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2S19 Msta-S

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The 2S19 Msta-S is a 152.4 mm self-propelled howitzer designed and manufactured by Uraltransmash in the Soviet Union and later in Russia, which entered service in 1989 as the successor to the 2S3 Akatsiya. The vehicle has the running gear of the T-80, but is powered by the T-72's diesel engine.[4]

2S19 Msta-S
A 2S19M2 Msta-S during a rehearsal of the 2014 Moscow Victory Day Parade held in Alabino
TypeSelf-propelled howitzer
Place of originSoviet Union/Russia
Service history
In service1989–present
Used bySee § Operators
WarsSecond Chechen War
Russo-Ukrainian War
Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
Production history
DesignerUraltransmash
Designed1980
ManufacturerUraltransmash
Produced1988–present
No. built~1,130 (est. 1988–2019, inc. prototypes)[1]
Specifications
Mass42 tonnes (93,000 lb)
Length7.15 m (23 ft 5 in)
Width3.38 m (11 ft 1 in)
Height2.99 m (9 ft 10 in)
Crew5
Elevation−4° to +68°
Traverse360°
Rate of fire2S19: 6–8 rounds/min
2S19M2: 10 rounds/min
Maximum firing rangeStandard round: 24.7 km (15.3 mi)
Base bleed: 29 km (18 mi)
RAP: 36 km (22 mi)[2]
Armour15 mm all-around[3]
Main
armament
152 mm 2A64 L47-caliber howitzer
Secondary
armament
12.7 mm NSVT anti-aircraft machine gun
EngineDiesel V-84A
840 hp (630 kW)
Power/weight20 hp/tonne
SuspensionTorsion bar
Operational
range
500 km (310 mi)
Maximum speed 60 km/h (37 mph)
2022 video of the inside of a Msta-S during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Msta-S at the 2013 tank biathlon
A Russian 2S19 Msta-S that was damaged in 2022 during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, on display at the military park of the army museum in Białystok, Poland, in 2023

Development

The Msta-S (also known by the GRAU index 2S19) bears the Msta (Russian: Мста, after the river Msta) howitzer, which was designed for deployment either on a self-propelled vehicle or as a towed gun. The 2S19 Msta-S is the armoured self-propelled howitzer, while the 2A65 Msta-B is a towed gun.[5]

Development of the 2S19 started in 1980 under the project name Ferma. The prototype was known as Obiekt 316. The 2S19's standard equipment consists of a semi-automatic laying system 1P22, an automatic loader, an NBC protection system, passive night-vision device for the driver, a vehicle snorkel, a dozer blade, a smoke generator and 81 mm smoke launchers, 1V116 intercom system and a 16 kW generator AP-18D. In 2008, the Russian Armed Forces ordered an improved model with an automated fire-control system.[citation needed]

Russia offered its Msta-S 152 mm howitzer to foreign countries, particularly in the Middle East. A demonstration was organised in 2020 by Rosoboronexport, the country's nodal agency for arms export, for representatives from various Middle Eastern countries.[6]

Specifications

Msta-S specifications provided by manufacturer[citation needed]

  • Range:
  • Rate of fire: 6–8 rounds per minute
  • Weapon elevation: −4° to +68°
  • Weapon traverse: 360°
  • Deployment time: 22 minutes
  • Unit of fire: 50 rounds

Variants

  • 1K17 Szhatie – a "laser tank" armed with a battery of lasers meant to disable optoelectronic systems; based on the Msta-S.[7]
  • 2S19M1 (unveiled in 2000, first deliveries in 2007) – Improved fire-control system and added GLONASS antenna. Modernised V-84AMS engine.[7]
  • 2S19M2 or 2S33 Msta-SM2 (2013) – Improved version currently in production equipped with a new automatic fire-control system which increases the rate of fire to 10 rounds per minute. Digital electronic maps are now available which significantly speeds up the terrain orientation in difficult geographical conditions and allows performing faster and more efficiently firing missions. The 2S33 Msta-SM2 howitzer is fitted with a new 2A79 152 mm/L60 ordnance that has improved ballistics. It can fire ammunition with more propellant charges and with a higher breech pressure than the original 2S19 Msta-S. The gun is longer and has a heavier barrel. As a result, it has a greater range of fire. Maximum range of fire with standard HE-FRAG shells is 30 km (19 mi) and 40 km (25 mi) with rocket-assisted shells.[8]
  • 2S19M1-155 (2006) – 155 mm export version of the 2S19M1, fitted with an L/52 gun with a range of more than 40 km (25 mi). Modernised in 2020.[9]
  • 2S21 Msta-K – Wheeled variant, based on an eight-wheel truck chassis. It used the 2A67 gun, a variant of the 2A65 modified for use from wheeled platforms. There were several different prototypes, including one based on the Ural-5323 and one on the KrAZ-6316. The project was abandoned in 1987.[7]
  • 2S19M (also known as 2S30 Iset and 2S33 Msta-SM) – Project for a version with improved range and rate of fire, easier maintenance and optimised manufacturing process. Started between the 1990s and the early 2000s, but quickly abandoned in favour of the 2S35 Koalitsiya-SV.[7]
  • 2S35 Koalitsiya-SV – Project for a new artillery system for the Russian Ground Forces (SV stands for "sukhoputniye voyska"). Early prototypes consisted of a 2S19 chassis with modified turret, fitted with an over-and-under dual autoloaded 152 mm howitzer. Development of this variant was abandoned in favour of an entirely new artillery system using the same designation.[10]

