Macau". Macau News. 26 January 2020. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
- ^ "Macau IRs close facilities as confirmed Coronavirus cases reach seven". Inside Asian Gaming. 28 January 2020. Archived from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ^ "15-year-old Wuhan boy confirmed as the sixth coronavirus case in Macau". Macau News. 27 January 2020. Archived from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ^ "Macau confirms 7th Wuhan virus case in a deserted city". Macau News. 28 January 2020. Archived from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ^ "No more COVID-19 cases in Macau". Macau News. 6 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
- ^ Modesto, Catherine A. (7 March 2020). "163 stranded Filipinos from Macau arrive home". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
- ^ "Macau records its 11th case of COVID-19 | Macau News". Macaunews.mo. 16 March 2020. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ "電台新聞>本澳今日確診2宗新冠肺炎(2020.03.17 19:47)". Tdm.com.mo. 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ Education and Youth Affairs Bureau (19 March 2020). "Class resumption for non-tertiary education schools will be postponed until further notice". news.gov.mo. Government Information Bureau.
- ^ Education and Youth Affairs Bureau (11 March 2020). "DSEJ formulates a plan for class resumption of non-tertiary education schools". news.gov.mo. Government Information Bureau.
- ^ Government Information Bureau (27 March 2020). 【圖文包】出入境豁免情況和出入境特別手續. news.gov.mo (in Chinese). Government Information Bureau. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ "Over 300 Filipinos returned home on Thursday". 18 June 2020. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ Simpson, Tim (2023). Betting on Macau: Casino Capitalism and China's Consumer Revolution. Globalization and Community series. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-5179-0031-1.
- ^ 衛生局接國家衛健委通報武漢不明原因肺炎 已有機制監測及應對市民毋須過分恐慌 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). SSM (Macao Health Bureau). 31 December 2019. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020.
- ^ Health Bureau (1 January 2020). 今天起對來自武漢航班乘客進行體温篩查 衛生局與國家衛生健康委員保持密切聯繫. news.gov.mo (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Government Information Bureau. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
- ^ 特區政府提昇對"武漢不明原因肺炎"的預警級別至第III級(較重) 衛生局呼籲市民提高防範意識. SSM (Macao Health Bureau). 5 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- ^ 口罩充足毋恐慌 應對肺炎及早防. 澳门日报 (in Chinese). 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020.
- ^ 衛生局將推出保障口罩供應澳門居民計劃 確保居民可購買到所需口罩. 新型冠狀病毒感染應變協調中心 (in Chinese). 22 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020.
- ^ 特區政府提昇對"武漢不明原因肺炎"的預警級別至第III級(較重) 衛生局呼籲市民提高防範意識. SSM (Macao Health Bureau). 21 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
- ^ 印務局 - 行政長官批示. bo.io.gov.mo (in Traditional Chinese). 印務局. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ 【武漢肺炎】澳門所有口岸實施健康申報 乘金巴入境須填表. 星島日報. 22 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ 新型冠狀病毒感染應變協調中心 (22 January 2020). 政府全力應對加強防控疫情. 澳門特別行政區政府入口網站 (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 24 January 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ 澳門11日無確診 何栢良：控疫勝港 稱找出湖北客關鍵 早切斷隱形傳播鏈. 明報. 17 February 2020. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
- ^ 政府取消新春大型公眾活動 降低傳染病傳播風險. 澳門新聞局. 23 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020.
- ^ 行政長官：加強防控 安度春節. 澳門新聞局. 23 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020.
- ^ 懲教管理局 (23 January 2020). 懲教管理局實施預防新型冠狀病毒的措施 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ^ 【武漢肺炎】澳門宣佈中小學新年假後延期上課 籲校安排學生留家學習. 蘋果日報. 24 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ 澳門十高校延後至2月11日開學-高等教育局. dses.gov.mo. 24 January 2020. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
- ^ 體育局 (24 January 2020). 體育局轄下體育設施今午四時起暫停開放 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 10 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ^ 澳門宣布關閘拱北口岸人車通關時間縮短3小時. 香港電台 (in Chinese). 25 January 2020. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
- ^ 拱北海关快速验放澳门捐赠珠海5万个医用口罩. 新华网. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
- ^ 限制入境澳門前14日內曾到湖北省人士進入娛樂場. 博彩監察協調局. 27 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020.
