On 1 October 2024, Israel invaded Southern Lebanon, marking the fifth Israeli invasion of Lebanon since 1978. The invasion took place after nearly 12 months of Israel–Hezbollah conflict. On 26 November, Israel and Lebanon signed a ceasefire agreement, though some attacks continued. Israel has reported 56 of its soldiers killed in the invasion, while the Lebanese government has reported Israel killing 2,720 people in Lebanon, mostly civilians.[78][56]
2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon | ||||||||
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Part of the Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present), the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present) and the Israeli–Lebanese conflict | ||||||||
Israel Attested Hezbollah presence in Lebanon Lebanese territory under Israeli control Syria Areas ordered evacuated by Israel See here for a more detailed map | ||||||||
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Belligerents | ||||||||
Israel |
Hezbollah Allies: Lebanon[a][9] | UNIFIL[b] | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | ||||||||
Benjamin Netanyahu Israel Katz Herzi Halevi Ori Gordin Guy Levi[13] Elad Tzuri[14] Yeftah Norkin[15] |
Naim Qassem Hashem Safieddine X Maurice Sleem Joseph Aoun |
Aroldo Lázaro Sáenz Chok Bahadur Dhakal Jean-Jacques Fatinet Axel Schulz Mochammad Ghoffar Ngismangil Johan Effendi Mohd Salleh | ||||||
Units involved | ||||||||
List of units:
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List of units:
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Strength | ||||||||
15,000[41][42] Per Hezbollah:[43] 70,000+ soldiers 100+ military vehicles |
20,000–100,000[44] 80,000[45] | 10,000[46][d] | ||||||
Casualties and losses | ||||||||
Per IDF: 60 soldiers killed[e] 900 soldiers injured[51][52] Per Hezbollah:[53] 95+ soldiers killed[54] 900+ soldiers injured[54] 42 Merkava tanks destroyed 4 military bulldozers destroyed |
Per Lebanon: 3,500 Hezbollah fighters killed[65] 8 surrendered[66] Thousands injured, at least 7,000 severely or moderately[67][65] 80% of pre-war Hezbollah rockets and missiles destroyed[68] (denied by Hezbollah)[69] |
Per UNIFIL: 42 UN peacekeepers wounded[f] | ||||||
Prior to the incursions, Israel had conducted major attacks in Lebanon including an attack on pagers and electronic devices,[79][80][81] and assassination of Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah.[82][83] Israel had also conducted a massive aerial bombing campaign throughout Lebanon, killing over 800 Lebanese people in one week in late September.[84] Hezbollah had been launching rockets at Israel, which it said were aimed at military targets, with the stated military goal to pressure Israel to stop its attacks on Gaza, where thousands of Palestinians had been killed and Israel has been accused of genocide.[84][85][86] Israel had been attacking Lebanon with the stated military goal of destroying Hezbollah's military capabilities so that they no longer pose a threat to soldiers and civilians.[87][88]
At the start of the invasion, the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) withdrew from parts of the Blue Line.[89] On 27 November, Israel and Lebanon agreed to a ceasefire, mediated by France and the United States.[90][91]
Background
The last time Israel invaded southern Lebanon and engaged in ground combat with Hezbollah was during the month-long 2006 Lebanon War.[92]
According to security expert Sobelman, Israel had spent two decades preparing for the next war with Hezbollah.[93]
Shortly after the onset of the Israel–Hamas war in October 2023, Hezbollah joined the conflict, citing solidarity with Palestinians,[94] which quickly escalated into regular cross-border military exchanges impacting areas in or around northern Israel, southern Lebanon and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights of Syria.[95] Hezbollah said it aimed to pressure Israel by forcing it to fight on two fronts.[84] Hezbollah has offered an immediate ceasefire should a ceasefire also happen in Gaza.[96][97] From 8 October 2023 to 20 September 2024, Hezbollah has launched 1,900 cross border attacks, and Israel has launched another 8,300.[98] The fighting killed 564 in Lebanon (including 133 civilians),[99] and 52 in Israel (including 27 civilians), displaced entire communities in Israel and Lebanon,[99] with significant damage to civilian infrastructure.[100]
Israel requested that Hezbollah implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 (UNSCR 1701) and withdraw its forces north of the Litani River.[101][102] Hezbollah has stated it will continue attacking Israel until Israel halts its operations in Gaza.[103] Both Israel and Hezbollah have outstanding obligations under UNSCR 1701.[104][101][105] Hezbollah has established strong military presence in southern Lebanon, storing rockets in civilian sites, building tunnels into Israel, and obstructing United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon's (UNIFIL) access.[106][107] Israel continues to occupy Ghajar and an adjacent area,[105][108] and has repeatedly breached Lebanese airspace, waters, and borders.[109][110][111] UNIFIL reports that Israel entered Lebanese airspace on more than 22,000 occasions between 2007 and 2021.[112][113] Diplomatic efforts, led by U.S. envoy Amos Hochstein and France, have so far been unsuccessful in resolving the conflict.[114][115]
September 2024 escalation
On 15 September, leaflets bearing an IDF logo were observed in southern Lebanon. They contained the text, "Hezbollah is firing from your area", urging residents to relocate north and to refrain from returning "until the war is over". The IDF said that they were distributed without senior authorisation and that the incident was being investigated.[116]
On 17 and 18 September, thousands of Hezbollah's handheld pagers and walkie-talkies exploded in a coordinated series of attacks.[117] The explosions killed 42 people and injured at least 3,500, including civilians.[118][119][120] Reuters reported that, according to an unnamed Hezbollah official, 1,500 Hezbollah fighters were taken out of action due to injuries, with many blinded or having lost their hands.[121] Despite Israel denying involvement with the attack,[122] unnamed Israeli sources told Reuters and other media that it was orchestrated by Israel's intelligence service (Mossad) and military.[123][124][117] In response, Hezbollah, who described the attack as a possible declaration of war by Israel, launched a rocket attack on northern Israel a few days later.[125][126]
On 20 September, tensions further rose after Ibrahim Aqil was killed in an Israeli strike in Beirut, along with other senior commanders from the unit.[127][128]
People in southern Lebanon and Beirut received mobile phone calls and messages that told them to relocate.[129] IDF spokesperson Daniel Hagari said in a video address, "We advise civilians from Lebanese villages located in and next to buildings and areas used by Hezbollah for military purposes, such as those used to store weapons, to immediately evacuate for their own safety".[130]
The IDF began a series of airstrikes on 23 September, killing over 800 and injuring more than 5,000 in the first week.[131][132][failed verification]
On 27 September 2024, Hassan Nasrallah, the secretary-general of Hezbollah, and several other senior Hezbollah leaders, including Ali Karaki, commander of Hezbollah's southern front, were killed in an Israeli airstrike in Beirut.[133][82] The strike took place while Hezbollah leaders were meeting at a headquarters located underground beneath residential buildings in Haret Hreik in the Dahieh suburb to the south of Beirut.[82][134]
Previous Israeli raids
On 1 October, the IDF revealed that its special forces had carried out more than 70 small covert raids into southern Lebanon since November 2023, but had not clashed with Hezbollah fighters during these raids.[135] The IDF said it had uncovered Hezbollah tunnels, weaponry, and invasion plans in villages near the border, including Ayta ash-Shaab, Mais al-Jabal and Kfar Kila.[136] IDF Spokesman Daniel Hagari said they found Hezbollah plans to launch an attack similar to Hamas' 7 October attacks, which sparked the ongoing conflict.[81] Hagari also mentioned that evidence from these operations, including videos and maps, would be presented to the international community. Hezbollah has not commented on his claims.[81] Hagari alleged that the group was preparing for an attack similar to the 7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel.[88][81]
Preparations
On 30 September, Israel informed the United States that it intended to carry out a ground maneuver in Lebanon aimed at clearing Hezbollah's militant infrastructure along the border. That evening, the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) withdrew from the Israeli-Lebanese border to the north to a distance of 5 kilometres (3.1 mi; 2.7 nmi) from the border, and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) declared that the communities of Metula, Misgav Am and Kfar Giladi are a closed military area.[137] Since then the LAF has reported an incident of fire exchange with the IDF.[9] IDF troops were amassing on the border in Southern Lebanon, with Israel stating that they were preparing for a limited ground operation,[138][139][87][140] with no intentions for long-term occupation.[141]
Timeline
1 October
On 1 October, IDF troops crossed the border into Lebanon in a series of small scale raids intended to precede a broader ground incursion.[142][143][144] Witnesses have said that they have heard sounds of tanks in Southern Lebanon.[145][better source needed][92] There were also reports of heavy artillery striking the border towns of Southern Lebanon.[146] On 1 October, the IDF confirmed the existence of their ground operation in a statement on Telegram, specifying that they intended to strike Hezbollah infrastructure. Shortly after the release of this statement, IDF Spokesperson Daniel Hagari also confirmed the operation.[147] Prior to the release of these statements, the IDF had made no announcements about the operation.[citation needed] The IDF ordered residents of 25 villages in southern Lebanon to immediately relocate to north of the Awali River.[148]
IDF Arabic-language spokesperson Avichay Adraee said that heavy fighting was taking place in southern Lebanon with Hezbollah. He warned residents to not move in vehicles from north of Litani River to south of the river. The IDF also said that projectiles were launched to Avivim and Metula.[149] However, IDF spokesperson Daniel Hagari said they were not yet fighting Hezbollah face-to-face.[150] Another Israeli military official said that they had not yet clashed with Hezbollah on the ground, and that IDF troops had so far been operating in villages only hundreds of meters across the border. Hezbollah denied that Israeli troops had entered Lebanon.[151]
The IDF claimed that in coordination with the Intelligence Division, IDF forces led by the Northern Command and special forces had captured Hezbollah infrastructure in the towns of Kafr Kila, Ayta ash Shab, Meiss Ej Jabal amongst other sites and destroyed the facilities after they were abandoned after the retreat of Hezbollah.[30] Hezbollah also claimed that it had targeted IDF soldiers in towns opposite of Odaisseh and Kafr Kila.[152]
The IAF struck 100 Hezbollah targets in Lebanon while soldiers of the Northern Command destroyed several military sites and weapons.[153]
An Israeli strike on a house in Al-Dawoudiya killed at least ten people and injured five others.[154]
Retaliation by Hezbollah
