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COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess

(Redirected from 2020 coronavirus pandemic on Grand Princess)

See also: COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships

During the COVID-19 pandemic, former passengers of the cruise ship Grand Princess who had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were being linked to cruises they had taken on the ship while it traveled between California, Mexico, and Hawaii. After the first confirmed death on 4 March 2020, Grand Princess was rerouted to the San Francisco Bay Area, where it was anchored offshore while test kits were airlifted to the ship. Preliminary testing found 21 positive cases, and the ship later docked in Oakland on 9 March 2020, with over 3,000 people entering quarantine.

COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess
Grand Princess in Split, Croatia in October 2011
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
LocationPacific Ocean
First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China
Index caseGrand Princess
Arrival date6 March 2020 (4 years, 8 months and 6 days)[a]
Confirmed cases122[b]
Deaths
7[c]

As of 28 April 2020, at least 122[b] people who were on Grand Princess when it was rerouted are known to have tested positive for the virus, and 7 people have died.

Timeline

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California National Guard's 129th Rescue Wing airlifting test kits to Grand Princess
 
A member of the Maryland National Guard before transporting passengers from Grand Princess

On 4 March 2020, public health officials from Placer County, California reported that an elderly resident with underlying health conditions who had died earlier that day had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after returning from a cruise from San Francisco to Mexico and back on Grand Princess between 11 and 21 February.[3][4][5][6] This marked the first death known at the time[d] in California attributable to the virus.[9][10] The source of the new case's infection appeared to be the same as that of a resident of Sonoma County who tested positive on 2 March and who was also aboard Grand Princess on the same dates.[11][12]

Consequently, Princess Cruises, the owner and operator of Grand Princess, working with the government of California, and public health officials in San Francisco, terminated a port call in Ensenada, Mexico planned for 5 March and returned to San Francisco over concerns about the potential for an outbreak on board.[13]

After Grand Princess docked in San Francisco on 21 February, 62 passengers who had been on the previous cruise to Mexico reboarded the ship as it set sail for Hawaii, making stops at Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and Hilo (on the Big Island) between 26 and 29 February.[14][15] These passengers, who may have made been exposed to the same environment as were the Placer or Sonoma County cases during the previous cruise, were quarantined in their own on-board staterooms on 4 March after delayed recommendation by CDC.[13] In addition, eleven passengers and ten crew members were exhibiting potential symptoms, and Grand Princess was ordered by the government of California to remain offshore while the California National Guard's 129th Rescue Wing airlifted test kits by helicopter to the ship.[16][17][18]

On 5 March, Princess Cruises confirmed that there were 3,533 people on board the ship—2,422 passengers and 1,111 crew members—representing 54 nationalities in total.[19]

On 6 March, U.S. Vice President Mike Pence announced that of the 46 tests run on selected passengers and crew members on Grand Princess, 19 crew members and two passengers had tested positive, 24 had tested negative, and one test was inconclusive.[2] Pence announced at a White House Coronavirus Task Force briefing that the ship would be brought to a non-commercial port, and that everyone on the ship would be tested and quarantined as necessary.[2] On 6 March, President Trump said that, despite what experts told him about limiting the spread of the virus, he wanted those on board Grand Princess to stay on the ship so that they would not be counted as American cases, which would otherwise "double because of one ship that wasn't our fault."[20]

On 7 March, Princess Cruises confirmed that Grand Princess was still at sea roughly 50 miles (80 km) from San Francisco, and that it was scheduled to dock in Oakland on 9 March, with its passengers to be transferred to facilities on land while the crew would be quarantined and treated on board.[19][21][22][23] The United States Coast Guard had airlifted supplies, including personal protective equipment, to the ship, and had medivacked a critically ill passenger and his travel companion for treatment unrelated to the virus.[19]

