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2024 Joe Biden–Donald Trump presidential debate

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The 2024 presidential debate between Joe Biden and Donald Trump was held on Thursday, June 27, 2024 on CNN. It was the first presidential debate of that year's United States presidential election. Joe Biden's poor performance led directly to his decision to withdraw from the presidential race one month later. Throughout the debate, Biden spoke incoherently and repeatedly appeared to lose his train of thought. His poor performance was seen to confirm the Trump campaign's main attack line that Biden was too old and frail to serve a second term as president.

First presidential debate
Date(s)June 27, 2024 (2024-06-27)
Duration90 minutes[1]
VenueTechwood Turner Campus, Studio D[2]
LocationAtlanta, Georgia
ParticipantsJoe Biden[a]
Donald Trump
FootageCNN on YouTube
Moderator(s)Jake Tapper and Dana Bash of CNN
TranscriptTranscript on CNN

During the days and weeks following the debate, Biden and his campaign sought to reassure the Democratic Party and the general public that his performance was not representative of age-related decline. He gave several interviews and a press conference, which members of the press had previously criticized him for avoiding. However, these efforts did not succeed in persuading both senior and rank-and-file members of his party to support him. In particular, former Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi is believed to have played a significant role in persuading him that his position had become untenable. On July 21, Biden formally withdrew from the race and endorsed his vice-president Kamala Harris to stand in his place.

Prelude

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Leading up to the debate, there were concerns that both Biden and Trump might refuse to participate in any debates at all. Trump chose not to appear at a scheduled debate during the 2020 general election, in addition to any of the 2024 Republican primary debates.[3] In April, most of the United States' major news organizations jointly drafted a letter to the Biden and Trump campaigns urging them to participate.[4][b] On May 15, Biden and Trump agreed to debate on June 27 with CNN and again on September 10 with ABC News.[5] The arrangement did not include the Commission on Presidential Debates, a non-profit corporation that had sponsored debates for every presidential election since 1988.[6]

In the months prior to the debate, Trump sought to raise expectations for the debate, saying Biden was the "worst debater I have ever faced; he can't put two sentences together" and criticized his performance in the latest State of the Union address. However, in the days before the debate, Trump backtracked, saying "I'm not underestimating him... I assume he's going to be somebody that will be a worthy debater."[7]

Qualifications

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Although Trump claimed to have no objection to the independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. participating in the debate,[8] the Trump campaign was later reported to have received "assurances" that Kennedy would not be invited.[9] The Biden campaign opposed Kennedy's inclusion.[8] On May 29, Kennedy filed a complaint with the Federal Election Commission alleging that the Biden and Trump campaigns colluded to prevent him from appearing at the debate.[10]

The qualification criteria that were adopted for the June 27 CNN debate required participants to:[11]

  • Be constitutionally eligible to hold the presidency
  • File with the Federal Election Commission
  • Appear on a sufficient number of state ballots to have a mathematical possibility of winning a majority vote in the Electoral College
  • Agree to the rules of the debate
  • Reach at least 15% support in four national public opinion polls selected by CNN between March 13 and June 20, 2024.

17 polls met CNN's criteria, with Biden and Trump meeting the 15% threshold in every poll while Kennedy Jr. met the threshold in three, peaking at 16%. Both West and Stein peaked at 4% support, and Oliver peaked at 1% support. No other candidate was included in any qualifying polls.[12] Kennedy also did not meet the ballot requirement, having been confirmed in only five states at the time of the debate.[13]

Qualified candidates for the first debate
Candidate Met polling criterion[12] Met EV criteria Met both criteria/
invited 		Refs
Biden Yes
17 qualifying polls 		Yes
538 EVs certified[c] 		Yes [14]
Trump Yes
17 qualifying polls 		Yes
538 EVs certified[d] 		Yes [14]
Oliver No
0 qualifying polls 		Yes
337 EVs certified[e][f] 		No
Kennedy No
3 qualifying polls 		No
139 EVs certified[g][h] 		No [30][31][32][33]
Stein No
0 qualifying polls 		No
263 EVs certified[i] 		No [35]
West No
0 qualifying polls 		No
39 EVs certified[j] 		No

Preparations

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The Biden campaign hired Ron Klain, Biden's former chief of staff, to assist him in debating Trump; Klain helped Biden during the 2020 presidential debates.[42] White House deputy chief of staff Bruce Reed collected material on policy contrasts with Trump.[43] Biden engaged in preparations at Camp David, arriving there on the night of June 20 and remained there nearly until the debate.[44]

According to political advisor Marc Lotter, Trump "views his rallies as debate prep" and engaged with limited debate preparation. The Trump campaign did not appoint a Biden stand-in for Trump to debate.[43] At a rally in Racine, Wisconsin, Trump suggested Biden would be a formidable opponent, alleging Biden would be on cocaine and that the moderators would assist him.[45]

