The 108 Heroes are the main characters of the Ming dynasty classic Chinese novel the Water Margin, which was written in the 14th century and usually attributed to Shi Nai'an. The heroes are divided into the 36 Heavenly Spirits and 72 Earthly Fiends, groups that are based on a belief in Daoism that Ursa Major has 36 Heavenly stars and 72 Earthly stars. The 108 Heroes represent 108 demonic generals who were banished by Shangdi, a supreme god in Chinese folk religion. Having repented since their banishment, the stars are released from imprisonment by accident, and are reborn in the world as 108 heroes who band together for the cause of justice. The bulk of the novel describes the lives of these men and women and how they came to come together in Mount Liang to rebel against the evil forces controlling the court of the Song dynasty.

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One Heavenly Spirit, Lu Zhishen, is represented in a folktale as a sworn brother of Zhou Tong.[1]

According to The Oral Traditions of Yangzhou Storytelling, several popular folktales about Wu Song, a Heavenly Spirit, from the "Wang School" of Yangzhou storytelling, state that he killed the tiger "in the middle of the tenth month" of the "Xuanhe year [1119]" (the emphasis belongs to the original author).[2]

In Iron Arm, Golden Sabre, Sun Li, an Earthly Fiend, is portrayed as a fellow student of Zhou Tong and Luan Tingyu.[3]

In Louis Cha's wuxia novel The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Guo Sheng, an Earthly Fiend, is said to be the ancestor of the protagonist, Guo Jing.[4]