On 9 March, the ship docked at the Port of Oakland and passengers started disembarking.[24] More than 3,000 people on board were to be quarantined, with passengers at land facilities and the crew on board.[25] By 22:00 that evening, 407 people had disembarked, by 10 March, 1,406 people had disembarked, and by 12 March, 2,042 people had disembarked.[19] On 16 March, Grand Princess undocked from the Port of Oakland and anchored in San Francisco Bay with 6 foreign passengers, 340 crew members, and 75 medical workers.[26]

By 25 March, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) said that, of the 1,103 passengers who elected to be tested, 103 tested positive, 699 tested negative, and the remaining results were pending.[1] Nearly two-thirds of the passengers quarantined at Travis Air Force Base refused to take the test, with some passengers stating that federal officials had discouraged them from doing so, and others admitting that they did not want to be tested because they wanted to be released from quarantine.[27]

On 7 April, Grand Princess docked at Pier 35 in San Francisco for supplies before leaving San Francisco the next evening.[26][28]

As of 20 April 2020, neither the CDC, nor the HHS appeared to have made any subsequent test results that they conducted public.[29] In addition, some passengers complained about waiting for weeks without getting test results back from CDC and HHS, and some passengers have not been tested at all even though they showed symptoms upon disembarkation, despite Vice President Pence's earlier claim that all passengers would be tested.[29][27][30]

Itinerary

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Date Arrive Depart Location Notes Ref.
City/Region Country
2020.02.11 07:00 16:00 San Francisco US Begin 10-day Mexican Riviera cruise [31][32]
2020.02.15 08:00 20:00 Puerto Vallarta Mexico [32]
2020.02.16 07:00 16:00 Manzanillo Mexico [32]
2020.02.17 08:00 18:00 Mazatlán Mexico [32]
2020.02.18 07:00 17:00 Cabo San Lucas Mexico [32]
2020.02.21 07:00 16:00 San Francisco US Begin 15-day Hawaii cruise [31][32]
2020.02.26 08:00 17:00 Kauai[e] US [32]
2020.02.27 07:00 23:00 Honolulu US [32]
2020.02.28 07:00 18:00 Maui[e] US [32]
2020.02.29 08:00 17:00 Hilo[e] US [32]
2020.03.05 16:00 20:00 Ensenada Mexico [32]
2020.03.07 07:00 16:00 San Francisco US Begin another 15-day Hawaii cruise [31][32]
2020.03.05 near California US [17]
2020.03.09 Oakland US [19]

Deaths

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Date[f] Debarked[g] Location of Death Age Gnd. Pass.
or Crew 		Notes Ref.
City/Region Country
2020.03.05 2020.02.21 Roseville[h] US elder Passenger First death known at the time[d] in California [3]
2020.03.20 2020.03.09+ Oakland US 68 M Passenger From Crowley, TX; transferred from ship to hospital[i] [34]
2020.03.21 2020.03.09+ California US 60s (early) M Passenger Transferred directly from ship to hospital [1][35]
2020.03.23 2020.03.09+ California US 60s (early) M Passenger At Travis Air Force Base before developing symptoms [1][35]
2020.03.26 2020.03.09 San Francisco[j] US 74 M Passenger From Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania[k] [36]
2020.03.27 2020.02.21 Marin County US 70s M Passenger First positive case and first death in Marin County [37]
2020.04.01 2020.03.09+[l] San Francisco[m] US Crew From the Philippines; transferred from ship to hospital [35]

A spokesperson from the Department of Health and Human Services stated that four passengers in quarantine died of the virus.[36] The table above lists four passengers who disembarked after Grand Princess docked in Oakland, but as two of them were transferred directly from the ship to the hospital, it is unclear if the spokesperson had considered those two passengers to have been "in quarantine".

