The 21 August 2004 Dhaka grenade attack took place at an anti-terrorism rally organised by Awami League on Bangabandhu Avenue on 21 August 2004. The attack left 24 dead and more than 500 injured. The attack was carried out at 5:22 pm after Sheikh Hasina, the leader of opposition had finished addressing a crowd of 20,000 people from the back of a truck.[2] Hasina also sustained some injuries in the attack. The involvement of BNP-Jamaat led government is still debated.[3]
| 21 August 2004 Dhaka Grenade Attacks | |
|---|---|
| Location | Bangabandhu Avenue, Paltan, Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| Date | 21 August 2004 17:22 (UTC+06:00) |
| Target | Awami League rally in response to 2004 Shah Jalal bombing[1] |
Attack type | Grenade,Terrorism |
| Deaths | 24 (including Ivy Rahman) |
| Injured | Over 500 |
| Perpetrators | Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami (alleged) Bangladesh Nationalist Party(alleged) |
Events and casualties
editAwami League chief Sheikh Hasina had been speaking at a public meeting on Bangabandhu Avenue, protesting blasts against the party's workers in Sylhet. The rally drew a crowd of 20,000 people.[4] As Hasina finished her speech, a total of 13 grenades were thrown into the crowd from the rooftops of nearby buildings, killing at least 16 people on the spot, later the death toll reached 24. The blast left more than 500 injured. Among the dead were Hasina's bodyguard, Mahbubur Rahman and Awami League Women's Affairs Secretary Ivy Rahman, who died from her injuries three days later.[5][6]
Reaction
editThe Awami League called for a nationwide hartal on 23 and 24 August 2004 following the incident. Khaleda Zia, then Prime Minister of Bangladesh condemned the attacks, and also vowed a thorough probe to catch the culprits.[7] An intercity train was burned down by Awami League activists on strike in Bhairab. Awami Leagues activists also organized protests in Chittagong and furled black flags at the sight of the attack. A funeral service for the victims at Baitul Mokarram National Mosque was attended by 20 thousand people.[8] Protests in Dhaka were attacked by members of Bangladesh Police and Jatiyatabadi Sramik Dal, the workers wing of Bangladesh Nationalist Party. The Jatiyatabadi Sramik Dal activists also attacked and injured six members of the press.[9]
President of the United States, George W. Bush, expressed "shock" at the attack and conveyed his message to Prime Minister Khaleda Zia and Opposition leader Sheikh Hasina through the Secretary of State of the United States, Colin Powell. The attack was also condemned by the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, and Sweden.[10]
Investigation
editInitial investigation
editBangladesh Police refused to register any criminal case filed by Bangladesh Awami League over the attack and only registered a general diary.[8] The then BNP led government initially refused to hand over the bodies of the victims.[11] Investigators from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Interpol made repeated visits to Bangladesh to provide technical support.[12] The Government also tried to implicate Mokhlesur Rahman, an Awami League activists, and Shaibal Saha Partha. They were arrested by Bangladesh Police.[12][13] Shaibal Saha Partha and Joj Miah were tortured in custody and forced to give a false confessional statement.[14] An investigation by the Supreme Court Bar Association accused the government of destroying evidence. The government was also criticised for hurriedly burying two unidentified dead bodies from the terror attack in the middle of the night.[12]
In 2004, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party-led alliance government assigned the Crime Investigation Department of the police to foresee the investigation. They came up with a story that some Joj Miah, also known as Jamal Ahmed from Noakhali district, along with 14 other criminals of Seven Star terrorist group of Subrata Bain attacked the Awami League rally. They met at Moghbazar before the attack, and rehearsed at a remote island before the attack.[15] The government of Bangladesh formed a one-man judicial probe led by Justice Joynul Abedin. The Awami League rejected the commission which blamed the attack on a neighboring country. The Daily Star described Abedin as a "shame" for the judiciary in Bangladesh.[16]
On 26 June 2005 Joj Mia, a petty criminal, confessed his involvement in the crime under section 164, to the magistrate. The story collapsed following investigative journalism who discovered holes in the official story.[16]
2007-2008 investigation
editIn 2007, after the military-backed government assumed office, many of the BNP and Awami League leaders were rounded up by the government agencies, and fresh investigation into the case was launched.