Hezbollah launched ten rockets from southern Lebanon to Israel[155] and a drone towards central Israel.[156] Hezbollah said that it targeted IDF sites, Israeli communities and soldiers with 12 separate strikes.[157] Three rockets were launched from Lebanon towards Upper Galilee.[158] Hezbollah said that it targeted Israeli soldiers in Metula with rockets and artillery.[159]
"A number of" rockets were launched from Lebanon to Israel, moderately injuring two people.[160][161] Hezbollah said that it targeted Unit 8200 headquarters in Tel Aviv with Fadi-4 rockets and Mossad headquarters in the suburbs of Tel Aviv.[31] Approximately 30 rockets were launched from Lebanon towards northern Israel.[162] Hezbollah said that its missiles targeted Sde Dov, an airport and airbase in the outskirts of Tel Aviv that was closed and demolished more than four years before the attack.[163][164]
Israeli strikes elsewhere
The IDF called for evacuations of at least 500 meters from particular buildings with Hezbollah facilities in parts of southern Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, as they were preparing to bomb them.[143] The IDF conducted at least two airstrikes in Dahieh.[165] The IDF claimed that Muhammad Jaafar Qasir, a Hezbollah commander responsible for transferring Iranian weapons to Hezbollah in Lebanon, was killed in an airstrike in Beirut.[166] The IDF said that it killed the commander of Hezbollah's Imam Hussein division in an airstrike in Beirut.[34]
An Israeli strike on the house of Munir al-Maqdah, a brigadier general of Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades in Lebanon in Ein al-Hilweh refugee camp killed at least five people.[167]
Syrian military sources said that Israel struck two Syrian anti-aircraft radar stations west of Sweida and a Syrian anti-aircraft radar station in Daraa Governorate.[168]
Iranian strikes on Israel
Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) launched at least 181 missiles toward Israel, with at least one building being hit in Tel Aviv.[169] The attack was in response to the assassination of Abbas Nilforoushan, Hassan Nasrallah and Ismail Haniyeh. At least two Israelis were injured in Tel Aviv and a Palestinian was killed by shrapnel in Nu'eima, West Bank.[170][171][172]
2 October
On 2 October, Israeli forces were ambushed by Hezbollah fighters in Odaisseh and forced to retreat while attempting to dismantle militant infrastructure. Six soldiers from the Egoz Unit were killed and several others were injured, including five seriously. The IDF said that another 20 Hezbollah militants were killed during the clash.[173][174] Two soldiers of the Golani Brigade were killed and another was injured in combat in southern Lebanon. Hezbollah said it destroyed three Merkava tanks with guided missiles as they approached Maroun al-Ras.[175] A medic from the brigade was injured in a separate incident.[174] The IDF also announced that an officer of the Paratroopers Brigade's 202nd Battalion was killed in combat.[176]
An Israeli air strike destroyed three houses in the Bekaa Valley killing 11 people.[177]
More forces from the IDF 36th Division entered southern Lebanon including the Golani Brigade, the 188th Armored Brigade, the Etzioni Reserve Brigade and the 282nd Artillery Brigade.[178][179]
Hezbollah fired around 100 rockets at northern Israel.[180] Hezbollah said that it targeted areas north of Haifa using missiles.[181] It also targeted Shtula and Israeli infantry in Misgav Am.[182]
Beirut suburbs strike
Israeli aircraft struck the southern suburbs of Beirut.[183] Israeli soldiers from the 98th division's two Brigades managed to capture a Hezbollah installation in southern Lebanon capturing a large cache of weaponry, ammunition amongst other things as well as claiming to have captured/destroyed 150 Hezbollah targets in Southern Lebanon in coordination with IAF.[184] After the airstrike, Beirut residents reported a sulphur-like smell. The National News Agency reported that Israel had used phosphorus bombs in the heavily populated Bashoura district. According to Protocol III of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons, the use of phosphorus bombs in civilian areas is prohibited.[185]
Hezbollah engaged Israeli soldiers entering Maroun al-Ras from its eastern side claiming to have inflicted several casualties amongst the Israelis.[186] The LAF said that an IDF force crossed the Blue Line in the areas of Khirbet Yaroun and Odaisseh and claimed they retreated after an incursion of about 400m.[187] The IDF announced that the IAF struck 150 Hezbollah sites since the ground offensive began.[188] A LAF soldier was injured in an IDF drone strike while one of its units was working to open a road at the entrance of Kawkaba.[189]
Hezbollah claimed that it killed or injured Israeli soldiers trying to circumvent Yaroun by detonating an explosive device.[190]
Hezbollah fired 40 rockets at Safed and several drones at the Upper Galilee.[191]
Deaths and injuries
The IDF announced the death of nine soldiers during combat in southern Lebanon.[192][49] It also said that since the start of the invasion, 50 Hezbollah militants have been killed, with thirty of them being killed in a single battle with the Egoz unit. Moreover, thirty Israeli soldiers were wounded, including seven seriously which were evacuated by Unit 669.[28]
Hezbollah claimed to have destroyed three Israeli Merkava tanks with guided missiles as they approached Maroun al-Ras.[193][194]
Damascus drone strike
Syrian state media reported that at least three civilians were killed and three injured in an Israeli drone strike in Damascus.[195] The strike killed the brother of the commander of Hezbollah's Unit 4400, who was also killed the day prior.[36]
Hezbollah claimed to have killed or injured all members of an Israeli infantry unit sheltering in a home outside Kafr Kila by detonating an explosive device in the house and targeting it using bullets and rocket-propelled grenades.[196] Hezbollah said that it targeted Israeli soldiers in Ya'ara with rockets.[197]
Beirut health facility strike
An Israeli airstrike on a Hezbollah-affiliated health facility a kilometre away from the Lebanese Parliament in central Beirut killed nine people, including seven paramedics, and injured 14 other people.[198][199]
3 October
Attack on the Lebanese army and response
The LAF stated that the IDF targeted an army post in the Bint Jbeil area, and the LAF — for the first time in the invasion — fired back at the IDF.[9] One LAF soldier was killed.[9] Another LAF soldier was killed and four Lebanese Red Cross medics and another LAF soldier were injured in an Israeli strike in Taybeh while they were working on a rescue and evacuation mission.[200][201]
The LAF said that one of its soldiers was killed in an Israeli strike on a military outpost in Bint Jbeil. It also said that its soldiers responded to the sources of fire.[202]
Hezbollah strikes
Two drones targeted Bat Yam in central Israel, one of which was shot down and the other hit an open area.[203]
Hezbollah said that it launched surface-to-air missiles targeting an IDF helicopter flying above Beit Hillel claiming that it forced it to retreat.[204] Approximately 25 rockets and two drones were launched from Lebanon towards Israel.[205]
Hezbollah launched more than a dozen of strikes on Israeli targets.[206] Hezbollah claimed to have killed or wounded a group of Israeli soldiers in the vicinity of Maroun al-Ras by detonating two explosive devices.[206][207]
Hezbollah fired ten rockets at the Lower Galilee, causing no casualties.[208]
Hezbollah claimed that it detonated a Sejil bomb at IDF forces in Yaroun, causing casualties. It also claimed to have launched a missile against a Merkava tank in Netu'a, while a rocket salvo targeted Israeli troops in Al-Thaghra in the outskirts of Odaisseh.[209]
Hezbollah fired 100 Katyusha rockets, six Falaq rockets and mortars at Metula.[210][211] Hezbollah said that it targeted Safed and Kafr Giladi using rockets.[210]
According to Hezbollah, six IDF infiltration attempts into southern Lebanon were repelled by its forces.[212]
Casualties
Two Belgian journalists were wounded in Beirut.[213] A US resident was killed in an Israeli airstrike in Lebanon.[214]
The IDF announced the death of two soldiers killed in combat.[49] Hezbollah stated that it had killed 17 IDF soldiers on 3 October.[215]
The World Health Organization said that 28 health care workers were killed in Lebanon over the past 24 hours.[216] Lebanese Health Minister Firass Abiad said that 40 paramedics and firefighters including emergency personnel from organisations affiliated with Hezbollah were killed in Lebanon in three days.[64]
Israeli strikes
The IAF struck Hezbollah intelligence and communications sites in Beirut.[217]
An Israeli strike on the municipality building in Bint Jbeil killed 15 people. The IDF said that Hezbollah fighters were killed and the building was used by Hezbollah to store weapons.[218]
An Israeli airstrike on a building in southern Lebanon, around the area where soldiers from the Golani Brigade were operating, killed a Hezbollah field commander.[219]
An IRGC adviser died from wounds he sustained from an Israeli airstrike in Damascus three days prior.[220]
Personnel of the Golani Brigade attacked a military site where Hezbollah commanders were staying and captured the building. A commander of the Hezbollah Artillery Corps, a commander of the Hezbollah Engineering Corps and a local Redwan Force commander were killed in the battle.[37]
IDF claims
The IDF said that it struck 15 Hezbollah sites in Beirut, including weapon depots and manufacturing sites.[221]
In total, IDF claimed to have killed more than 100 Hezbollah militants since the start of the war.[222]
Dahieh airstrike
Senior Hezbollah official Hashem Safieddine, who was expected to succeed Nasrallah as the group's secretary-general following his assassination, was reportedly targeted by an Israeli airstrike in Beirut.[223] It was unclear whether Safieddine had been killed.[224] Hezbollah said it had lost contact with Safieddine after the strike.[225]
4 October
UNIFIL
On 4 October, an international dispute occurred as the IDF ordered an Irish UNIFIL peacekeeping unit deployed in southern Lebanon to abandon their border outpost.[226] Ireland rejected the orders, with President Michael D. Higgins calling them "outrageous".[227]
Masnaa Border Crossing strike
The IDF halted traffic at the Masnaa Border Crossing between Syria and Lebanon by striking "vital transportation infrastructure" using two missiles. The IDF had alleged that the border crossing was being used by Hezbollah for transferring weapons from Syria to Lebanon one day prior to the strike.[228]
Hezbollah strikes
Hezbollah said that it targeted Haifa using rockets.[229] A rocket launched from Lebanon fell in Upper Galilee area causing a forest fire. About 50 instances of rockets or shrapnel falling were reported in Metula in the past 24 hours.[230] Hezbollah launched more than 100 rockets towards Israel.[231] Hezbollah claimed to have struck a group of Israeli soldiers in the vicinity of Maroun al-Ras. Hezbollah said that it launched a missile strike on the Nafah IDF base in the Golan Heights and it also said that it targeted Kfar Giladi.[232] The IDF said that it struck Hezbollah weapons warehouses and infrastructure, including its intelligence headquarters in Beirut.[233]
Casualties
The Lebanese National News Agency reported that four health workers were killed in an Israeli drone strike in the vicinity of a government hospital in Marjayoun.[234]
The IDF said that over 250 Hezbollah fighters were killed in southern Lebanon since it began its ground offensive, including 21 field commanders.[235]
Hezbollah said that at least 20 Israeli elite soldiers were killed or wounded in clashes in a Lebanese village.[236]
Israeli control in Lebanon
Israel claimed operational control of "multiple" Shi'ite villages in southern Lebanon.[237][better source needed][which?]