Cases previously disembarked

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Passengers who tested positive for the virus but had disembarked Grand Princess before the ship was rerouted to the San Francisco Bay Area were often reported separately from the passengers that eventually disembarked at Oakland.[citation needed]

2 March

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  • California: The Sonoma County Department of Health confirmed that a former passenger of Grand Princess, on the cruise from San Francisco to Mexico, was a (presumptive) case.[38]

3 March

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  • California: Placer County officials confirmed that a former passenger of Grand Princess, also on the cruise from San Francisco to Mexico, was a (presumptive) case.[39] Officials confirmed the next day that the passenger had died.[4][5][9]

5 March

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  • Canada: Alberta: Alberta reported its first presumptive case, a woman in her 50s who lives in the Calgary area, was on board Grand Princess and returned to Alberta on 21 February.[40]
  • United States:
    • California:
      • Placer County: Officials reported an additional three presumptive positive cases, with all three having travelled on the same cruise on the same dates.[41]
      • Sonoma County: Health officials announced another positive presumptive case who was a passenger on the same cruise between 11 and 21 February.[42]
      • Sunnyvale: Department of Public Safety officers reported that they performed CPR on an unconscious 72-year-old patient who was not breathing, but were ultimately unsuccessful in reviving him.[43] After the man died, a family member informed officials that the victim had been a passenger on Grand Princess with two other people currently suspected of being infected.[43] The passenger was later determined to be negative for the virus.[44]
    • Nevada: The Washoe County Health District announced that a presumptive positive patient, a male in his 50s, has been linked to Grand Princess.[45] He self-isolated at home.[45] An elementary school in Reno was closed because one of the man's family members is a student there.[45]

6 March

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  • Canada: Ontario: Health officials confirmed that two new cases, a married man and woman in their 60s, were aboard Grand Princess from 11 to 21 February and returned to Canada on 28 February.[46]
  • United States:
    • California:
      • Alameda County: Officials confirmed that a former passenger of Grand Princess, an older patient with underlying health problems, has tested positive.[47] The former passenger was on the ship during the trip to Mexico from 11 to 21 February 2020. The patient was hospitalised and family members were quarantined.
      • Contra Costa County: Health officials announced that two new cases have been identified, with both having traveled on the same cruise on the same dates.[48]
      • Marin County: The health department announced that two Marin County residents who were on the cruise and displayed symptoms had also been tested, but Governor Gavin Newsom had prioritized the testing of the passengers who were on board Grand Princess, and all the tests were going through the same lab.[49] On 2020.03.09, county officials announced that one of the passengers had tested positive, marking the first positive case in the county.[50] On 2020.03.27, officials announced that the same passenger had died after being hospitalized for nearly three weeks, marking the first death attributable to the virus in the county.[51]
    • Hawaii: Governor David Ige announced the state's first case, a male Oahu resident who was a passenger on Grand Princess.[33][52] Although the ship stopped in Hawaii in late February, the man disembarked Grand Princess in Mexico earlier in February (before it returned in San Francisco on 21 February) and flew back home to Honolulu from Mexico.[33][52][31]
    • Illinois: The Illinois and Chicago public-health departments announced that a former passenger of Grand Princess tested (presumptive) positive. The passenger, a woman in her 50s, had traveled on the same cruise to Mexico and disembarked at San Francisco on 21 February. She was hospitalized and isolated in stable condition. She is a special education assistant in the Chicago public school system, and the school where she worked was to be closed the following week, with all at-risk staff requested to self-quarantine for 14 days.[53]
    • Utah: The Department of Health confirmed that the first (presumptive) case in Utah is a former passenger of Grand Princess living in Davis County.[54]

7 March

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  • Canada: British Columbia: Health officials announced that two cases are former passengers of Grand Princess. Both in their 60s, the two patients rode the ship to Mexico and back to California.[55]
  • United States: California: Fresno County: Officials confirmed that a former passenger of Grand Princess had tested positive.[56] The former passenger was on the ship during the trip to Mexico from 11 to 21 February 2020. The family of the patient is reported to be self-monitoring.