After almost one year, in November 2007, Mufti Hannan, a militant leader from Gopalganj who was arrested by the BNP-led government in 2005, revealed that the attack was operated by the militant outfit Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami of which he was a leader. He also admitted that he got support from Maulana Tazuddin, brother of BNP leader and former deputy minister Abdus Salam Pintu while coordinating the attack.[17]
According to his statement, Abdus Salam Pintu had knowledge of the attack.
In 2008, after the detailed investigation, the then CID high official Mohammad Javed Patwary concluded that the attack was aimed at killing Sheikh Hasina and was guided by the common grievance of both Mufti Hannan and Abdus Salam Pintu against Sheikh Hasina for her role in "subduing" Islam. The investigation report mentioned that, Abdus Salam Pintu was personally responsible for the attack.
Further investigation
editIn 2009, Awami League came to office and decided to launch a further investigation into the incident and appointed a retired CID official Abdul Kahar Akhand as the person in charge.
In the same year, Abdul Majed Bhat alias Yusuf Bhat gave a confessional statement with the details regarding the source of grenade used in the attack. He claimed that Muzaffar Ahmad Shah of Tehrik-e-Jihad Islami (TEJI) gave the grenades to Maulana Tajuddin to send those to Indian militant groups. Tajuddin, instead of sending those to India, kept those with him. According to Yusuf Bhat, these grenades were later handed over to Mufti Hannan to carry out the attack.[18]
After two years, in 2011, Mufti Hannan gave another confessional statement implicating many big names, mostly BNP leaders and some former officials of the government including the son of opposition leader and former prime minister Khaleda Zia, Tarique Rahman, former deputy minister Abdus Salam Pintu, former member of parliament Kazi Shah Mofazzal Hossain Kaikobad and some officials of the Home Ministry, police, Directorate General of Forces Intelligence (DGFI), National Security Intelligence (NSI) and Prime Minister's Office (PMO) with involvement in the planning of the bombing.
In the statement, Mufti Hannan claimed that the attack was aimed at destroying the top leadership of Awami League including Sheikh Hasina, and BNP leader Tarique Rahman along with Jamaat leader Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mujahid and the then Home Minister Lutfuzzaman Babor assured them with government support.
Perpetrators
editHarkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami (HUJI) leader Mufti Abdul Hannan was arrested on 30 September 2005 for the grenade attacks,[19] and was later charged in connection with it. He reportedly confessed to the attacks in November 2007.[17] He was sentenced to death in December 2008 for attempting to kill Anwar Choudhury in 2004.[20] In March 2012, the son of opposition leader and former prime minister Khaleda Zia, Tarique Rahman, and 28 others were tried in absentia for their alleged involvement in the attack.[21] The supplementary charge sheets charges Huji, influential leaders of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and the Jamaat, including former deputy minister Abdus Salam Pintu, former member of parliament Kazi Shah Mofazzal Hossain Kaikobad and some officials of the Home Ministry, police, DGFI, NSI and PMO with involvement in the planning of the bombing.[22]
Jamal Ahmed, also known as Joj Mia was coerced into giving a false confession. He was forced to implicate Seven-Star Group, led by Subrata Bain through torture by security forces during BNP rule.[23]
Charges and punishments
editOn 10 October 2018, a special court, Speedy Trial Tribunal-1, delivered verdicts in relevant cases and accused 49 people.[24][25] It ruled the grenade attack "was a well-orchestrated plan, executed through abuse of state power".[25] Judge Shahed Nuruddin said, "The specialised deadly Arges grenades that are used in wars were blasted at the Awami League's central office on 23 Bangabandhu Avenue in broad daylight with the help of the then state machinery".[25] On charges of killing through common intention, planning and criminal conspiracy, 38 persons were found guilty.[26] Nineteen were sentenced to death:
- Lutfozzaman Babar
- Abdus Salam Pintu
- Rezzakul Haider Chowdhury
- General Abdur Rahim
- Maulana Md Tajuddin
- Md Hanif
- Maulana Sheikh Abdus Salam
- Md Abdul Mazed Bhat (alias Md Yousuf Bhat)
- Abdul Malek (alias Golam Mohammad and GM)
- Maulana Shawkat Hossain (alias Sheikh Farid)
- Mahibullah (alias Mafijur Rahman and Ovi)
- Maulana Abu Sayeed (alias Jafar)
- Abul Kalam Azad (alias Bulbul)
- Md Jahangir Alam
- Hafiz Maulana Abu Taher
- Hossain Ahmed Tamim