- ^ 治安警積極配合特區政府防疫工作. 治安警察局. 27 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020.
- ^ 国家移民管理局暂停办理内地居民往来港澳地区旅游签注. 国家移民管理局 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Archived from the original on 7 February 2020.
- ^ 本澳所有大專、非高等教育機構及私立補充教學輔助中心延遲開課至另行公佈. dses.gov.mo. 30 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
- ^ 澳門特別行政區政府交通事務局 (3 February 2020). 乘客須佩戴口罩方可乘搭巴士 (in Chinese (Macau)). Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ 澳門特別行政區政府交通事務局 (3 February 2020). 乘客須佩戴口罩方可乘搭的士 (in Chinese (Macau)). Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (3 February 2020). NEWS.GOV.MO: －記者會快訊（防疫措施）－. news.gov.mo (in Traditional Chinese). 新聞局. Archived from the original on 9 February 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
- ^ Stevenson, Alexandra (4 February 2020). "Coronavirus Shuts Macau, the World's Gambling Capital". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ Yang, Joyu Wang and Jing (4 February 2020). "Coronavirus: Bad Luck Hits Macau Casinos With 15-Day Shutdown". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ 行政長官 賀一誠 (4 February 2020). 印務局 - 行政長官批示. bo.io.gov.mo (in Traditional Chinese). 印務局. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (7 February 2020). NEWS.GOV.MO: 公務人員因防疫需要8至16號免除上班. news.gov.mo (in Traditional Chinese). 新聞局. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (11 February 2020). 明天起有兒童口罩供應 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (11 February 2020). －記者會快訊（擴大檢測範圍 安排旅遊巴司機檢測）－ (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
- ^ 經濟財政司司長辦公室 (13 February 2020). 紓解民困、共渡時艱 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ 新型冠狀病毒感染應變協調中心 (13 February 2020). 特區政府推多項經濟援助措施 抗疫工作初見成效 呼籲市民堅持防疫勿鬆懈 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ^ 行政法務司司長辦公室 (14 February 2020). 公共部門下周一起僅維持基本服務 – 澳門特別行政區政府入口網站 (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ 印務局 - 行政長官批示. bo.io.gov.mo (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (17 February 2020). 李偉農：慎重處理娛樂場重開的後續工作 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (18 February 2020). －記者會快訊（綁帶式或掛耳式口罩的防護效能相同）－ (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
- ^ a b 新聞局 (19 February 2020). －記者會快訊（政府調整防疫措施）－ (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
- ^ "Gamblers hedge their bets as Macau casinos reopen to small crowds". South China Morning Post. 20 February 2020. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
- ^ a b Sullivan, Lewis. "Macau's gaming revenue fell 88 percent in February". Casino Review. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ "Macau considering easing of entry restrictions from mainland China". IAG. 11 March 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (21 February 2020). 公共部門下周繼續維持基本服務 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (21 February 2020). －記者會快訊（第四輪保障口罩供應計劃明展開）－ (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
- ^ NEWS.GOV.MO: 自明（26）日中午起曾到韓國的人士 需接受14天的隔離醫學觀察. news.gov.mo (in Traditional Chinese). 25 February 2020. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ 海事及水務局 (25 February 2020). NEWS.GOV.MO: 外港與氹仔客運碼頭調整開放時間. news.gov.mo (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ 印務局 - 行政長官批示. bo.io.gov.mo. 27 February 2020. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (27 February 2020). －記者會快訊（將解除美容院等場所的關閉令）－ (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (27 February 2020). 公共部門下周一起恢復正常辦公 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (27 February 2020). －記者會快訊（補習社等於3月2日起分批分階段恢復運作）－ (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (27 February 2020). －記者會快訊（訂定非高等教育復課日的原則）－ (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
- ^ 懲教管理局 (28 February 2020). 懲教管理局3月4日起局部恢復探訪服務 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
- ^ 新型冠狀病毒感染應變協調中心 (29 February 2020). 自今（29）日中午起曾到意大利或伊朗的入境人士須接受14天的隔離醫學觀察 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
- ^ "Library Opening Notice". library.gov.mo. 29 February 2020. Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