5 October
Hezbollah strikes
On 5 October 2024, Hezbollah claimed to have hit an Israeli Merkava tank as it was advancing in the Maroun al-Ras forest area using a guided anti-armor missile, resulting in casualties.[238]
Hezbollah claimed that it launched rockets targeting Israeli soldiers in Khallet Ubair village in Yaroun, as well as on Kafrioufel and Kfar Giladi in northern Israel.[239]
Hezbollah said that it launched at least seven strikes on IDF soldiers including launching Fadi 1 missiles targeting Ramat David IDF base and launching rockets targeting IDF soldiers in the vicinity of the border.[240]
Israeli strikes
An Israeli strike on a mosque in Bint Jbeil also hit nearby Salah Ghandour Hospital injuring nine of its medical staff. The IDF said that it targeted Hezbollah fighters in a command center embedded inside the mosque without providing evidence.[241][242]
IDF stated that it had started pouring cement into Hezbollah tunnels to make them unusable.[243]
President of France Emmanuel Macron called for a halt on arms deliveries to Israel, which Netanyahu condemned.[244] In an apparent retaliation of this, the IDF blew up a gas station in Beirut owned by the French petroleum company TotalEnergies. The explosion resulted in a large fire, but no injuries were reported.[245][246]
Casualties
A female Red Cross volunteer from Baalbek died of a head injury sustained in an Israeli airstrike.[247] A missile hit in the vicinity of a paramedic team to prevent them from reaching the site of a bigger strike in a Beirut suburb.[248]
Hamas confirmed the death of Saeed Atallah Ali, one of its military officials, along with his wife and two young daughters in an Israeli drone strike in Beddawi refugee camp.[249]
A Hezbollah rocket attack lightly injured three people in Deir al-Asad and caused damage in Karmiel.[250]
6 October
Pope Francis called for an immediate ceasefire in both Gaza and Lebanon.[251]
The Lebanese Education Ministry announced that 40% of the 1.25 million students in Lebanon had been displaced by the Israeli invasion and bombings.[252]
7 October
Israeli strikes
On 7 October, two Israeli airstrikes in towns south of Beirut killed at least 12 people, including several Lebanese children.[253]
Israeli warplanes struck a fire station building affiliated with the Islamic Health Authority in Baraachit, killing ten firefighters.[254][255]
Hezbollah strikes
On the anniversary of the Hamas-led attack on Israel, Hezbollah fired several rockets at northern Israel, wounding at least 10 people in Haifa and another in Tiberias. Alerts were activated in Upper Galilee after 15 rockets were detected.[256] The IDF announced the deaths of two soldiers in combat in the past 24 hours, on the Lebanese border, while another two were seriously injured.[257]
8 October
The IDF was filmed raising the Israeli flag in Maroun al-Ras, seemingly indicating they had captured the village.[258][259][260] However, according to UNIFIL, IDF troops there later withdrew from Maroun al-Ras to unknown positions.[261][better source needed] Lebanese fishermen were forced to keep their boats ashore after Israel warned that it would expand its operations against Hezbollah to coastal areas south of Sidon.[262]
9 October
Hezbollah-affiliated sources stated the IDF had withdrawn from Odaisseh and Kfar Kila.[263] Netanyahu released an address to the government and people of Lebanon in English, saying that the country would face "destruction and suffering like we see in Gaza" if they did not rise up against Hezbollah.[264] IDF reported the death of one soldier during clashes in south Lebanon.[49]
Derdghaya Melkite Church airstrike
Israel struck a church of the Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Tyre that was being used to shelter displaced people in Derdghaya, killing at least eight people.[265]
10 October
Israeli attacks on UN peacekeepers
UNIFIL stated that the IDF had fired upon three peacekeeper positions, one being fired at on 9 October and two others being fired upon on 10 October. In one of the incidents, two were injured after a tank had shot at an observation tower, causing them to fall. No peacekeepers were harmed in the other two incidents.[266]
On the same day, Israeli troops opened fire at three UNIFIL positions in south Lebanon, including UNIFIL's main base at Naqoura.[267] The following day an IDF tank fired at the UNIFIL observation tower in Naqoura injuring two Indonesian peacekeepers. In the evening, a joint statement of condemnation was released by France, Italy and Spain, while US President Joe Biden asked Israel not to attack UNIFIL forces.[268]
Bachoura airstrike
Israeli airstrikes in two densely-populated neighborhoods in Bachoura in central Beirut killed at least 22 Lebanese people and injured another 117.[269] Israel said it was targeting Wafiq Safa, Hezbollah's liaison with Lebanon's security agencies. Safa survived the attack. This was the deadliest strike on Beirut since the start of the post-2023 Israel-Hezbollah conflict, leveling an apartment building and destroying nearby cars and building interiors. A US-made munition was used in the attack.[270]
11 October
On that night, UNIFIL reported receiving "significant damage" to its buildings in Ramyah due to explosions from nearby shelling.[271]
Israeli attack on Lebanese military checkpoint
According to the Lebanese army, an Israeli airstrike hit a building near a military checkpoint in Kafra, Bint Jbeil District in southern Lebanon, killing two LAF soldiers and wounding three other Lebanese troops.[272]
12 October
Israeli strikes
Nine people were killed and 24 others were wounded in Israeli strikes on the Lebanese villages of Maaysrah, in the mountains north of Beirut, and Barja, south of Beirut.[273]
Israel also struck the central commercial area of Nabatieh in the south. The Lebanese Red Cross said it was initially unable to reach the area of the strike due to large fires from the blast.[274]
Gunfire and explosions near UNIFIL facilities
A UNIFIL press release stated that "Last night, a peacekeeper at UNIFIL's headquarters in Naqoura was hit by gunfire due to ongoing military activity nearby." The statement also referred to buildings in their UN positions receiving "significant damage due to explosions from nearby shelling" in a separate incident in Ramyah.[271][275] A joint statement was made through the initiative of Poland, with 44 countries including three UN Security Council permanent members condemned the attack.[276]
13 October
Israeli attack on Ramyah UNIFIL post
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has called for UNIFIL peacekeepers to immediately withdraw from Lebanon, calling them "human shields" for Hezbollah.[277] Later in the day, two Israeli tanks destroyed the main gate of a UNIFIL post in Ramyah and forcibly entered the post. Two hours later, the IDF fired rounds into the camp that caused smoke to rise, injuring 15 UNIFIL peacekeepers due to skin irritations and gastrointestinal reactions.[71] A report by one of the countries providing troops to UNIFIL said that the smoke was suspected to be white phosphorus, the use of which is unlawful in populated areas under international law.[278]
Drone attack on IDF base
A Hezbollah drone attack on a gathering of IDF soldiers in Zar'it barracks in Binyamina killed at least four Israeli soldiers and wounded another 61.[279][280]
14 October
Aitou airstrike
An Israeli airstrike hit the Maronite Christian town of Aitou in northern Lebanon, killing at least 21 and wounding eight.[281] The dead included including twelve women and two children and injured eight others.[282][283][284]
15 October
On 15 October, the UNHCR said that over 25% of Lebanon was under evacuation orders of Israel.[285] Israeli air strikes in Qana killed 15 people and injured 15 others.[286]
The French Armed Forces Minister Sébastien Lecornu stated he supported UNIFIL remaining in place in Lebanon, despite Israel's orders for them to leave.[287]
Israeli strikes
Israel bombed homes and a healthcare center in Qana, which is notable for having previously experienced massacres in 1996 and 2006. At least 10 people died in the attacks, and 54 were injured.[288]
16 October
Attack on Nabatieh municipal council
Israel bombed a meeting of the municipal council of Nabatieh, killing at least 16 municipality staff, including the mayor Ahmad Kahil , and injuring more than 52.[289][290]
Hezbollah strikes
Hezbollah fired a barrage of 30 rockets towards Karmiel, wounding two Israelis in Upper Galilee.[291]
Israeli attack on a UNIFIL watchtower
Israeli tanks fired at a UNIFIL watchtower in Kafr Kila. UNIFIL called the attack "deliberate fire on a UNIFIL position" and reported that the watchtower was damaged, along with two cameras.[292]
Israeli destruction of Mhaibib
The IDF released footage of them destroying a village. The Daily Telegraph reported that the village in the video was "confirmed to be Mhaibib by local officials".[293] Al Jazeera also reported that the village was Mhaibib.[294] In the same report, Al Jazeera published footage of soldiers they claimed were celebrating the destruction of the village, quoting the IDF as 'saying they were targeting "terrorist infrastructure."'[294] Reuters connected an IDF statement that it had '"dismantled" a tunnel network used by Hezbollah's elite Redwan Force in the heart of a town near the border with Israel' to the destruction of the village.[295] While the three outlets quoted the IDF regarding "terrorist infrastructure", they did not suggest that they had independently corroborated the IDF's allegation.