- Main Uddin Sheikh (alias Mufti Main, Khajwa, Abu Jandal and Masum Billah)
- Md Rafiqul Iqbal Islam (alias Sabuj, Khalid Saifullah, Shamim and Rashed)
- Md Ujjal (alias Ratan)[25]
On the same charges, 19 others were given life term in prison sentences, including Tarique Rahman, Harris Chowdhury, Kazi Shah Mofazzal Hossain Kaikobad.[25]
All of the 38 were also found guilty of grievously injuring victims through common intention, planning and criminal conspiracy and sentenced to jail for 20 years.[25]
On the charge for harbouring the offenders, former Inspectors General of Police Ashraful Huda and Shahudul Haque were sentenced to two years in jail.[25] For the charges of harbouring and protecting the offenders, Saiful Islam Duke, Saiful Islam Joarder, ATM Amin were given four years in jail.[25] For the charge of misleading the investigation and cooking up the "Joj Mia" story, IGP Khoda Baksh Chowdhury, SP of CID Ruhul Amin, ASPs of CID Abdur Rashid and Munshi Atikur Rahman were sentenced to two years in prison.[25]
A total of 18 convicts were at large at the time of the verdict.[24]
References
edit- ^ "Blasts hit Bangladesh party rally". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 26 December 2008.
- ^ Bhattacharjee, Partha (21 August 2014). "Back from death, only to suffer". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 22 August 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
- ^ Sultan, Tipu; Karmakar, Prasanta. "10 years of 21 August grenade attack". Prothom Alo. Archived from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ Adiga, Aravind (30 August 2004). "Bangladesh: A democracy is shaken". Time. Archived from the original on 6 January 2008. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
- ^ "End of a fight - Ivy dies from her wounds after 58 hours". The Daily Star. 5 August 2004. Archived from the original on 5 May 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
- ^ "Hasina says govt didn't carry out proper probe". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ "Bangladesh awakes in shock as blast toll hits 18". The Age. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
- ^ a b "Passenger train torched at Bhairab; AL workers fight with cops". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ "Cops, BNP men attack protest processions". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ "Powell phones Khaleda,Hasina; Straw slates attack; envoys visit AL president". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ "'I heard a bang and blood splashed on my body'". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ a b c Manik, Julfikar Ali; Ashraf, Shamim. "One Year into Aug 21 Carnage". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ "FBI in Dhaka to probe grenade attacks - 2004-09-01". VoA (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ "Testimony to terror sponsored by state". The Daily Star. 21 August 2015. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ "Joj Mia gives deposition". Prothom Alo. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
- ^ a b "One man shame for judiciary". The Daily Star. 21 August 2019. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ a b "Huji boss Hannan admits to Aug 21 grenade attack". Bangladesh News. 2 November 2007. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
- ^ Dipu, Sarwar. "Pakistani militant Yusuf Bhat's 'Bangladesh Mission'". Dhaka Tribune. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2018.
- ^ "Mufti Hannan arrested". bdnews24.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
- ^ Uttam Khan (23 December 2008). "Three Bangladeshis to hang for attack on British envoy". The Age. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
- ^ "Dhaka court indicts ex-premier's son for 2004 grenade attack". Deccan Herald. 18 March 2012. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
- ^ Tipu, Md Sanaul Islam. "Prosecutor: AL grenade attack cases may see verdict by December". Dhaka Tribune. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ "Joj Mia gives deposition". Prothom Alo. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ a b "Verdict in Aug 21 grenade attack cases: Babar, Salam among 31 accused taken to court". United News of Bangladesh. 10 October 2018. Archived from the original on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Shakhawat Liton; Chaitanya Chandra Halder; Wasim Bin Habib; Tuhin Shubhra Adhikary (11 October 2018). "August 21 attack: 'State-backed crime' punished". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
- ^ "Grenade attack in 2004 was designed to 'obliterate' Awami League, says judge". bdnews24.com. 10 October 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.