- ^ 新型冠狀病毒感染應變協調中心 (8 March 2020). 本澳分別自今日及下周二中午起對曾到德國、法國、西班牙或日本的入境人士採取醫學檢查及14天隔離醫學觀察 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
- ^ 高等教育局 (8 March 2020). 在外地就讀的澳門大學生可透過口罩保障計劃購買口罩 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ 體育局 (9 March 2020). 體育局"公共體育設施網絡"內各體育設施3月11日重新對外開放安排 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 10 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
- ^ 捐血中心應對"新型冠狀病毒肺炎"的最新措施 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. 9 March 2020. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ 新型冠狀病毒感染應變協調中心 (13 March 2020). 特區政府呼籲市民如非必要勿外遊 公佈非高等教育的分階段復課預案 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- ^ 新型冠狀病毒感染應變協調中心 (14 March 2020). 記者會快訊（多個國家或地區被新增列入高發地區） (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 30 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ 30高危國家返澳門人士須隔離14天 高等院校下月1日復課. on.cc东网 (in Traditional Chinese). 14 March 2020. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ 新型冠狀病毒感染應變協調中心 (14 March 2020). 海外返澳學生須接受家居醫學觀察 應變協調中心呼籲嚴格遵守衛生指引 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ 新型冠狀病毒感染應變協調中心 (14 March 2020). 記者會快訊（海外回澳學生須接受14天家居醫學觀察） (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (15 March 2020). 記者會快訊 (,新西蘭不被列入高發地區) (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (15 March 2020). 記者會快訊（接載從歐洲神根地區返香港的本澳歐洲留學生及外遊歐洲的澳門居民安排） (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ 新型冠狀病毒感染應變協調中心 (16 March 2020). 明日零時起本澳對中國以外國家或地區入境人士實施醫學觀察措施 呼籲入境人士入境如實申報 居民如非必要勿外遊 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
- ^ "Health Alert: U.S. Consulate General Hong Kong and Macau (18 March 2020)". U.S. Consulate General Hong Kong & Macau. 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 7 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
- ^ 教育暨青年局 (19 March 2020). 非高等教育學校延期復課至另行再公布 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (24 March 2020). －行政長官記者會快訊（明起禁止入境前14天內曾到外國的非澳門居民入境）－ (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- ^ 捐血中心應對新型冠狀病毒肺炎的最新措施和呼籲捐血 (in Traditional Chinese). Government of Macao. 25 March 2020. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
- ^ 疫情下內地明日全國哀悼 澳門將下半旗致哀. stheadline.com (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
- ^ "Hong Kong-Macau delta bridge bus link suspended over COVID-19 threat (Update)". Macao News. 5 April 2020. Archived from the original on 6 May 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "澳门斥资百亿设抗疫基金：保就业 稳经济 顾民生" (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
- ^ 教育暨青年局 (20 April 2020). "中央登記幼兒口罩計劃－先登記、後領取、齊準備". 澳門特別行政區政府入口網站 (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 20 April 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (26 April 2020). "-記者會快訊 (教職工和學生核酸檢測計劃內容)-". 澳門特別行政區政府入口網站 (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 27 April 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ "電台新聞>明起返澳漁民需醫學觀察隔離14天(2020.04.28 13:10)". www.tdm.com.mo. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ^ "電台新聞>澳門健康碼後日起投入使用 以顏色識別進入場所(2020.05.01 17:35)". www.tdm.com.mo (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
- ^ 中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區海關（SA） (2 May 2020). "關閘及港珠澳大橋口岸由5月3日起恢復正常通關時間". 澳門特別行政區政府入口網站 (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 13 September 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "Macau registers first COVID-19 case since June in returning flight passenger". IAG. 21 January 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "NEWS GOV-MO: Macao confirms 50th COVID-19 case, involving imported infection". NEWS GOV-MO. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "NEWS GOV-MO: Important to speed up Macao's rate of vaccination against COVID-19, as city identifies first 'Indian variant' case". NEWS GOV-MO. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "Macau to Reopen Leisure Venues After Two-Week Covid Closure". Bloomberg.com. 16 August 2021.