Casualties
Five IDF soldiers were reported killed in combat in southern Lebanon.[49]
17 October
The IDF confirmed that 5 soldiers had been killed in clashes with Hezbollah and 8 others were injured.[296]
UNIFIL shoots down armed drone
A German warship operating as a part of UNIFIL shot down a drone of unknown origin in the Mediterranean Sea about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of the Lebanese port of Naqoura.[297] According to the German defense ministry, there was no damage to the warship and no injuries to its crew.[298]
18 October
The IDF reported that a Israeli soldier died from wounds suffered in a 9 October attack in south Lebanon.[49]
19 October
Sahel Alma airstrike
Israel bombed a car driving on the main Lebanese highway containing two people in Sahel Alma, part of the city of Jounieh. The two people ran out of the car into a nearby field before being killed in a subsequent blast.[299][300]
Drone attack on Benjamin Netanyahu's residence
A drone attack believed to have originated from Lebanon was made on the residence of Benjamin Netanyahu in the resort town Caesarea. Netanyahu was not in the residence at the time, and no casualties were reported.[301] In response, Netanyahu stated that "the proxies of Iran who today tried to assassinate me and my wife made a bitter mistake."[302] Iran has attributed the reported attack to Hezbollah, with the state-run IRNA news agency quoting Iran's mission to the UN saying: "The action in question has been carried out by Hezbollah in Lebanon."[303]
20 October
Destruction of observation tower in Marwahin
UNIFIL released a press statement stating that the IDF deliberately bulldozed a UNIFIL observation tower and perimeter fence in the Lebanese border town of Marwahin.[304]
IDF strike on LAF soldiers
An IDF airstrike killed three LAF soldiers driving in a vehicle near an IDF area of operation.[305][306]
21 October
A bomb hit a residential building across the street from the Rafik Hariri Univeristy hospital, killing at least 18, including four children, and injurying 60.[307]
Clashes
Hezbollah and the IDF engaged in clashes in the villages of Aita Al-Shaab and Ramiya as the IDF attempted to advance into the villages.[308]
22 October
On 22 October, an Israeli airstrike on a house in Teffahta killed 19 people.[309] An Israeli airstrike near the Rafik Hariri University Hospital in Beirut killed at least 18 people, including four children, and injured at least 60 others.[310][311][312]
Hezbollah rocket barrage
Hezbollah conducted a rocket barrage on Neot Mordechai in northern Israel, a 27-year-old IDF reservist from Tel Aviv was killed and three other soldiers were seriously wounded.[313] Another soldier was killed in south Lebanon.[49]
23 October
Air attacks on Dahieh resumed in what was called one of the worst nights of bombing in the neighborhood to date. Six buildings, including the offices of Al Mayadeen, were destroyed in seventeen raids.[314]
Casualties
The IDF said that four of its soldiers were killed in southern Lebanon, while six others were evacuated from Lebanon after being seriously wounded.[315] Hezbollah said that its fighters have killed more than 70 Israeli soldiers.[316]
24 October
Ayta al-Shaab clashes
Hezbollah reported that its fighters were engaged in ongoing "intense" clashes against IDF vehicles in Ayta al-Shaab. On the same day, Hezbollah said that it destroyed an Israeli tank with a guided missile, killing and wounding the soldiers inside.[316]
Military casualties
Five IDF soldiers were killed and 19 others were wounded in a southern Lebanon village. According to the IDF, Hezbollah forces attacked the building in which the soldiers were accepting logistics supplies.[317]
25 October
Three journalists were killed in an Israeli airstrike on a residential compound housing media workers in Hasbaya. Two were employees of Al Mayadeen, and the other worked for Al Manar TV.[318]
26 October
The IDF said five of its soldiers were killed in southern Lebanon,[49] bringing the IDF's reported casualities up to 32 since 1 October, according to CNN.[319]
IDF attack on UNIFIL observation post near Dhayra on 22 October
A UNIFIL press release on 25 October stated that IDF soldiers fired at an observation post near the town of Dhayra on 22 October 2024.[320][321]
27 October
At least eight people were killed and 25 wounded in an Israeli strike on the Haret Saida neighoorhood of Sidon.[319]
28 October
Beqaa Valley airstrikes
The Lebanese Health Ministry reported that at least 60 people,[322] including two children, were killed and 58 wounded in strikes on 12 areas of the Beqaa Valley. Israel bombed the southern towns of Rachaya al-Fakhar, Kfar Hamam, Alma ash-Shaab, and Naqoura with artillery shells.[323]
29 October
On 29 October, nine people were killed and a girl was trapped under rubble in an Israeli airstrike in Haret Saida, southeast of Sidon.[324][325] An Israeli airstrike in Sarafand killed 10 people and injured 21 others.[326][327] Israeli defence minister Yoav Gallant claimed that Hezbollah maintained only 20% of the rockets and missiles it initially had before the conflict.[328] Hezbollah denied the claim.[329] The IDF said that its military goals in Lebanon had been achieved with the Israeli government planning to go ahead with diplomatic negotiations.[330] Israeli officials said the ceasefire negotiations were "in advanced stages" as White House special envoy Amos Hochstein traveled to the region to mediate the negotiations.[331]
An IDF soldier died of wounds suffered during battle the previous days.[332]
30 October
Israeli struck Baalbek, killing 19 people, including eight women. 20 strikes were reported in the area, five of which were in the city limits.[333][322]
The IDF claimed to have killed dozens of militants one day prior.[334] Israeli airstrikes in Sohmor killed 11 people and injured 15 others.[335] Israeli strikes killed 19 people, including eight women in two towns in Baalbek District.[333][336]
31 October
On 31 October, SANA reported that Israeli strikes hit a number of residential buildings in Al-Qusayr, causing "material damage" to its industrial zone and some of the its residential neighbourhoods killing 10 people, including civilians.[337][338] The IDF said that it struck Hezbollah command centers and weapon depots.[339]
Hezbollah fired rockets at the Haifa region, killing two Israelis, while four Thai workers and one Israeli national were killed in Metula.[340]
1 November
At least 52 Lebanese people were killed and 72 wounded in Israeli airstrikes in northeastern Lebanon.[341]
An Israeli airstrike on a home in Amhaz killed at least 12 people and injured several others.[342][343]
2 November
Israeli kidnapping
The IDF claimed it had killed a commander of the Nasser Brigade rocket unit of Hezbollah, Jaafar Khader Faoura,[344] and captured an unnamed "senior Hezbollah operative" from northern Lebanon and transported them into Israeli territory. The Lebanese government stated that it would file a complaint to the United Nations Security Council in response to the abduction.[345]
Hezbollah rocket attack
A rocket fired by Hezbollah injured 19 people in Tayibe in central Israel.[346]
3 November
At least three people were killed and nine wounded in an Israeli strike in Haret Saida.[347][348]
5 November
An Israeli strike on a residential building in Barja killed at least 30 people and injured several others including a woman and her child.[349]
A IDF soldier died from wounds suffered in the north.[49]
7 November
UNIFIL confirmed that five of its Malaysian peacekeepers were injured by an Israeli airstrike on Sidon.[350][351] This was followed by a statement from the Lebanese Army who confirmed that three of its soldiers were also injured in the same attack.[351] The attack was heavily condemned by France, which called for an immediate cessation of hostilities and the complete implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1701 to enable displaced people in Israel and Lebanon to safely return home.[352]
8 November
An IDF soldier died from wounds sustained on 26 October.[49]
10 November
An Israeli airstrike in Aalmat village, Lebanon, killed at least 23 people, including seven children, and injured six others.[353]
An Israeli strike on a civil defense centre affiliated to the Islamic Mission Scouts Association in Ras al-Ain, Lebanon killed 15 people and injured two others.[354][355]
11 November
An Israeli airstrike on a building in Ain Yaaqoub killed at least 14 people, injured 15 others and trapped some people under the rubble.[356]
12 November
An Israeli air strike in Joun killed 15 people including eight women and four children and wounded 12 others.[357]
13 November
Six IDF soldiers from the Golani Brigade were killed in southern Lebanon.[49]
14 November
The IDF struck a building in the vicinity of Beirut International Airport, and footage shared by Lebanese media showed a passenger plane being taxied on the runway near the strike.[358] An Israeli airstrike on a civil defense center in Duris, Lebanon killed at least 15 people.[359][360][361] One IDF platoon commander of the Golani Brigade was killed in Lebanon.[49]
15 November
Twelve paramedics were killed in an Israeli airstrike on Duris.[362] One IDF soldier of the Golani Brigade was killed in south Lebanon.[49]
16 November
Israeli troops reached the deepest point in Lebanon since the start of the invasion. They briefly captured a hill in Chamaa and according to Lebanese state media, destroyed the Shrine of Shamoun Al Safa. Israeli warplanes attacked Dahiyeh, wounding a teenage girl, and also attacked Tyre. A strike on Khreibeh killed a family of six.[363]
19 November
UNICEF spokesperson James Elder stated that more than 200 children have been killed since the start of the Israeli invasion.[364][365][366] One IDF soldier was killed in south Lebanon.[49]
20 November
Three IDF soldiers were killed in southern Lebanon.[49]
22 November
Lebanon's health ministry stated that a hospital director and six others were killed by an Israeli airstrike in northeastern Lebanon, and a separate Israeli airstrike killed five paramedics in southern Lebanon.[62]
23 November
An Israeli airstrike on a building in Basta area of Beirut Central District targeting Hezbollah official Muhammad Haydar killed at least 29 people and injured 67 others.[367][368][369] The target was reportedly not present in the building.[370]
26 November
IDF troops reached the Litani River hours before Israel's security cabinet reached a ceasefire with Hezbollah.[371] The ceasefire stipulates that Hezbollah's militants would leave the border with Israel in exchange for the withdrawal of Israeli troops from southern Lebanon.[372][373]
27 November
The IDF estimated that it killed several dozens of Hezbollah operatives in its strikes on a Radwan Force base in Beqaa Valley in the night leading up to the truce.[374] The ceasefire deal between Israel and Hezbollah went into effect at 4:00 a.m. UTC+02:00.[375]
28 November
This section needs expansion with: what conditions of the ceasefire were, or were not, being met by Hezbolah prior to "opening fire". You can help by adding to itadding to it or making an edit request. (December 2024) |
Despite the ceasefire being in effect, Israel continued its offensive, with the IDF opening fire on at least six targets in southern Lebanon, with the Lebanese Army stating that the IDF was in violation of the ceasefire. Additionally, the IDF told Lebanese citizens not to move south of the Litani River.[376]
29 November
Despite the ceasefire being in effect, the IDF continued its offensive into Khiam.[377]
2 December
Hezbollah launched two mortars towards Shebaa Farms, claiming that it was responding defensively to repeated ceasefire violations by the IDF.[378] In response, the IDF struck dozens of Hezbollah members and rocket launchers, including the one used in the mortar attack.[379] Six people were killed in Haris and four others in Talloussah.[380][381]
9 December
Four IDF soldiers were killed in a tunnel explosion during an operational detonation of a Hezbollah cache in south Lebanon.[47]
Impacts
Lebanese healthcare
According to a CNN analysis of verified Lebanese Health Ministry data, between 23 September and 23 October, Israeli airstrikes damaged 34 hospitals, hit 107 ambulances, and killed 111 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in Lebanon. The analysis also found that Israel had dropped bombs within "lethal proximity", 340 metres (1,120 ft), of at least 19 hospitals and within 500 metres (1,600 ft) of 24 hospitals.[307]
According to the Lebanese health ministry, Israeli strikes targeted 40 hospitals, 84 medical and ambulance centers, and a total of 243 medical facilities, killing at least 178 Lebanese medical staff members since October 2023.[382]
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that it would be unable to "deliver a large shipment of trauma and medical supplies" originally scheduled for October 4 to Lebanon due to the almost complete closure of Beirut's airport.[77] In a statement released on 16 October, the WHO stated that "[Israeli] attacks on hospitals and health workers jeopardize provision of health in Lebanon," adding that "out of 207 primary health care centres and dispensaries in conflict-affected areas, 100 are now closed."[383]
Early in the invasion, the near total closure of Beirut's airport prevented medical aid supply deliveries from the WHO.[77]
During the invasion, hospitals in Lebanon have experienced an increase in patients with miscarriages, early births, and other pregnancy complications, as people have been forced to flee their homes.[384]
At least one case of cholera has been confirmed in Lebanon, emerging from the poor sanitation and water conditions those displaced have been living in. The crowded shelters and public schools used to house the displaced population combined with the strained healthcare system have prompted fears of communicable disease outbreaks.[385]
Casualties
Since mid-September 2024, Israeli strikes on Lebanon have killed at least 2,267 people and injured 11,022 more, according to a CNN tally.[382] While in Mid-November 2024 Lebanon Ministry of Public Health reported 3,583 killed, including 231 children.[386] UNICEF confirmed that more than 200 children has been killed.[366] The Lebanese Health Ministry has reported that most Lebanese killed by Israel are civilians.[56][78][387]
Additionally, at least 1.2 million Lebanese civilians have been displaced as a result of Israeli bombings and evacuation orders, which the United Nations described as "the largest wave of displacement Lebanon has seen in decades".[77]
War crimes
By Israel
Human Rights Watch states that it has documented "flagrant violations of the laws of war and war crimes by the Israeli military, including apparently deliberate or indiscriminate attacks on journalists, civilians, medics, financial institutions, and peacekeepers, in addition to the widespread and unlawful use of white phosphorus in populated areas, among other violations."[388] Twenty NGOs have called on the UN members states of the UN Human Rights Council to convene a Special Session on the situation in Lebanon to investigate all violations of humanitarian and human rights law.[389]
Killing of civilians in Lebanon