Lawsuits

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At least a dozen lawsuits have been filed by passengers of Grand Princess against companies responsible for the cruise ship.[57]

On 9 March 2020, a lawsuit was filed against Princess Cruise Lines by a Floridian couple that were passengers still aboard Grand Princess at the time.[58] The lawsuit alleged that Princess Cruise Lines did not screen passengers appropriately for the virus prior to boarding[n] and that the cruise line did not warn passengers that symptoms of the virus had been observed on passengers of the previous voyage.[58][59]

On 8 April 2020, a lawsuit was filed against Princess Cruise Lines, Fairline Shipping International Corporation, and Carnival Corporation by nine Northern Californians who were passengers of the Hawaii cruise.[60][61] The lawsuit alleged that the defendants did not screen passengers appropriately, did not disinfect the ship properly, and did not quarantine passengers until around 5 March 2020.[60][57] The lawsuit also alleged that the defendants did not inform passengers that coronavirus symptoms had been reported by passengers on the previous voyage, that passengers from the previous voyage who stayed aboard the ship for the Hawaii cruise had been exposed to the virus, and that a former passenger had died.[60][57] One of the plaintiffs was infected by the virus and hospitalized at an ICU.[60]

On 14 April 2020, a lawsuit was filed against Princess Cruise Lines by the widow of a retired Dallas firefighter who was a passenger that died of the virus.[34] The lawsuit alleged that Princess Cruise Lines did not warn the couple that an outbreak on board the ship had sickened passengers during its previous voyage.[34]