36 Heavenly Spirits

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Rank (L) Rank (HS) Star Name Nickname Other names Division Designation Origin Ancestral home / Place of origin Chapter of first appearance Weapon Picture Fate
1 1 Tiankui
(天魁);
Leader Star
(天魁星)
Song Jiang
(宋江; Sòng Jiāng; Sung Chiang)
"Protector of Righteousness"
(呼保義)
Gongming
(公明);
"Timely Rain"
(及時雨);
"Filial and Righteous Dark Third Son"
(孝義黑三郎);
"Dark Song Jiang"
(黑宋江)
Commander Leader Magistrate's clerk Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong 18   Poisoned
2 2 Tiangang
(天罡);
Strength Star
(天罡星)
Lu Junyi
(卢俊义; 盧俊義; Lú Jùnyì; Lu Chün-i)
"Jade Qilin"
(玉麒麟)
Commander Deputy leader Squire Daming Prefecture
(in present-day Handan, Hebei)
60 Spear,
Cudgel,
Pudao
  Assassinated
3 3 Tianji
(天機);
Knowledge Star
(天機星)
Wu Yong
(吴用; 吳用; Wú Yòng; Wu Yung)
"Resourceful Star"
(智多星)
Xuejiu
(學究)
Strategist Chief strategist Professor Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong 14 Bronze hammer   Suicide
4 4 Tianxian
(天閒);
Leisure Star
(天閒星)
Gongsun Sheng
(公孙胜; 公孫勝; Gōngsūn Shèng; Kung-sun Sheng)
"Dragon in the Clouds"
(入雲龍)
Strategist Strategist in charge of army formation Taoist Jizhou
(present-day Ji County, Tianjin)
14 Sword, Taoist magic   Left before the Fang La campaign
5 5 Tianyong
(天勇);
Brave Star
(天勇星)
Guan Sheng
(关胜; 關勝; Guān Shèng; Kuan Sheng)
"Great Blade"
(大刀)
Five Tiger Generals (cavalry) Left General Imperial general Yuncheng, Shanxi 63 Blue Dragon Crescent Moon Blade
(青龍偃月刀)
  Dies of illness
6 6 Tianxiong
(天雄);
Majestic Star
(天雄星)
Lin Chong
(林沖; 林沖; Lín Chōng; Lin Ch'ung)
"Panther Head"
(豹子頭)
Instructor Lin
(林教頭);
Little Zhang Fei
(小張飛)
Five Tiger Generals (cavalry) Right General Martial arts instructor of the Imperial Guards Dongjing
(present-day Kaifeng, Henan)
7 8-foot-long (2.4 m) Snake Spear
(丈八蛇矛);
Pudao
(朴刀)
  Gets Paralysis
7 7 Tianmeng
(天猛);
Fierce Star
(天猛星)
Qin Ming
(秦明; 秦明; Qín Míng; Ch'in Ming)
"Fiery Thunderbolt"
(霹靂火)
Five Tiger Generals (cavalry) Vanguard General Imperial general Kaizhou (believed to be present-day Puyang, Henan) 34 Wolf-toothed mace
(狼牙棒)
  Dies in the battle of Qingxi
8 8 Tianwei
(天威);
Prestige Star
(天威星)
Huyan Zhuo
(呼延灼; 呼延灼; Hūyán Zhuó; Hu-yen Cho)
"Double Clubs"
(雙鞭)
Five Tiger Generals (cavalry) Rear General Imperial general Taiyuan, Shanxi 54 Pair of steel clubs   Survives
9 9 Tianying
(天英);
Hero Star
(天英星)
Hua Rong
(花荣; 花榮; Huā Róng; Hua Jung)
"Little Li Guang"
(小李廣)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) Military officer Qingfeng Fort (in present-day Qingzhou, Weifang, Shandong) 33 Spear;
Bow and arrows
  Suicide
10 10 Tiangui
(天貴);
Noble Star
(天貴星)
Chai Jin
(柴进; 柴進; Chái Jìn; Ch'ai Chin)
"Little Whirlwind"
(小旋風)
Nobleman Chai
(柴大官人);
Ke Yin
(柯引)
Logistics Chief accountant Nobleman, descendant of Chai Rong Cangzhou, Hebei 9 Spear   Survives
11 11 Tianfu
(天富);
Wealth Star
(天富星)
Li Ying
(李应; 李應; Lǐ Yìng; Li Ying)
"Striking Hawk"
(撲天雕)
Logistics Chief accountant Squire Yunzhou, Zhongshan Prefecture (around present-day Dongping County, Tai'an, Shandong) 47 Steel alloy spear
(渾鐵點鋼槍);
Flying daggers
(飛刀)
  Survives
12 12 Tianman
(天滿);
Fulfillment Star
(天滿星)
Zhu Tong
(朱仝; Zhū Tóng; Chu T'ung)
"Lord of the Beautiful Beard"
(美鬚公)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) Constable Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong 13 Sabre   Survives
13 13 Tiangu
(天孤);
Solitary Star
(天孤星)
Lu Zhishen
(鲁智深; 魯智深; Lǔ Zhìshēn; Lu Chih-shen)
"Flowery Monk"
(花和尚)
Lu Da
(魯達);
Major Lu
(魯提轄)
Infantry Infantry leader Garrison major Weizhou (around present-day Pingliang, Gansu) 3 Monk's spade,
Dagger
  Survives
14 14 Tianshang
(天傷);
Harm Star
(天傷星)
Wu Song
(武松; Wǔ Sōng; Wu Sung)
"Pilgrim"
(行者);
"Tiger-fighting Hero"
(打虎英雄)
Chief Wu
(武都頭);
Grandmaster Qingzhong
(清忠祖師)
"Wu the Second"
(武二郎)
Infantry Infantry leader Constable Qinghe County, Xingtai, Hebei 23 Pair of sabres,
staff
  Survives
15 15 Tianli
(天立);
Steadfast Star
(天立星)
Dong Ping
(董平; Dǒng Píng; Tung P'ing)
"General of Double Spears"
(雙槍將)
"Refined and Cultured General of Double Spears"
(風流雙槍將)
Five Tiger Generals (cavalry) Imperial general Shangdang, Hedong
(around present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi)
69 Pair of spears   Dies at the battle of the Dusong Pass
16 16 Tianjie
(天捷);
Agile Star
(天捷星)
Zhang Qing
(张清; 張清; Zhāng Qīng; Chang Ch'ing)