On 5 November 2023, an Israeli airstrike hit a car near Ainata, Lebanon, killing three children and their grandmother, and injuring their mother. The IDF admitted to striking the vehicle.[390] Human Rights Watch stated that their killings should be investigated as an apparent war crime.[391] Najib Mikati, Lebanon's caretaker prime minister, called the attack a "heinous crime" and said that Lebanon would file a complaint to the UN Security Council.[390] According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, at least 78 Syrian civilians were killed by the IDF.[392]
Attacks on Lebanese healthcare facilities and healthcare workers
According to Al Jazeera, Israel has "carried out more than 280 attacks on emergency medical facilities in Lebanon" in the first 13 months of the invasion. This has resulted in the deaths of at least 208 health care workers, and 311 other injuries.[393] Targeting health establishments and units, including hospitals and their medical staff, is illegal under international humanitarian law.[394] Human Rights Watch states that it has documented three Israeli attacks on Lebanese medical workers and healthcare facilities and refers to the attacks as "apparent war crimes."[395]
Attacks on civilian Hezbollah targets
In October 2024, Israel bombed financial institutions it stated were affiliated with Hezbollah, leading Amnesty International to state the strikes should be investigated as possible war crimes.[396]
Attacks on journalists
Reporters without Borders called for an independent investigation into a "possible war crime" in response to an Israeli airstrike that hit a guesthouse in the town of Hasbaya killing and injuring several journalists.[397]
Attacks on UNIFIL positions
In October 2024, Israel attacked the UNIFIL peacekeeping bases in southern Lebanon. In response, UNIFL stated, "Any deliberate attack on peacekeepers is a grave violation of international humanitarian law and of Security Council resolution 1701".[398] According to the Israeli Ambassador to the UN, "Hezbollah terrorists are using UNIFIL outposts as hiding places and as places of ambushes."[399] Human Rights Watch has called for a UN inquiry on the Israeli military's repeated attacks on UNIFIL's peacekeepers.[400]
Reactions
Lebanese government
The government of Lebanon and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) issued a statement stating they would not be getting involved in the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, following a meeting between Commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces Joseph Aoun and Speaker of Parliament Nabih Berri.[8] The LAF withdrew some personnel from observation posts along the blue line, however, despite this, they have given no intention of withdrawing from territory south of the Litani River and have stated they will "respond to Israeli fire on its positions."[8][89] Prime Minister of Lebanon, Najib Mikati, has offered to deploy the LAF along the Blue Line if Hezbollah withdraws to the Litani River.[401][402]
Foreign Policy reported that "Lebanese and Western military officials as well as local politicians and notables" stated the LAF would stay out of the conflict "as long as it can" due to concerns that the LAF doesn't have the capability to win, or even credibly participate in fighting as the LAF only numbers 70,000 soldiers, many of whom also work other jobs, lacks any fighter jets and only owns outdated tanks.[401] Instead the LAF is focusing on being a "police force" to keep the various internal factions within Lebanon at peace while Hezbollah and Israel fight.[401][402] Additionally, the LAF has no intention of siding with Hezbollah, as that would cause all western arms shipments to the LAF to cease, since Hezbollah is recognized by the LAF's arms suppliers as a terrorist organization.[401][403] However, the LAF is at risk of losing the position of "the only legitimate defender of Lebanon" to Hezbollah should it remain out of the conflict, which would only strengthen Hezbollah's internal support within Lebanon.[401]
International community
- Canada: Started evacuating its nationals from Lebanon by reserving 800 passenger seats on available commercial flights. Foreign Minister Mélanie Joly said that "The security situation in Lebanon is becoming increasingly dangerous and volatile".[404]
- China: The Spokesperson of the Foreign Ministry stated that China opposes "the violation of Lebanon's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity."[405] China's embassy in Beirut announced on 2 October that it had evacuated over 200 Chinese citizens and their family members from Lebanon to China and Cyprus.[406]
- Colombia: The Foreign Ministry organized the evacuation of 117 Colombians from Lebanon in Beirut by Colombia's Air Force while it was delivering humanitarian aide on 2 October.[407] In a statement on the evacuations, the Foreign Ministry "reiterate[d] Colombia's rejection of any military action against innocent citizens and call[ed] for an immediate ceasefire".[408]
- Denmark: Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen stated that she supports an international intervention to support the two-state solution and end the conflict.[409]
- France: Deployed a naval warship off the coast of Lebanon to aid in the evacuation of its nationals,[404] as well as sent humanitarian aid to Lebanon with the plane used on the way back to evacuate French citizens.[410] Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot traveled to Lebanon two days prior to the start of the invasion, stating France "stands with Lebanon" ahead of a war "it did not choose".[411] On 8 October, he called Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's rhetoric on Israel's military operations in Lebanon a "provocation".[410]
- Ireland: President Michael D. Higgins criticized Israel's actions as "outrageous" after it ordered an Irish UNIFIL peacekeeping unit to abandon their outpost in southern Lebanon.[412]
- Italy: Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani announced that Italy would be willing to send troops to the UN for the establishment of a Palestinian state due to instability caused by the invasion.[413]
- Jordan: Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ayman Safadi talked to Lebanese prime minister Najib Mikati and expressed Jordan's support for Lebanese sovereignty.[414] Additionally, Abdullah II directed two aid planes to Lebanon.
- NATO: Secretary-General Mark Rutte expressed hope that "hostilities will end as soon as possible".[415]
- Oman: The Foreign Ministry released a statement saying that it "expresses the Sultanate of Oman's condemnation and denunciation of the raids launched by the Israeli occupation forces on Lebanese territory." It also iterated Oman's "solidarity with the sisterly Lebanese Republic" and its "complete rejection of any violations of Lebanon's sovereignty and territory".[416]
- Palestinian Authority: Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas accused Israel of "genocide".[417]
- Qatar: Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani held phone calls with Lebanon's army chief and prime minister expressing "deep concern" over the situation.[418] Minister for international cooperation, Lolwah Al-Khater condemned the attack, stating on X that "A monster has been unleashed in our region".[419]
- Russia: Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov stated that Moscow is concerned with the recent escalation in Lebanon.[420] The Foreign Ministry condemned Israel's invasion and called on Israel to "immediately cease hostilities, withdraw their troops from Lebanese territory and engage in a real search for peaceful ways to resolve the Middle East conflict."[421]
- Turkey: The Foreign Ministry stated the attack violates Lebanon's sovereignty.[422] President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, accused Israel of "genocide".[423]
- United Arab Emirates: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that it held "deep concern" about the situation, that it had "reaffirmed its unwavering position towards the unity of Lebanon, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity", and that President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan had "directed the delivery of an urgent $100m relief package to the people of Lebanon".[415]
- United Kingdom: Foreign Secretary David Lammy stated the UK had chartered a commercial flight for its citizens wishing to leave Lebanon and that the flight would leave on 2 October from Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport adding that "The safety of British citizens in Lebanon is our absolute priority".[404] Prior to the start of the invasion, Lammy had called for a "an immediate ceasefire" and "a political solution".[424]
- United States: During a 30 September press conference, President Joe Biden responded to a reporter's question on Israel's actions in Lebanon saying he was aware of Israel's plans, but "comfortable with them stopping", adding "we should have a ceasefire now."[425] On 1 October however, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin told Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant that the United States supported Israel's ground offensive.[415] On 7 October, State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller said the United States supports Israel's "ability to target militants, to degrade Hezbollah's infrastructure, to degrade Hezbollah's capability".[426]
- European Union: On 14 October, Spain and Ireland requested the European Commission to suspend the EU–Israel Association Agreement as human rights (article 2 of the Agreement) are being violated by Israel due to its invasion of Lebanon.[427]
Evacuations
Since the escalation of the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, many countries have called on their citizens to leave Lebanon and/or started evacuating them such as Australia, Canada, Colombia, Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.[428][429]
In the case of the United States, the U.S. Embassy in Beirut announced on 27 September 2024 that it was "not evacuating U.S. citizens at this time."[430][431] In response, U.S. Representative Rashida Tlaib stated the State Department was "leaving Americans behind and failing to protect their own citizens".[432] After the U.S. government announced a first flight, Al Jazeera wrote: "State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller said the flight carried 100 US citizens – a fraction of the nearly 6,000 Americans who have contacted the US embassy for information and help."[433] Lebanese-Americans filed a class-action lawsuit against the State Department in the hopes of expediting an evacuation.[434]
Evacuation has been taking place through the use of the countries' military aircraft, chartered flights or maritime routes via Cyprus. As of 5 October 2024, many airlines have indefinitely shut their services at Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport due to Israeli airstrikes hitting areas nearby, though Lebanon's Middle East Airlines and regional carriers such as Iraqi Airways and Saudi Arabian Airlines have been operating.[435]
Analysis
United States' waning influence
Writing for The Guardian, Andrew Roth assessed that the invasion showed Israel's willingness to ignore its chief ally, the United States, and the latter's lack of influence over the Netanyahu government. Aaron David Miller, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, stated that this was in part caused by the Democrats trying to avoid criticising Netanyahu before the U.S. presidential elections. Analysts believe that Netanyahu has a limited time frame before the US elections to attack Iranian proxies in the region.[436] Writers for ITV News, The Washington Post, and Politico agreed that the invasion highlighted the waning influence the U.S. government has on Israel.[437][438][439]
Personal motivations of Netanyahu
According to CNN's Stephen Collinson as well as Israeli observers, there is a long-standing suspicion among observers in Washington that Netanyahu has a strong personal interest in continuing the war to make amends for his failure to prevent the 7 October attacks and to delay ongoing legal proceedings against him for bribery, fraud, and breach of public trust.[440][441]
Hezbollah capabilities
Prior the ground invasion, the Institute for the Study of War (ISW) on September 28 noted that while Israeli strikes led to "temporary organizational paralysis" and "internal disarray", Hezbollah "should be able to overcome this disruption, however, if given the time and space to do so", and furthermore that killed Hezbollah commanders "have deputies who should in principle be able to fill those roles and help the force recover" despite "difficult circumstance". The ISW termed damage done to Hezbollah's leadership as "short term" and a "temporary effect" if given the chance to reconstitute.[35]
On 5 October, the ISW reported that Hezbollah capabilities may have not been as degraded as previously thought, despite the extensive Israeli killing of its commanders and likely reduction in combat effectiveness of some of its forces. The report stated that Hezbollah has kept the bulk of its forces in positions deeper inside Lebanon while only engaging in limited-contact attacks against the IDF at the frontlines, concluding that the group "retains effective command-and-control at least at the tactical level and possibly higher".[442] Writing for the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Daniel Byman assessed that Israel had learnt lessons from the 2006 Lebanon War and had a number of intelligence successes prior to the invasion, such as the detonation of pagers used by Hezbollah. However, Byman also noted that Hezbollah had expanded its rocket arsenal since, and benefited from a number of factors such as being able to retreat away from the border and dragging the war out to its benefit.[443] The New Statesman noted that though Israel enjoyed military superiority over Hezbollah, the latter had been able to bounce back from prior military defeats, and could exploit the fact that Israel is unlikely to win the conflict on the battlefield alone.[444]
The ISW reported on 28 October that Hezbollah's military forces in southern Lebanon were disorganized and struggling against the IDF, which have effectively disrupted their operations. It also claimed that despite Hezbollah's attempts to portray itself as a competent military organization, it had failed to execute significant military strategies and lost valuable equipment to the IDF.[445]
Israel's methods
According to Karim Emilie Bitar, a professor of international relations at the Saint Joseph University of Beirut, IDF airstrikes outside of south Lebanon are meant to foster civil strife.[446] Israel's methods were met with criticism in Israel, with Israeli media complaining that 50,000 Israeli soldiers had gotten bogged down against Hezbollah, failing to make any gains.[447]
See also
Notes
- ^ The Lebanese government stated they will stay out of the conflict between Hezbollah and Israel, but would respond to Israeli attacks on their positions.[8]
- ^ Although UNIFIL is a peacekeeping force and is not actively engaged in hostilities, its positions have been targeted and its peacekeepers have suffered casualties.[10]
- ^ The IDF announced the start of the operation at 2:00 AM local time, following earlier reports of Israeli incursions, which had been denied by the IDF.[11]
- ^ See UNIFIL's contributing countries for more detailed information on the forces contributed by each country.