- ^ "Macau health authorities ready to lift local lockdown zones". 15 October 2021.
- ^ "Macau eases COVID-19 testing requirement for arrivals from Zhuhai to 48 hours". Inside Asian Gaming. 20 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- ^ "Macau further eases Zhuhai border restrictions". Inside Asian Gaming. 25 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- ^ a b "A city of 650,000 had zero COVID deaths until Omicron BA.5". Fortune.com. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "Macau hotel locked down after COVID case, 700 people to be quarantined-media". Reuters. 21 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
- ^ "Macao to shutter casinos for a week in COVID-19 outbreak". Associated Press. 10 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "Macao streets empty after casinos shut to fight outbreak". Associated Press. 11 July 2022.
- ^ "Macau to extend city lockdown, casino closure until Friday". Reuters. 16 July 2022.
- ^ "Macau to reopen casinos Saturday in gradual easing of COVID curbs". Reuters. 20 July 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ "Macau Residents Ordered to Test Daily for Covid for a Week". Bloomberg News. 24 July 2022.
- ^ "China's gambling hub Macao to ease Covid-19 restrictions". CNN. August 2022.
- ^ "China Reopens Border With Macau After Six Weeks as Cases Ebb". Bloomberg News. 3 August 2022.
- ^ "Macau to Reopen After Covid Outbreak with Gaming Revenue at Record Low". Bloomberg News. 1 August 2022.
- ^ "Macau reimposes COVID curbs as China loosens visa rules for gambling hub". Reuters. 31 October 2022.
- ^ "衛局：不獲批追收鄂婦治療費". 澳門日報. 7 February 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020.
- ^ 衞生局 (3 March 2020). "澳門首例確診病人今日康復出院 無新增新型冠狀病毒肺炎確診病例". 澳門特別行政區政府入口網站 (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (7 February 2020). "NEWS.GOV.MO: —記者會快訊（有關珠海新確診病例在澳期間的情況）—". news.gov.mo (in Traditional Chinese). 新聞局. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
- ^ "山頂「星級服務」惹市民眼紅 李偉成︰任何病人膳食一視同仁". aamacau. 7 February 2020. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020.
- ^ "當斷不斷 反受其亂 防控疫戰 封關制勝". 訊報. 7 February 2020. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020.
- ^ "賀一誠：澳門不會封關 目前經濟損失仍可承擔". AASTOCKS.COM. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ "【來論】希望抗疫期間，留市民一片郊野" (in Traditional Chinese). 8 February 2020. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ^ 新聞局 (8 February 2020). "NEWS.GOV.MO: —記者會快訊（關閉公共休憩設施）—" (in Traditional Chinese). 澳門特別行政區政府新聞局. Archived from the original on 8 February 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ^ 防疫不能「虎頭蛇尾」 蘇嘉豪：無法接受政府「半套果斷」. 論盡媒體 AllAboutMacau Media (in Traditional Chinese). 22 February 2020. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^ 娛樂場重開：重視風險、穩定就業 [Reopening of casinos: focus on risks, stabilize employment]. 博彩監察協調局 [Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau] (in Traditional Chinese). 18 February 2020. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
.svg){kind=small}