Format

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Moderators Jake Tapper and Dana Bash

The first debate was streamed or broadcast by most major U.S. news organizations.[46][47] In contrast to previous debates, CNN did not allow reporters into the studio while the debate was occurring, instead requiring them to watch footage from McCamish Pavilion.[48] The decision was criticized by the White House Correspondents' Association, with its president Kelly O'Donnell stating that the lack of press access "diminishes a core principle of presidential coverage".[49]

The debate ran for 90 minutes,[1] with no audience members present. Trump's and Biden's microphones were only turned on when it was their turn to speak (in response to the events of the September 29, 2020, presidential debate).[50] Debate rules written by CNN allocated two minutes for answering the question posed by the moderators, Dana Bash and Jake Tapper, and one minute for rebuttals and responses to the rebuttals.[43] The primary issues of the debate were immigration, the economy and inflation, abortion, foreign policy and the wars in Ukraine and Gaza, legal issues of the participants, Social Security, the January 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol, and the participants' ages.[51]

Debate

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Biden's stiff gait and body language throughout the debate was noted by observers,[52][53][54] as were his hoarse, weak voice[52] and his tendency to stare into the distance with his mouth open as Trump was speaking.[55][56][57] Media sources also described him as frequently losing his train of thought and giving meandering answers, with many citing his "We finally beat Medicare" response to a question on the national debt as emblematic of this.[58][59][60]

The moderators asked 20 questions, excluding the closing. Four questions centered on the economy, four on democracy, three on foreign policy, two on immigration, two on abortion, and one each for climate change, age, opioids, race, and tax reform.[61] Moderator Jake Tapper began the debate with inflation figures.[62] Biden attributed the state of the economy to Trump's presidency.[63][52] Trump rebutted by claiming he built the "greatest economy in the history of our country" before the COVID-19 pandemic.[64] Trump claimed that Biden supported the job growth of illegal immigrants,[65] defending his ten percent tariff,[66] and criticized the 2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan.[67] He argued that Biden began his term with successes from the Trump presidency, but chose to implement negative reform.[68] After a question regarding the national debt, Biden trailed off and appeared to lose his train of thought, saying: "Making sure that we're able to make every single solitary person eligible for what I've been able to deal with ... the COVID ... Excuse me, with dealing with everything we have to do with ... look ... if we finally beat Medicare."[69][70] While Trump was talking, Biden often stared unblinking into the distance with his mouth agape.[57][60] On illegal border crossings, Biden said, "I'm going to continue to move until we get to total ban — on the total initiative relative to what we're going to do with more border patrol and more asylum officers." Trump responded, "I really don't know what he said at the end of that sentence. I don't think he knows what he said either."[71][72] At one point, Trump and Biden briefly had an argument over golfing abilities during a question regarding their fitness as president due to age.[73]

Trump spoke more than Biden in the debate, with CNN reporting the former to have spoken 40 minutes and 12 seconds, and the latter 35 minutes and 41 seconds.[74] Trump went off topic about 50% of the time, while Biden went off topic about 30% of the time during the debate.[61] During the debate, Trump and Biden both used personal attacks against each other.[75] Trump used the word "Palestinian" as a slur to attack Biden, calling him a "very bad Palestinian."[76] NBC News found that Trump made 106 attacks during the debate, while Biden made 72.[61]

Fact-checking

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The moderators did not fact check the candidates.[77] News organizations published articles after the debate documenting the truthfulness of the candidates' claims, finding that Trump made more exaggerated and false statements, while Biden had incorrectly cited information. The New York Times called Trump's statements "often fact-free and absurdly hyperbolic."[78] However, some fact-checkers also noted that Trump's dishonesty was likely to be overshadowed by Biden's poor performance.[77] Numerous news outlets also mentioned lies and falsehoods,[k] and fact-checked the candidates.[83]

Glenn Kessler, fact-checker for The Washington Post, summarized "35 of the most noteworthy claims that initially caught our interest", claims which he analyzed in depth.[83] FactCheck.org summarized its coverage of the many false and inaccurate claims made by the candidates, which were also analyzed.[84] The Associated Press also analyzed a number of false claims.[85]

Viewership

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Network Viewers
CNN 9,530,000
Fox News 9,276,000
ABC 9,210,000
NBC 5,390,000
CBS 5,011,000
MSNBC 4,122,000
Fox 3,677,000
Fox Business 397,000

  Broadcast networks

  Cable news networks

CNN reported that 47.9 million people watched the first debate, down from 73 million viewers during the first 2020 presidential debate. Nielsen Media Research later reported the number of viewers at 51.3 million;[86] this does not include individuals who watched the debate through social media, streaming services, or listened through radio.[87]