- ^ IDF casualties:[47][48][49][50]
- ^ UNIFIL casualties: [70][71][72][73][74][75]
References
- ^ a b Dana Polak (6 October 2024). "Al-Abbas Force". Israel Alma.
- ^ "Muslim Brotherhood in Lebanon after Gaza and Hezbollah War". 30 October 2024. Archived from the original on 10 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ "Three SSNP members killed in southern Lebanon while 'confronting Israeli forces'". L'Orient Today.
- ^ "Iran Update, October 28, 2024". Institute for the Study of War.
- ^ "كتائب الشهيد أبو علي مصطفى تزفّ الشهيد سليمان الأحمد الذي استشهد خلال تصديه للعدوان "الإسرائيلي" على لبنان عند الحدود" [The Martyr Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades mourn the martyr Suleiman Al-Ahmad, who was martyred while confronting the "Israeli" aggression on Lebanon at the border]. Al-Ahed News (in Arabic). 26 October 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
- ^ "Iran Update, November 4, 2024". Institute for the Study of War.
- ^ "حزب الله لا يخوض حرب المحور وحيدًا.. الفصائل العراقية هناك و"قدمت شهداء" (تفاصيل)" [Hezbollah is not fighting the axis war alone.. Iraqi factions are there and "offered martyrs" (details)]. baghdadtoday.news. 30 October 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
- ^ a b c Deeb, Josephine (5 October 2024). "Not neutral but not fighting: Lebanon's army walks tightrope on Israeli invasion". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Lebanon army says returns fire at Israel for first time after soldier killed". Gulf News. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Israeli forces again target UN peacekeepers in southern Lebanon". Al Jazeera. 11 October 2024. Archived from the original on 11 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Israel Defense Forces [@IDF] (30 September 2024). "In accordance with the decision of the political echelon, a few hours ago, the IDF began limited, localized, and targeted ground raids based on precise intelligence against Hezbollah terrorist targets and infrastructure in southern Lebanon. These targets are located in villages close to the border and pose an immediate threat to Israeli communities in northern Israel. The IDF is operating according to a methodical plan set out by the General Staff and the Northern Command which IDF soldiers have trained and prepared for in recent months. The Israeli Air Force and IDF Artillery are supporting the ground forces with precise strikes on military targets in the area. These operations were approved and carried out in accordance with the decision of the political echelon. Operation "Northern Arrows" will continue according to the situational assessment and in parallel to combat in Gaza and in other arenas. The IDF is continuing to operate to achieve the goals of the war and is doing everything necessary to defend the citizens of Israel and return the citizens of northern Israel to their homes" (Tweet). Retrieved 1 October 2024 – via Twitter.
- ^ Ephrat Livni (3 December 2024). "Why Israel and Hezbollah Are Still Firing Amid a Cease-Fire". The New York Times.
A deal to end the fighting between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon went into effect last Wednesday, but already there have been multiple claims of cease-fire violations by either side. They have continued to fire on each other, though at a far less intense pace, raising questions about the durability of the truce.
- ^ Yonah Jeremy Bob (1 October 2024). "IDF division that broke Hamas in Khan Yunis spearheads Lebanon invasion". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
The IDF's invasion of southern Lebanon late Monday night was led by Division 98 and its commander, Brig. Gen. Guy Levi, who also led the commando unit, the Egoz special forces unit, the paratroopers, and Brigade 7 of the Tank Corp.
- ^ a b Israel, David (1 October 2024). "7th Armored Brigade Commander: Not One More Day of Hezbollah Threatening our Homes and Communities". The Jewish Press. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d "הלחימה מתרחבת: אוגדה נוספת הצטרפה ללחימה בלבנון" (in Hebrew). Makor Rishon. 8 October 2024. Archived from the original on 8 October 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
- ^ a b c "Iran Update (30 September 2024)". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ a b c "עוצבת 'הגליל' החלה בפעילות קרקעית ממוקדת בדרום לבנון" [HaGalil design began focused ground operations in southern Lebanon]. Israel Defense Forces. Archived from the original on 10 October 2024. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
- ^ זיתון, יואב (7 October 2024). "הפעילות בדרום לבנון מתרחבת: עוצבת הגליל מצטרפת לתמרון". Ynet. Archived from the original on 10 October 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
- ^ "Iran Update, November 12, 2024". Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 13 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
- ^ "לוחמי אוגדה 98 מתמרנים בדרום לבנון: "אחרי חודשים רבים ברצועת עזה"" [Fighters of the 98th Division are maneuvering in southern Lebanon: "After many months in the Gaza Strip"]. Ynet. 1 October 2024. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ "Israel war on Gaza, Lebanon updates: Iran fires missiles at Israel | Gaza News | Al Jazeera". 1 October 2024. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
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The incident this morning (Wednesday), in which six Nut fighters fell , began around 04:30, with an attack launched by Egoz fighters who encountered terrorists in the building. Immediately after the encounter, heavy fire began on the forces from small arms, anti-tank weapons and rocket launchers. The forces began a major evacuation effort of the casualties under heavy fire and the bravery shown by the medical and rescue forces from the ground and the air of Unit 669. Even before the incident, yesterday there were two face-to-face encounters that ended with the elimination of six terrorists by the Egoz fighters without any soldiers being injured, and in total about 50 Hezbollah terrorists were eliminated by the commando fighters since the beginning of the operation on Monday night.
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- ^ Hagari, Daniel [@IDFspokesperson] (30 September 2024). "בהתאם להחלטת הדרג המדיני, צה״ל החל לפני מספר שעות בפעולה קרקעית ממוקדת ומתוחמת במרחב דרום לבנון נגד יעדי ותשתיות טרור של ארגון הטרור חיזבאללה, במספר כפרים סמוכים לגבול, מהם נשקף איום מיידי וממשי ליישובים ישראלים בגבול הצפון. צה״ל פועל על פי תוכנית סדורה שתוכננה במטה הכללי ובפיקוד הצפון, ואליה הכוחות התאמנו ונערכו בחודשים האחרונים. הכוחות הקרקעיים מלווים במאמץ תקיפות של חיל האוויר וכוחות תותחנים, שתוקפים מטרות צבאיות באיזור במאמץ מתואם עם לוחמי כוחות היבשה. שלבי המערכה אושרו ומתבצעים בהתאם להחלטת הדרג המדיני. מבצע ״חיצי הצפון״ נמשך על פי הערכת המצב במקביל ללחימה בעזה ובזירות נוספות. צה״ל ממשיך להילחם ולפעול להשגת מטרות המלחמה, ועושה כל מה שנדרש על מנת להגן על אזרחי מדינת ישראל ולהשיב את תושבי הצפון לבתיהם בביטחון. אנו מבקשים לא להעביר שמועות ודיווחים לא רשמיים על אודות פעילות כוחות צה״ל, ולהיצמד להודעות הרשמיות בלבד" [In accordance with the decision of the political echelon, the IDF began a few hours ago a targeted and delimited ground operation in southern Lebanon against terrorist targets and infrastructures of the terrorist organization Hezbollah, in a number of villages near the border, which pose an immediate and real threat to Israeli settlements on the northern border. The IDF operates according to a regular plan designed by the General Headquarters and the Northern Command, for which the forces have trained and prepared in recent months. The ground forces are accompanied in an attack effort by the air force and artillery forces, which attack military targets in the area in a coordinated effort with the fighters of the ground forces. The stages of the campaign have been approved and are being carried out in accordance with the decision of the political level. Operation "Northern Arrows" continues according to the assessment of the situation at the same time as the fighting in Gaza and other arenas. The IDF continues to fight and act to achieve the goals of the war, and does everything necessary to protect the citizens of the State of Israel and return the residents of the north to their homes safely. We ask not to pass on rumors and unofficial reports about the activities of the IDF forces, and to stick to the official announcements only] (Tweet) (in Hebrew). Retrieved 30 September 2024 – via Twitter.
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The Israeli army has issued an "urgent" warning to residents of 25 villages in southern Lebanon to evacuate their homes immediately. It added that residents should immediately head north of the Awali River.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair (1 October 2024). "'Heavy fighting': Israeli army issues warning for Litani River area". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
The Israeli army says intense fighting with Hezbollah is taking place in southern Lebanon, spokesperson Avichay Adraee posted on X. He also issued a warning for residents not to move in their vehicles from the northern area to the southern area of the Litani River. In northern Israel, projectiles were fired at the Metula and Avivim areas, the military said, adding some were intercepted while others fell in open areas.
- ^ "We are not currently fighting face to face in Lebanon – IDF". BBC News. 1 October 2024. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (1 October 2024). "Israelis told to stay near shelters, Lebanese urged north as troops push across border". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "ن غفير: القوات الإسرائيلية تخوض حاليا قتالا في ظروف ليست سهلة في جنوب لبنان" [Ben Gvir: Israeli forces are currently fighting in difficult conditions in southern Lebanon]. Elnashra (in Arabic). 1 October 2024. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ "IDF destroys over 100 Hezbollah terror targets in Lebanon". The Jerusalem Post. 1 October 2024. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair (1 October 2024). "Israeli military bombs home in Lebanese town of al-Dawoudiya, killing 10". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
The Israeli military bombed a home in the southern Lebanese town of Daoudiya, killing at least 10 people and wounding five others, the Lebanese National News Agency reports.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair (1 October 2024). "Israeli military says 10 rockets launched from Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
Roughly 10 rocket launches were detected crossing from southern Lebanon, the Israeli military said, triggering alerts in the Meron area of northern Israel.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair (1 October 2024). "Explosion reported in Tel Aviv area, drone intercepted over sea". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
The Israeli military has also announced it has intercepted a drone over the Mediterranean Sea, dozens of kilometres off the coast of central Israel.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair (1 October 2024). "Hezbollah says attacks on Israeli forces continue". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
Not only have they been firing rockets at northern Israel since midnight, they say they have carried out 12 separate attacks against Israeli positions, Israeli forces, and Israeli settlements.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair (1 October 2024). "Israeli military announces three rocket launches from Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
Israeli defence systems intercepted two rocket launches in the Upper Galilee region after crossing into northern Israel from southern Lebanon, while a third rocket fell into an open area in the Baram region.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair (1 October 2024). "Hezbollah fires artillery at Israeli troops in Metula". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
Hezbollah attacked "a movement of enemy soldiers in Metula with artillery shells", it said in a statement. In another, it said it targeted a "gathering of enemy soldiers" in the same area with rockets.