"Featherless Arrow"
(沒羽箭)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) Imperial general Zhangde Prefecture
(present-day Anyang, Henan)
70 Spear,
Stones
  Dies at the battle of the Dusong Pass
17 17 Tian'an
(天暗);
Dark Star
(天暗星)
Yang Zhi
(杨志; 楊志; Yáng Zhì; Yang Chih)
"Blue Faced Beast"
(青面獸)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) Military officer Xintai, Linzhou (present-day Shenmu County, Yulin, Shaanxi) 12 Sabre,
Spear
  Dies of illness
18 18 Tianyou
(天祐);
Guardian Star
(天祐星)
Xu Ning
(徐宁; 徐寧; Xú Níng; Hsü Ning)
"Gold Lancer"
(金槍手)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) Instructor of Gold Lancers unit of the Imperial Army Henan 56 Hooked Lance
(鈎鐮槍)
  Mortally wounded at the battle of Hangzhou
19 19 Tiankong
(天空);
Flight Star
(天空星)
Suo Chao
(索超; Suǒ Chāo; So Ch'ao)
"Impatient Vanguard"
(急先鋒)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) Military officer Hebei 13 Golden Axe
(金蘸斧)
  Dies at the battle of Hangzhou
20 20 Tiansu
(天速);
Speed Star
(天速星)
Dai Zong
(戴宗; Dài Zōng; Tai Tsung)
"Magic Traveller"
(神行太保)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Scouting chief Prison warden Jiangzhou (江州; present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi) 38 Sword   Survives
21 21 Tianyi
(天異);
Deviance Star
(天異星)
Liu Tang
(刘唐; 劉唐; Liú Táng; Liu T'ang)
"Red Haired Devil"
(赤髮鬼)
Infantry Infantry leader Illegal trader Dongluzhou
(東潞州; believed to be present-day Changzhi, Shanxi)
14 Pudao   Dies in the battle of Hangzhou
22 22 Tiansha
(天殺);
Killer Star
(天殺星)
Li Kui
(李逵; Lǐ Kuí; Li K'uei)
"Black Whirlwind"
(黑旋風)
"Iron Ox"
(鐵牛)
Infantry Infantry leader Jailer Baizhang Village, Yishui County, Yizhou
(in present-day Linyi, Shandong)
37 Pair of axes,
Pudao
  Poisoned
23 23 Tianwei
(天微);
Minute Star
(天微星)
Shi Jin
(史进; 史進; Shǐ Jìn; Shih Chin)
"Nine Tattooed Dragons"
(九紋龍)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) Squire Huayin County (present-day Huayin, Weinan, Shaanxi) 2 Staff,
Pudao
  Dies at the battle of the Yuling Pass
24 24 Tianjiu
(天究);
Investigative Star
(天究星)
Mu Hong
(穆弘; Mù Hóng; Mu Hung)
"Unrestrained"
(沒遮攔)
Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals (cavalry) Rich man Jieyang Town (believed to be in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi) 37 Pudao  
25 25 Tiantui
(天退);
Retreat Star
(天退星)
Lei Heng
(雷横; 雷橫; Léi Héng; Lei Heng)
"Winged Tiger"
(插翅虎)
Infantry Infantry leader Blacksmith,
Constable
Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong 13 Pudao  
26 26 Tianshou
(天壽);
Longevity Star
(天壽星)
Li Jun
(李俊; Lǐ Jùn; Li Chün)
"River Dragon"
(混江龍)
Navy Navy leader Ferryman Luzhou (present-day Hefei, Anhui) 36 Sword  
27 27 Tianjian
(天劍);
Sword Star
(天劍星)
Ruan Xiao'er
(阮小二; Ruǎn Xiǎo'èr; Juan Hsiao-erh)
"Tai Sui Who Stands His Ground"
(立地太歲)
Navy Navy leader Fisherman Shijie Village (in present-day Liangshan County, Jining, Shandong) 15  
28 28 Tianping
(天平);
Balance Star
(天平星)
Zhang Heng
(张横; 張橫; Zhāng Héng; Chang Heng)
"Boatman"
(船火兒)
Navy Navy leader Pirate Xiaogushan (in present-day Susong County, Anqing, Anhui) 37  
29 29 Tianzui
(天罪);
Guilt Star
(天罪星)
Ruan Xiaowu
(阮小五; Ruǎn Xiǎowǔ; Juan Hsiao-wu)
"Short-lived Second Brother"
(短命二郎)
Navy Navy leader Fisherman Shijie Village (in present-day Liangshan County, Jining, Shandong) 15  
30 30 Tiansun
(天損);
Damage Star
(天損星)
Zhang Shun
(张顺; 張順; Zhāng Shùn; Chang Shun)
"White Jumping in the Waves"
(浪里白跳)
Navy Navy leader Fisherman Xiaogushan (in present-day Susong County, Anqing, Anhui) 37  
31 31 Tianbai
(天敗);
Defeat Star
(天敗星)
Ruan Xiaoqi
(阮小七; Ruǎn Xiǎoqī; Juan Hsiao-ch'i)
"Living King Yama
(活閻羅)
Navy Navy leader Fisherman Shijie Village (in present-day Liangshan County, Jining, Shandong) 15  
32 32 Tianlao
(天牢);
Secure Star
(天牢星)
Yang Xiong
(杨雄; 楊雄; Yáng Xióng; Yang Hsiung)
"Superior to Guan Suo"
(病關索)
Infantry Infantry leader Prison warden and executioner Henan 44  
33 33 Tianhui
(天慧);
Wisdom Star
(天慧星)
Shi Xiu
(石秀; Shí Xiù; Shih Hsiu)
"Daredevil Third Brother"
(拚命三郎)
Infantry Infantry leader Firewood seller Jiankang Prefecture, Jinling
(present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu)
44  
34 34 Tianbao
(天暴);
Savage Star
(天暴星)
Xie Zhen
(解珍; Xiè Zhēn; Hsieh Chen)
"Double-headed Snake"
(兩頭蛇)
Infantry Infantry leader Hunter Dengzhou
(in present-day eastern Shandong)
49 Bronze forked spear
(渾鐵點鋼叉)
 