Reception and aftermath

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Overview

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Biden's performance was widely called disastrous by political observers. Many columnists, including from The Hill,[88] CNN,[89] Politico,[90] The New York Times,[91] USA Today,[92] Business Insider,[93] and Vox,[94] considered Trump the winner of the debate, although most noted his performance appeared acceptable only when contrasted with Biden's. Columnists from MSNBC,[95] The Cook Political Report,[96] The Guardian,[97] and the Los Angeles Times argued that while Trump did not "win" the debate, Biden "clearly lost".[98]

Polls from CNN,[99]YouGov[100] and Ipsos and FiveThirtyEight found that most viewers thought Trump had won the debate, although it did not significantly change support for either candidate, with Biden only losing a small amount of support.[101] Amy Walter, the editor of The Cook Political Report, said that while Biden's poor performance stunned "Democratic elite types", many voters had already "priced this in".[96] According to Crowdtangle, "most of the top 10 most-liked posts on Instagram about the debate were either pretty neutral or emphasized how bad it was for both campaigns....And on TikTok, there was also a universal vibe that both candidates, not just Biden, were less than ideal for the moment."[102] Nevertheless, a poll by Morning Consult released on June 28 indicated that 60% of voters were in favor of replacing Biden as the Democratic nominee.[103]

Debate winner
Outlet Trump Biden Not sure
CNN 67% 33%  
YouGov 43% 22% 35%
Ipsos/538 60% 21% 19%

In the aftermath of the debate, the Biden campaign was flooded with requests for comment. The Trump campaign received only a few media requests the next morning, as reporters continued focusing on Biden.[104] "No one was more shocked at Biden's performance than Donald Trump", an advisor told the Washington Post. Trump reportedly told aides that he could not even look at Biden.[105] There was also heavy criticism of Biden's performance by some Democrats, with one Democratic strategist dubbing it a "disaster".[74][106] Several political analysts, including Susan Glasser,[81] Tim Miller[107] and Jeff Greenfield,[90] described it as the worst televised presidential debate ever, with Biden's weak performance overshadowing Trump's falsehoods. Several congressional Democrats thought that Biden "didn't even clear the lowest bar", and that Biden was not even able to articulate what his policies are even if they agreed on them.[108]

After being deemed ineligible, Kennedy counterprogrammed the debate with a campaign event from Los Angeles dubbed "The Real Debate", moderated by John Stossel, in which he provided his own responses to the questions that were posed to Biden and Trump during the actual debate. The event was live streamed on Rumble and X; on X, Kennedy's stream began with roughly 618,000 viewers, and peaked at over five million.[109][110][111]

Biden campaign's response

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"I know I'm not a young man, to state the obvious. I don't walk as easily as I used to. I don't talk as smoothly as I used to. I don't debate as well as I used to, but I know what I do know: I know how to tell the truth. I know right from wrong. And I know how to do this job, I know how to get things done. And I know what millions of Americans know: When you get knocked down, you get back up."

—Joe Biden, responding to criticism of his debate performance during a speech in North Carolina the following day (June 28, 2024).[112][102]

The Biden campaign attempted to explain Biden's poor performance by saying he had a cold.[57] He had been administered a COVID-19 test during his stay at Camp David, which was negative.[82] Biden attended a debate watch party shortly after the debate, where he reportedly energetically thanked his supporters.[108]

President Biden remarked to reporters at a Waffle House after the debate: "I think we did well" and said he did not have any concerns about his performance or calls for him to drop out of the presidential race, stating that it was difficult to debate "a liar."[79] Biden's running mate, Vice President Kamala Harris and Biden's campaign manager Jen O'Malley Dillon both defended Biden.[113][114]

The day after the debate, Biden admitted that his debate performance had been weak,[112][115] Time magazine reported that panic spread, "throughout the Democratic Party from top to bottom during the debate."[116] Biden spoke about his debate performance on July 2 and claimed that his "foreign travel" beforehand caused it.[117]

Democratic Party response

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Several prominent Democrats, including former Presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton, rallied behind Biden, and resisted calls for him to step down due to one "bad debate."[118] Pennsylvania Democratic Senator John Fetterman, who had a similarly weak debate performance in his 2022 election, told fellow Democrats to "Chill the fuck out", stating that he refused to join the "Democratic vultures on Biden's shoulder".[119]

Other associates of Biden were more critical. Biden's 2020 campaign manager Kate Bedingfield said that there was no way to interpret his debate performance as good, while political consultant David Axelrod noted that it "confirmed people's fears" about Biden's age.[120] Democratic strategist Van Jones said that Biden had failed a test to restore the confidence of the country, and that the reaction for many supporters was "not just panic, it's pain".[80] Former Democratic presidential candidate Julian Castro called the results of the debate "completely predictable", and that Biden failed to clear a very low bar by seeming unprepared, lost, and not strong enough to resist Trump's attacks or lies.[80]