- ^ Gadzo, Mersiha; Uras, Umut (1 October 2024). "Israeli army says it intercepted rockets fired from Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
The Israeli military says "a number of" rockets that crossed into the territory of Israel from Lebanon have been detected and some of them have been intercepted. The Israeli media reported, quoting medical sources, that a man in his 50s has been moderately wounded in the rocket attack on central Israel.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (1 October 2024). "Hezbollah claims fire on central Israel, says it targeted IDF intel base near Herzliya with 'Fadi-4' missiles". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ Mersiha Gadzo; Umut Uras (1 October 2024). "Israeli army says dozens of rockets fired at northern areas from Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
About 30 rockets were launched from Lebanon at northern Israel in the last few hours, an Israeli military statement says.
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- ^ Lowe, Yohannes; Belam, Martin; Yerushalmy, Jonathan (1 October 2024). "Israel carried out at least two airstrikes in Dahieh, the southern suburbs of Beirut on Tuesday afternoon, with the sounds of the strikes heard across the city and two smoke plumes seen emanating from Dahieh. A low-flying drone was heard flying over Beirut and Dahieh for at least an hour preceding the strikes, the target of which was unclear". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ Adler, Nils (1 October 2024). "Israeli military claim to have killed Hezbollah commander". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
The Israeli military says its air force has killed Hezbollah member Muhammad Jaafar Qasir in Beirut. It says Qasir was the commander of the unit responsible for the transfer of weapons from Iran to Hezbollah in Lebanon.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair (1 October 2024). "At least 5 people confirmed death following Israeli attack in Sidon". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
At least five people are now confirmed dead following the Israeli military strike on the Ein al-Hilweh refugee camp in the coastal city in southern Lebanon. Earlier, we reported that the Israeli air attack hit the home of Munir al-Maqdah, a brigadier general with the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade in Lebanon – a coalition of Palestinian armed groups aligned with the Fatah movement.
- ^ "Israel strikes three anti-aircraft radar stations in southern Syria, sources say". The Jerusalem Post. 1 October 2024. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ "Iran launches hundreds of rockets into Israel in massive aerial attack". The Jerusalem Post. 1 October 2024. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ "Israel says missiles launched from Iran". Al Jazeera. 1 October 2024. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
The Israeli newspaper Haaretz, citing Israeli rescue services, reports that two people have been lightly wounded in Tel Aviv after the Iranian missile attack.
- ^ "Iran's IRGC say attack on Israel response to killing of Nasrallah". Al Jazeera. 1 October 2024. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "Palestinian reported killed by shrapnel from Iran attack in West Bank". The Times of Israel. 1 October 2024. Archived from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah says it forced Israeli soldiers to retreat from Lebanese town". Al Jazeera. 2 October 2024. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ a b "In first fatalities of Lebanon ground op, 8 IDF soldiers killed in battle with Hezbollah". The Times of Israel. 2 October 2024. Archived from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ McCready, Alastair; Siddiqui, Usaid (2 October 2024). "Hezbollah says clashes ongoing with Israeli troops near border". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
The Lebanese group says fighting is ongoing with Israeli forces infiltrating the town of Maroun al-Ras from its eastern side. Hezbollah said its fighters had "inflicted several casualties among them".
- ^ "IDF announces death of Cpt. Ben Zion Falach during fighting in south Lebanon yesterday". The Times of Israel. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Doyle, Kevin (3 October 2024). "WATCH: Israel strikes Bekaa Valley – At least 11 people killed in east Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
Four children and three adults were killed when three homes in the Bekaa Valley were destroyed by an Israeli air strike in the early hours of Wednesday morning.
- ^ "אוגדה 36 מצטרפת לפעילות הקרקעית הממוקדת בדרום לבנון" [The 36th Division joins the ground activity focused on southern Lebanon]. Israel Defense Forces. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "אוגדה 36 מצטרפת לפעילות הקרקעית בלבנון" [The 36th Division joins the ground operations in Lebanon]. Maariv. 2 October 2024. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "IDF says around 100 rockets fired at northern Israel so far today, no injuries reported". The Times of Israel. 2 October 2024. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ McCready, Alastair; Siddiqui, Usaid (2 October 2024). "Hezbollah claims large missile barrage to Israel's Haifa city". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
The Lebanese armed group says it targeted areas north of the Israeli port city with a large missile salvo.
- ^ McCready, Alastair; Siddiqui, Usaid (2 October 2024). "Hezbollah carries out several attacks against Israeli forces near the border". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
Hezbollah also bombed the Shtula settlement, where Israeli forces are staging on the border, and hit a large infantry force in the Misgav Am settlement with missiles and artillery.
- ^ McCready, Alastair; Siddiqui, Usaid (2 October 2024). "Israel again targets Lebanon's capital". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
"Israeli aircraft targeted the southern suburbs with a strike," Lebanon's official National News Agency reported.
- ^ "תיעוד ראשון של חטיבת הקומנדו והצנחנים בדרום לבנון" [First documentation of the commando and paratrooper brigade in southern Lebanon]. Israel Defense Forces. Archived from the original on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ "Central Beirut Israeli strike death toll rises to nine". euronews. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ^ McCready, Alastair; Siddiqui, Usaid (2 October 2024). "Hezbollah says clashes ongoing with Israeli troops near border". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
The Lebanese group says fighting is ongoing with Israeli forces infiltrating the town of Maroun al-Ras from its eastern side. Hezbollah said its fighters had "inflicted several casualties among them".
- ^ McCready, Alastair; Siddiqui, Usaid (2 October 2024). "Israeli forces cross 'Blue Line': Lebanon army". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
"An Israeli enemy force breached the Blue Line approximately 400 metres into Lebanese territory in the areas of Khirbet Yaroun and Odaisseh, then withdrew after a short period," the army said on X.
- ^ "IDF says troops in south Lebanon engaged in close-quarters combat with Hezbollah operatives". The Times of Israel. 2 October 2024. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ McCready, Alastair; Siddiqui, Usaid (2 October 2024). "Lebanese army says soldier hurt in Israeli drone attack". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
The Lebanese army says one of its soldiers has been wounded in an Israeli drone attack. In a statement, it said the soldier was injured as an army unit worked to open a road at the entrance to the southern Lebanese town of Kawkaba.
- ^ McCready, Alastair; Siddiqui, Usaid (2 October 2024). "Hezbollah claims attack on Israeli soldiers". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
Hezbollah has issued a statement saying its fighters detonated an explosive device that killed and wounding members of an Israeli army trying circumvent Yaroun in southern Lebanon.
- ^ "Around 40 rockets from Lebanon fired toward Safed, says IDF". The Times of Israel. 2 October 2024. Archived from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Hammond, Elise (3 October 2024). "Central Beirut hit as Israel vows 'very strong' response to Iran". CNN. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Rabinovitch, Ari (2 October 2024). "Israel says eight soldiers killed in clashes with Hezbollah in Lebanon". Reuters.
- ^ Speri, Alice (1 October 2024). "Israel says 140 rockets launched by Hezbollah from Lebanon today". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Pietromarchi, Virginia; Speri, Alice (2 October 2024). "Three killed in Israeli attack on Damascus". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
Syrian state media is reporting that at least three civilians have been killed and three wounded in an Israeli strike on the capital Damascus.
- ^ Pietromarchi, Virginia; Speri, Alice (2 October 2024). "Hezbollah announces attack on Israeli infantry unity". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
The Lebanese group has said that after surveilling Israeli soldiers sheltering in a house outside the Lebanese village of Kfar Kila, its fighters detonated an explosive device in the building and then targeted it with bullets and rocket-propelled grenades. Hezbollah said all members of the unit were either killed or injured, without specifying the number of casualties.
- ^ Pietromarchi, Virginia; Speri, Alice (2 October 2024). "Hezbollah claims rocket attack against Israeli troops". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
The Lebanese group says it fired a "large salvo" of rockets against a group of Israeli soldiers in the town of Ya'ara in northern Israel.
- ^ Khodr, Zeina (3 October 2024). "Report from scene of Beirut city centre air attack". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Israeli Air Strike Targets Hezbollah Rescuers In Central Beirut: Source Close To Movement". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 2 October 2024. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Marsi, Federica; Varshalomidze, Tamila (3 October 2024). "Lebanese soldier killed in Israeli attack on the south". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
The Lebanese army says an Israeli attack has killed one soldier and wounded another while carrying out a rescue and evacuation mission with the Lebanese Red Cross in the town of Taybeh in the Marjayoun district.
- ^ "Red Cross claims Lebanese soldier killed, 4 medics wounded in Israeli strike on convoy". The Times of Israel. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Marsi, Federica; Varshalomidze, Tamila (3 October 2024). "Second Lebanese soldier killed in Israeli attack". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
The Lebanese army says a soldier has been killed in an Israeli attack on a military post in the Bint Jbeil area of southern Lebanon. It added in a statement that its soldiers responded to the sources of fire.
- ^ "IDF says Bat Yam attack included 2 drones, with one shot down and other landing in open". The Times of Israel. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Doyle, Kevin (3 October 2024). "Hezbollah fires surface-to-air missiles at at Israeli helicopter". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
Hezbollah said it fired surface-to-air missiles at an Israeli military helicopter flying over Beit Hillel in northern Israel, forcing it to retreat.
- ^ Marsi, Federica (3 October 2024). "Israeli forces down drones from Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
The Israeli army says two drones launched from Lebanon. About 25 rockets were also launched from Lebanon, the military said in a statement.
- ^ a b Marsi, Federica; Varshalomidze, Tamila (3 October 2024). "Hezbollah claims to have attacked Israeli military six more times". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
We reported earlier on more than a dozen attacks on Israeli targets by the Lebanese armed group. Since then, Hezbollah claimed to have detonated two explosive devices at dawn "when an enemy Israeli infantry force attempted to infiltrate towards the village of Maroun al-Ras" in southern Lebanon.
- ^ Marsi, Federica; Varshalomidze, Tamila (3 October 2024). "Hezbollah says detonates bomb against Israeli soldiers". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
The Lebanese group says its fighters have detonated an explosive device against a group of Israeli soldiers near Maroun al-Ras in southern Lebanon. The attack at noon local time caused deaths and injuries, Hezbollah claimed.
- ^ "10 rockets fired from Lebanon at north; no injuries or major damage reported". The Times of Israel. 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "More from Hezbollah". Al Jazeera. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ^ a b Adler, Nils; Quillen, Stephen (3 October 2024). "Hezbollah claims three more attacks". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
Israeli soldiers have been targeted with a rocket salvo in the Kafr Giladi settlement in northern Israel, the Lebanese armed group says. Hezbollah also claimed to have struck the military site and the settlement in Metula with 100 Katyusha rockets and six Falaq rockets. The group's fighters also hit the city of Safed with a salvo of rockets, the group's statement said.
- ^ "85 rockets and mortars launched from Lebanon at Metula over past hour". The Times of Israel. 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah repels 6 infiltration attempts by Israel". Middle East Monitor. 4 October 2024.