On 4 May 2020, a lawsuit was filed against Princess Cruise Lines and Carnival Corporation by the son of a retired Lehigh County steel worker who was a passenger that died of the virus.[62] The lawsuit alleged that passengers were not informed that passengers on the previous voyage had exhibited symptoms consistent with the virus and that there were crew members aboard that had been exposed to the virus.[62]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Date first results of people still on board was reported
  2. ^ a b This includes 103 passengers[1] and 19 crew members.[2] It is unclear if the 2 passengers listed in the second source have been included in the first source.[1][2] In addition, this value does not include those who disembarked before the ship was rerouted.
  3. ^ see chart
  4. ^ a b It would be discovered on 21 April 2020 that a 57-year-old woman from San Jose had died on 6 February 2020 from the virus.[7][8]
  5. ^ a b c The Princess Cruises brochure's illustration of the order that the islands are visited conflicts with that of the crew itinerary.[31][32] However, after the ship had already made the stops, a local news source published an itinerary that conformed with the crew itinerary.[32][33] In addition, the brochure has a disclaimer that the actual port order may vary.[31]
  6. ^ Date of announcement of death in italics if actual date of death was not reported
  7. ^ '+' means "on or after"
  8. ^ Kaiser Permanente Roseville
  9. ^ Decedent was a retired firefighter.[34]
  10. ^ California Pacific Medical Center
  11. ^ Decedent was a retired steel worker.[36]
  12. ^ Crew members were quarantined on the ship after it docked in Oakland
  13. ^ in an unnamed hospital
  14. ^ Specifically, the couple stated that upon boarding, the only screening procedure they encountered was that they were "simply asked to fill out a piece of paper confirming they were not sick".[58]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Hines, Morgan & Mandell, Andrea (March 25, 2020). "Two Grand Princess cruise passengers with coronavirus die; 103 have tested positive for COVID-19". USA Today. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2020 – via Yahoo News.
  2. ^ a b c d Pence, Mike (March 6, 2020). "Vice President Pence and Members of the Coronavirus Task Force Hold a Press Briefing". The White House. Youtube. Archived from the original on March 6, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  3. ^ a b "Placer County announces death of patient with COVID-19 | Placer County, CA". Placer.ca.gov. March 4, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Locals on same cruise ship as man who died from coronavirus concerned about spread". Santa Rosa Press Democrat. March 5, 2020. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  5. ^ a b Morgan Hines (March 4, 2020). "Coronavirus: Californian who died likely got it on Princess Cruise". USA Today. Archived from the original on March 5, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
  6. ^ Yoon-Hendricks, Alexandra (March 4, 2020). "Placer County reports 2nd coronavirus case. 'Critically ill' patient was on cruise ship". The Sacramento Bee. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
  7. ^ "County of Santa Clara Identifies Three Additional Early COVID-19 Deaths - Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) - County of Santa Clara". Sccgov.org. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  8. ^ Fimrite, Peter (April 24, 2020). "San Jose woman who died Feb. 6 showed no symptoms of coronavirus, father says". SFChronicle.com. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  9. ^ a b "Placer County Confirms Second Case of COVID-19; Declares Local Health Emergency to Ensure Adequate Resources" (Press release). Placer County, California. March 4, 2020. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
  10. ^ "Death of Patient with COVID-19" (Press release). Placer County, California. March 4, 2020. Archived from the original on March 5, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
  11. ^ Johnson, Julie (March 3, 2020). "Sonoma County coronavirus patient was passenger on Princess Cruises ship". The Press Democrat, Santa Rosa, Calif. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
  12. ^ Maxouris, Christina; Hanna, Jason; Almasy, Steve (March 4, 2020). "California county says person who died from coronavirus had recently taken cruise to Mexico". CNN. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
  13. ^ a b Hines, Morgan (March 4, 2020). "Thousands may have been exposed to coronavirus on Princess cruise ship; 62 passengers confined". USA Today. Archived from the original on March 5, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2020.
  14. ^ Consillio, Kristen (March 4, 2020). "Gov. David Ige issues emergency proclamation in response to coronavirus". Star Advertiser. Archived from the original on March 5, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  15. ^ Mattison, Sara (March 4, 2020). "California man on same cruise ship that came to Hawaii has died from COVID-19". KHON2. Honolulu, HI: KHON. Archived from the original on March 6, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  16. ^ "Cruise Ship Held Off California Becomes New Focus of Concern". The New York Times. March 6, 2020. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2020 – via NYTimes.com.
  17. ^ a b Simpson, Hannah (March 4, 2020). "Princess Cruises ship held up off California coast with sick passengers, awaiting coronavirus tests". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 5, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2020.
  18. ^ "See Air National Guard members board a cruise ship with coronavirus test kits | Newsbreak". Military Times. March 6, 2020. Archived from the original on March 9, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  19. ^ a b c d e "Grand Princess Updates & Health Advisory". Princess Cruise Lines. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2020.
  20. ^ Morgan McFall-Johnsen (March 7, 2020). "Trump wants to keep people on coronavirus-hit Grand Princess cruise ship". Business Insider. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  21. ^ "Disembarkation will continue Monday for other guests. According to Governor's Office of Emergency Services, following health screenings, guests who are California residents will go to a federally operated facility within California for testing and isolation..." Twitter.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2020. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