Operational use

Msta-S howitzers were used by the Russian Ground Forces to deliver artillery strikes against Chechen separatists during the Second Chechen War.[11]

Msta-S howitzers have been used in the Russo-Ukrainian War by the pro-Russian separatists who captured one machine during the conflict.[12]

Both Msta-B and Msta-S were used by the Ukrainian Ground Forces in the Battle of Bakhmut.[13]

As of 16 December 2023, there is visual evidence of Russian forces losing 171 Msta-S (123 destroyed, 11 damaged, 2 abandoned and 35 captured) and 35 Msta-SM2 (17 destroyed, 2 damaged and 16 captured).[14]

Operators

 
Map of 2S19 operators in blue

Current

  •   Azerbaijan – 18 as of 2024[15]
  •   Ethiopia – 10 as of 2024[16]
  •   Georgia – 1 as of 2024[17]
  •   Russia – Estimated to have 300 2S19/2S19M1 Msta-S and 300 2S19M2/2S33 Msta-SM in service with the Ground Forces, 36 2S19M1 Msta-S in service with the Naval Infantry, plus 150 2S19 Msta-S in storage as of 2024[18]
  •   Ukraine – 35 as of 2024[19]
  •   Venezuela – 48 as of 2024[20]

Former

Bibliography

  • International Institute for Strategic Studies (15 February 2023). The Military Balance 2023 (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1032508955.
  • International Institute for Strategic Studies (13 February 2024). The Military Balance 2024. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-040-05115-3.

References

  1. ^ "152-мм самоходная гаубица 2С19 "Мста-С" в Вооруженных Силах Российской Федерации. Версия 2.0" (in Russian). 24 April 2019. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019 – via LiveJournal.[better source needed]
  2. ^ "2S19 Msta". WeaponSystems.net. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  3. ^ Pike, John (19 June 1999). "2S19 MSTA-S 152-mm Self-Propelled Howitzer". Military Analysis Network. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  4. ^ Zaloga, Steven J. (2009). T-80 Standard Tank: The Soviet Army's Last Armored Champion. New Vanguard. Vol. 152. Illustrated by Tony Bryan. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 43, 45–46. ISBN 978-1-84603-244-8.
  5. ^ Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995. Quantico, VA: Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. 1995. pp. V-16–V-17. Retrieved 16 March 2024.}
  6. ^ Krishna, Om (25 March 2020). "Msta-S 155mm Howitzer: Russia offers new self propelled artillery gun". Defence Star. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d Benoît.C (16 September 2019). "[Dossier] Le 2S19 Msta-S". Red Samovar (in French). Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  8. ^ "Russian Western Military District Gets Newest 2S33 Msta-SM2 Self-propelled Howitzer". MilitaryLeak. 2 February 2022. Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  9. ^ Fediushko, Dmitry (30 March 2020). "UVZ upgrades STANAG-compatible 2S19M1-155 155 mm howitzer". Janes. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  10. ^ de Larrinaga, Nicholas (22 April 2015). "New Russian heavy armour breaks cover". Jane's Defence Weekly. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  11. ^ Pashin, Alexander (2002). "Russian Army Operations and Weaponry During Second Military Campaign in Chechnya". Moscow Defense Brief. No. 3. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  12. ^ Ferguson, Jonathan; Jenzen-Jones, N.R. (2014). Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine (PDF) (Report). Armament Research Services. Research Report No. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  13. ^ "Ukrainian Airborne Brigade soldiers use captured Russian Msta-S ACS". Ukrainian Military Portal. 17 February 2023. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  14. ^ Mitzer, Stijn; Janovsky, Jakub (24 February 2022). "Attack On Europe: Documenting Russian Equipment Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine". Oryx. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  15. ^ IISS 2024, p. 180.
  16. ^ IISS 2024, p. 491.
  17. ^ IISS 2024, p. 185.
  18. ^ IISS 2024, pp. 193, 199.
  19. ^ IISS 2024, p. 212.
  20. ^ IISS 2024, p. 454.
  21. ^ IISS 2023, p. 175.
  22. ^ IISS 2024, pp. 182−184.
 
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