Because of the debate's unusually early schedule, Congress was still in session. Reporters swarmed Democratic members, asking them to comment on Biden's performance. About half avoided commenting. Tom Suozzi of New York even boarded an elevator going in the wrong direction in order to avoid being questioned, and another representative allegedly faked a phone call. Others acknowledged that Biden performed poorly but still endorsed him. A small number of congressional representatives, notably Jared Huffman and Greg Landsman, publicly said they were unsure whether Biden should continue to be the nominee.[121] Others, such as Jared Golden and Marie Gluesenkamp Perez, stated they believed that Biden could not win the election, but believed it was too late to replace him as nominee.[122][123]

Calls for President Biden to drop out

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See also: Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign § Calls to withdraw, and Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election

In the days following the debate, Democrats serving in Congress or as governors mostly refrained from explicitly calling for Biden to withdraw, fearing to harm Biden's chances of winning the election if he ended up remaining the nominee.[124] However, there were almost immediate calls from Democratic party strategists, commentators and donors for Biden to step aside.[125] The editorial boards of several newspapers, including The New York Times and The Economist, also published editorials urging him to do so.[126][127]

On July 2, U.S. Congressman Lloyd Doggett of Texas became the first Democrat in Congress to publicly call for Biden to step aside as the party's nominee.[128] On July 7, four more House Democrats called for Biden to exit the race during a private call: Adam Smith, Jerry Nadler, Mark Takano, and Joe Morelle.[129][130]

Biden stated in an ABC News interview with George Stephanopoulos on July 5 that he would not end his candidacy[131] unless "the Lord Almighty came down and said, 'Joe, get out of the race,'" adding "The Lord Almighty’s not coming down."[132] The president again refused to drop out on July 8. That day Biden appeared on Morning Joe on MSNBC by telephone, advising the "elites in the party" against his nomination to "run against me. Announce for president. Challenge me at the convention". He sent a letter to Congressional Democrats before Morning Joe explaining his decision, stating that "The question of how to move forward has been well-aired for over a week now. And it's time for it to end".[133] In an attempt to show voters and Democratic politicians that he was capable of facing Donald Trump in the 2024 election, he held a solo press conference on July 11, 2024, following the NATO 2024 Washington summit.[134]

Biden suspended his re-election campaign on July 21, 2024, and endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris.[135]

Comments by foreign leaders

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Chinese journalist and former Global Times editor Hu Xijin said the debate was "very entertaining for many Chinese people".[136] The debate was a trending topic on microblogging website Weibo, where users noted Biden's age. Trump's tie was compared to the red scarves worn by young communist revolutionaries; Trump has been referred to as a "nation-builder" (建国) in China for ostensibly allowing China to ascend in global affairs.[137] Israeli newspaper Haaretz and British tabloid The Sun criticized Biden's performance, and statements made by German politician Norbert Röttgen and former British ambassador to the United States Kim Darroch also expressed concern.[136] Polish Foreign Minister Radek Sikorski commented on X that Biden should now manage a succession plan.[138] Many European allies were extremely concerned with the debate, while Russian state media mocked Biden's performance.[138]

Notes

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  1. ^ Both Biden and Trump were participating in the debate as presumptive nominees for their parties. Biden would withdraw his candidacy following the debate
  2. ^ In a statement to The New York Times, Newsmax stated it agreed with the letter, but was not an official signatory.[4]
  3. ^ as presumptive Democratic nominee
  4. ^ as presumptive Republican nominee
  5. ^ [15]
  6. ^ Some news outlets included the following four states in Oliver's total which are not included here for the following reasons: Two state party affiliates rejected Oliver as the party's nominee Two state party affiliates disaffiliated with the party to form the Liberal Party in 2022[18]
  7. ^
  8. ^ The Kennedy campaign also claimed they were certified for the ballot in two other states, but these claims were not verified by independent media outlets:[22] Even if these states were included in CNN's tally, Kennedy would have still failed to meet the 270 electoral vote requirement by June 20.
  9. ^ [15] All but Idaho as presumptive Green Party nominee
  10. ^
    • Alaska (3, as Aurora Party)[36]
    • Colorado (10, as Unity Party)[37]
    • Oregon (8, as Progressive Party)[38]
    • South Carolina (9, as United Citizens Party)[39][40]
    • Utah (6)[15]
    • Vermont (3, as Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party)[41]
  11. ^ Lies and falsehoods[79][59][80][81][75][78][82][83]

References

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