  22. ^ "Exact timing is still being determined in a coordinated manner with all operations resources. These guests will be transported to medical facilities in California". Twitter.com. Archived from the original on March 31, 2020. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
  23. ^ "The logistics plan went into further review by the state and federal authorities and the ship will not berth in Oakland on Sunday. It will now be Monday – time to be determined". Twitter.com.
  24. ^ "Coronavirus-Stricken Grand Princess Arrives At Port Of Oakland; Passenger Says 'It Looks Like A War Zone'". March 9, 2020. Archived from the original on March 10, 2020. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
  25. ^ Albergotti, Reed. "Grand Princess cruise ship carrying coronavirus patients docks in Oakland". Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 10, 2020. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
  26. ^ a b "Live coronavirus updates: Grand Princess cruise ship heads back to sea after restocking supplies in San Francisco - ABC30 Fresno". Abc30.com. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  27. ^ a b Vainshtein, Annie (March 19, 2020). "Most Grand Princess passengers in quarantine refused coronavirus tests —often at federal officials' urging". SFChronicle.com. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  28. ^ "Coronavirus Bay Area live updates: UCSF offering free COVID-19 testing to all 58 California counties - ABC7 San Francisco". Abc7news.com. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  29. ^ a b Tate, Curtis. "Some Grand Princess cruise passengers waited weeks for coronavirus test results, or never got tested". USA TODAY.
  30. ^ "Grand Princess passengers were quarantined on bases. How many actually have coronavirus will remain a mystery". The Washington Post. March 23, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  31. ^ a b c d e f "2019–2020 Hawaii, Mexico & California coast" (PDF). book.princess.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Grand Princess Itineraries 2020-2021" (PDF). crew-center.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 9, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
  33. ^ a b c "VIDEO: Hawaii resident, passenger aboard Grand Princess confirmed as first coronavirus case in Hawaii". March 7, 2020. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  34. ^ a b c d "Lawsuit over death of retired Dallas firefighter says cruise line failed to warn of outbreak". Dallas News. April 15, 2020.
  35. ^ a b c Evan Webeck (April 3, 2020). "Coronavirus: Grand Princess crew member dies in SF hospital". Mercurynews.com. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  36. ^ a b c Merlin, Michelle (April 2, 2020). "'It's been a nightmare': Family recalls Whitehall man's final days after contracting coronavirus on Grand Princess cruise". mcall.com.
  37. ^ "Man in his 70s, Grand Princess passenger, Marin County's first COVID-19 death | KTVU FOX 2". Ktvu.com. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  38. ^ "Local Emergency Declared for COVID-19 | Press Releases | Health Services | County of Sonoma". sonomacounty.ca.gov. Archived from the original on March 5, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  39. ^ "Placer County confirms second case of COVID-19; declares local health emergency to ensure adequate resources | Placer County, CA". placer.ca.gov. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2020.
  40. ^ "Alberta reports 1st presumptive case of COVID-19". CBC. March 5, 2020. Archived from the original on February 21, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  41. ^ "Placer County Public health confirms 3 new COVID-19 cases, all with ties to cruise ship | Placer County, CA". placer.ca.gov. Archived from the original on March 8, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  42. ^ "Former cruise ship passenger from Sonoma County tests presumptive positive for coronavirus". March 5, 2020. Archived from the original on March 6, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  43. ^ a b "Sunnyvale officers possibly exposed to coronavirus while giving CPR to dying man". March 6, 2020.
  44. ^ "Live Bay Area coronavirus updates: Grand Princess will dock in Oakland on Monday". April 13, 2020.
  45. ^ a b c "Washoe County Has Presumptive Case of COVID-19". washoecounty.us. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
  46. ^ "Ontario Confirms New Positive Cases of COVID-19". news.ontario.ca. March 6, 2020. Archived from the original on March 6, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  47. ^ "Second coronavirus case confirmed in Alameda County". East Bay Times. March 7, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  48. ^ "Coronavirus: Contra Costa has three new cases, including two cruise ship patients". The Mercury News. March 6, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  49. ^ "50 Marin cruise passengers exposed to coronavirus". March 6, 2020.
  50. ^ "Marin Confirms First In-County Case of COVID-19". Marincounty.org. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  51. ^ "Marin Announces First COVID-19 Death". Marincounty.org. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  52. ^ a b The Civil Beat Staff (March 7, 2020). "Cruise Ship Passenger Is Hawaii's First Coronavirus Case". Civil Beat. Honolulu, HI: Honolulu Civil Beat. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  53. ^ "Coronavirus update: CPS employee is 6th confirmed case of COVID-19 in Illinois, mayor says". ABC7 Chicago. March 6, 2020. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  54. ^ "Utah Health Officials Announce First Case of COVID-19 – Utah Department of Health". health.utah.gov. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
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  57. ^ a b c "Grand Princess Passengers File Lawsuit, Claim Negligence In Coronavirus Response – CBS San Francisco". Sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com. April 9, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  58. ^ a b c "Quarantined Grand Princess couple sues Princess Cruises for $1 million". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  59. ^ "Ronald Weissberger et al v. Princess Cruise Lines Ltd". Justia Dockets & Filings.
  60. ^ a b c d "Grand Princess passengers sue cruise line, alleging negligence in coronavirus handling". Sacramento Bee. April 9, 2020.
  61. ^ "Archer et al v. Carnival Corporation & PLC et al". Justia Dockets & Filings.
  62. ^ a b lehighvalleylive.com, Pamela Sroka-Holzmann | For (May 5, 2020). "Family of Whitehall man files COVID-19 wrongful death suit against cruise line". lehighvalleylive.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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