- ^ "Belgian journalists injured in Beirut bombing". The Hindu. AFP. 3 October 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "US resident killed in Israel's military campaign in Lebanon, friend says". The Jerusalem Post. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Adler, Nils; Quillen, Stephen (3 October 2024). "Hezbollah claims 17 Israeli soldiers killed". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
Hezbollah claims its fighters have killed 17 Israeli soldiers, according to a statement issued via its official Telegram channel.
- ^ "WHO: 28 health workers killed in Lebanon over 24 hours". LBCIV7. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "IDF says jets struck Hezbollah intelligence positions in Beirut". The Times of Israel. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Marsi, Federica; Varshalomidze, Tamila (3 October 2024). "Israeli army claims deadly strike on municipality building in south Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
The Israeli army says it struck the municipality building in the town of Bint Jbeil, in southern Lebanon, killing 15 people. The military claimed those killed were Hezbollah fighters and the building was used to store weapons.
- ^ "Israeli strike kills Hezbollah field commander in south Lebanon". The Times of Israel. 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "Iran Military Adviser In Syria Dies Days After Israeli Strike: Media". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "IDF says fighter jets carried out strikes on 15 Hezbollah sites in Beirut over past day". The Times of Israel. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ "פרסום ראשון: מעל מאה מחבלים חוסלו בתמרון הקרקעי בלבנון" [First publication: over a hundred terrorists were eliminated in the ground maneuver in Lebanon]. News Walla. 3 October 2024. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ^ "Nasrallah's presumed successor said to be target of heavy Israeli strike in Beirut". The Times of Israel. 3 October 2024. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Barak Ravid (3 October 2024). "Israel targets potential Hezbollah successor in Beirut airstrike". Axios. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah loses contact with leader seen as Nasrallah's successor: Sources". Al Jazeera. 5 October 2024. Archived from the original on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
- ^ Gallagher, Conor (4 October 2024). "Ireland and Unifil reject Israel's request to remove peacekeepers from Lebanese border outpost". The Irish Times. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
- ^ Slater, Sarah (5 October 2024). "'Outrageous' of Israel to threaten peacekeepers in Lebanon, President Michael D Higgins says". The Irish Times. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair (4 October 2024). "Israel launches strike on Masnaa border crossing area: Report". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
The Israeli military struck "vital transportation infrastructure" with two missiles at the border crossing between Syria and Lebanon, halting traffic between the countries. On Thursday, Israeli military spokesperson Avichay Adraee accused Hezbollah of smuggling weapons into Lebanon from Syria through the crossing.
- ^ Uras, Umut; Gostoli, Ylenia (4 October 2024). "Hezbollah claims attack on northern Israel". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
The Lebanese group says its fighters targeted Haifa city with rockets in the morning.
- ^ Uras, Umut; Gostoli, Ylenia; Motamedi, Maziar (4 October 2024). "Sirens sound in southern Israel". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
For the first time in nearly two months, the Israeli military reports sirens sounding in Gaza border communities in southern Israel. Meanwhile in the north, firefighters were working to extinguish a forest fire in the Upper Galilee after a rocket from Lebanon fell in the area, according to Israeli newspaper Haaretz. Approximately 50 instances of rockets or shrapnel falling have been reported in the past 24 hours in Metula, northern Israel, according to the head of the local council.
- ^ "Hezbollah launches over 100 rockets into Israel by 3 p.m. on Friday". The Jerusalem Post. 4 October 2024. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ^ Motamedi, Maziar; Speri, Alice; Adler, Nils; Pietromarchi, Virginia (4 October 2024). "Hezbollah says it struck Israeli soldiers in different locations". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
Hezbollah says it launched a missile attack on the Israeli Nafah base in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. In a separate message on social media, the group said it stuck a gathering of Israeli soldiers near the Maroun al-Ras plain in southern Lebanon. And with another salvo, it said it targeted the Kfar Jalaadi settlement, north of Israel.
- ^ Motamedi, Maziar; Speri, Alice; Adler, Nils; Pietromarchi, Virginia (4 October 2024). "Israeli army says it struck Hezbollah posts, intercepeted 70 rockets". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
In its latest bulletin, the Israeli army said it struck weapons warehouses and Hezbollah infrastructure, including its intelligence headquarters in the Lebanese capital Beirut.
- ^ Uras, Umut; Gostoli, Ylenia; Motamedi, Maziar (4 October 2024). "Four medics killed in Israeli air strike on southern Lebanon". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
The official National News Agency says four health workers have been killed after they were targeted by an Israeli drone strike near the governmental hospital in the town of Marjayoun.
- ^ "IDF Chief Halevi estimates at least 1,500 Hezbollah terrorists killed, some surrender". All Israel News. 19 October 2024. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
- ^ "Hezbollah kills at least eight Israeli soldiers after south Lebanon infiltration attempt". Middle East Eye. 2 October 2024. Archived from the original on 3 October 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
- ^ Menashe, Carmela (4 October 2024). "בצה"ל נערכים להרחבת התמרון הקרקעי בלבנון" [The IDF is preparing for the expansion of ground maneuvers in Lebanon]. Kan News (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 4 October 2024. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- ^ Motamedi, Maziar (5 October 2024). "Israeli air strikes across Lebanon as war on Gaza nears one-year mark". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 October 2024. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
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A "rocket salvo" was fired at a gathering of Israeli soldiers in the settlement of Kafrioufel in northern Israel. Rockets were fired at Israeli forces in the settlement of Kafr Jaladi in northern Israel. Rockets were also fired at Israeli troops in the Lebanese village of Khallet Ubair in Yaroun.
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Hezbollah said its fighters used a guided anti-armour missile to hit an Israeli Merkava tank as it was advancing in the Maroun Forest area, resulting in casualties. Hezbollah has claimed seven attacks on Israeli forces so far today as they try to expand a ground invasion of Lebanon, with the latest using a salvo of Fadi 1 missiles to hit the Ramat David military base near the northern city of Haifa, about 45km (30 miles) from the Lebanese border. The group also said its fighters launched multiple barrages of rockets to target Israeli soldiers near the border.
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The Israeli military claimed Hezbollah fighters were present inside the mosque when it was targeted but no evidence has been given. AFP news agency reported the hospital director as saying that it took a direct hit and was evacuated.
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This strike follows French President Emmanuel Macron's decision to ban military aid to Israel, suggesting a potential retaliation or message from Israel against international criticism and support for Hezbollah
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A female volunteer with the Red Cross from a town in eastern Lebanon's Baalbek has died of a head wound sustained in an Israeli air strike, according to the National News Agency (NNA).
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we understand another missile hit near a paramedic team to prevent them from getting to the scene of the bigger strike.
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We reported earlier that an Israeli drone strike on the Beddawi camp for Palestinian refugees in northern Lebanon had killed four people. Hamas has now confirmed that one of its military officials, Saeed Atallah Ali, was killed in the attack along with his wife and two young daughters.
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About half of Lebanon's school pupils have become displaced by Israel's bombardment, according to a senior Education Ministry official on Sunday, as Israel's intensifying attacks on Hezbollah strongholds have forced more than one million people to flee. 'There are 1.25 million pupils in Lebanese schools,' AFP quoted Director General of Education Imad Achkar as saying.
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Lebanon's Ministry of Health has said at least 12 people have been killed, including several children, as a result of two Israeli air raids on towns south of Beirut.
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Ten firefighters have been killed after Israeli fighters targeted a fire station affiliated with the Islamic Health Authority in the town of Baraachit, according to officials.
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An observer tower with a round from a tank directly into it, which is a very small target, has to be very deliberate, and it's a direct fire. So from a military perspective, this is not an accidental act. (Lieut. Gen Sean Clancy)
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Spokesperson Jeremy Laurence told a Geneva news briefing that "12 women and two children" were among those killed in the attack in the Christian-majority town of Aitou.
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Lebanon's Health Ministry says the death toll in Israeli attack on Aitou has gone up to 21 with eight people also wounded. It added that DNA tests are being conducted to determine the identity of the remains that were removed from the site of the attack.
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The UN refugee agency's Middle East Director Rema Jamous Imseis says new Israeli evacuation orders for 20 villages in southern Lebanon mean more than one-quarter of the country is now affected.
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The death toll from an Israeli strike on the Lebanese southern town of Qana has risen to 15, Lebanon's civil defence agency says. At least 15 others were wounded.
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Lebanon's Health Ministry says at least 18 people have now been confirmed killed, including four children, in the Israeli attack near a southern Beirut hospital late on Monday. The number of wounded in the attack close to the Rafik Hariri University Hospital now stands at 60, the ministry said.
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So far, nine bodies have been pulled from the rubble. An 18-year-old survived and is now in hospital. She was pulled out alive, but what people here are telling us is that a girl who they believe to be 17 is still stuck underneath the rubble and believed to be dead. So in this strike alone, 10 killed.
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Mahmoud Komati, vice-president of Hezbollah's political council, says the group's rocket power is still intact, refuting Israeli claims that most of its rockets have been taken out in air raids.
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Israel's military said its jet fighters hit more than 100 targets throughout Lebanon on Tuesday, claiming that dozens of "terrorists" were eliminated. Hezbollah rocket launch sites were among the targets hit, the Israeli military said in a post on social media that did not mention civilian casualties resulting from its widespread bombing of civilian areas in Lebanon.
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Israeli strikes have killed 19 people, including eight women, in two towns in the Baalbek region, the Lebanese Health Ministry announced.
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An "Israeli aggression" hit a number of residential buildings in the area of Qusayr in the southern countryside of Homs province, in central Syria, the country's news agency (SANA) reports. The attack caused "material damage" to the industrial zone of Qusayr and some of the city's residential neighbourhoods, according to the state media.
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Israel has launched an air strike on a house in the town of Amhaz, north of the Baalbek city in eastern Lebanon, according to the footage verified by Al Jazeera's fact-checking agency, Sanad. The footage showed moments of the arrival of an ambulance at the targeted location in the town amid heavy smoke rising into the sky in the area.
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15 people were killed in an Israeli raid on the civil defense centre affiliated to the Islamic Mission Scouts Association in the town of Derqim Ras Al-Ain. Israeli forces raided a house in Ain Baal, injuring five civilians who were taken to hospitals in Tyre for treatment. After midnight Israeli forces raided Sarifa, causing serious and moderate injuries to civilians being treated in Hiram Hospital in Abbasiya, and severely damaging the hospital's equipment.
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15 bodies and two wounded survivors were recovered from under the rubble in Ras al-Ain in southern Lebanon.
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Earlier we reported on a deadly Israeli air strike on the northern Lebanese town of Ain Yaaqoub. Mayor Majed Drbes says at least 14 people were killed and 15 others wounded. The strike on Ain Yaaqoub – which marks the northernmost point in Lebanon hit by Israeli forces since the war began in October 2023 – hit a building where 30 people were residing. Some people are still trapped under the rubble, said Drbes.
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The death toll from the Israeli air strike on the town of Joun in the Chouf district has now risen to 15, including eight women and four children, the Lebanese Health Ministry has said. The attack also injured 12 others, the ministry said.
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