35 35 Tianku
(天哭);
Crying Star
(天哭星)
Xie Bao
(解宝; 解寶; Xiè Bǎo; Hsieh Pao)
"Twin-tailed Scorpion"
(雙尾蠍)
Infantry Infantry leader Hunter Dengzhou (in present-day eastern Shandong) 49 Bronze forked spear
(渾鐵點鋼叉)
 
36 36 Tianqiao
(天巧);
Skilful Star
(天巧星)
Yan Qing
(燕青; Yàn Qīng; Yen Ch'ing)
"Prodigal" / "Wanderer"
(浪子)
Infantry Infantry leader Lu Junyi's steward Daming Prefecture
(in present-day Handan, Hebei)
60 Crossbow  

72 Earthly Fiends

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Rank (L) Rank (EF) Star Name Nickname Division Designation Origin Ancestral home / Place of origin Chapter of first appearance Weapon Picture
37 1 Dikui
(地魁);
Leader Star
(地魁星)
Zhu Wu
(朱武; Zhū Wǔ; Chu Wu)
"Resourceful Strategist"
(神機軍師)
Strategist Strategist Bandit leader Dingyuan (present-day Dingyuan County, Chuzhou, Anhui) 2 Pair of swords  
38 2 Disha
(地煞);
Malignant Star
(地煞星)
Huang Xin
(黄信; 黃信; Huáng Xìn; Huang Hsin)
"Guardian of Three Mountains"
(鎮三山)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Imperial general Qingzhou (in present-day Shandong) 33 Sword of Death
(喪門劍)
 
39 3 Diyong
(地勇);
Brave Star
(地勇星)
Sun Li
(孙立; 孫立; Sūn Lì; Sun Li)
"Superior to Yuchi"
(病尉遲)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Garrison major Qiongzhou
(present-day Hainan)
49 Spear,
Steel clubs
 
40 4 Dijie
(地傑);
Prominence Star
(地傑星)
Xuan Zan
(宣赞; 宣贊; Xuān Zàn; Hsüan Tsan)
"Ugly Prince Consort"
(醜郡馬)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Military officer 63 Sabre  
41 5 Dixiong
(地雄);
Magnificent Star
(地雄星)
Hao Siwen
(郝思文; Hǎo Sīwén; Hao Szu-wen)
"Wood Dog of Well"
(井木犴)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Imperial general 63  
42 6 Diwei
(地威);
Majestic Star
(地威星)
Han Tao
(韩滔; 韓滔; Hán Tāo; Han T'ao)
"General of a Hundred Victories"
(百勝將)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Imperial drill instructor Dongjing
(present-day Kaifeng, Henan)
55
43 7 Diying
(地英);
Hero Star
(地英星)
Peng Qi
(彭玘; Péng Qǐ; P'eng Ch'i)
"General of Heavenly Vision"
(天目將)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Imperial drill instructor Dongjing
(present-day Kaifeng, Henan)
55 Sabre
(三尖兩刃刀)
 
44 8 Diqi
(地奇);
Unique Star
(地奇星)
Shan Tinggui
(单廷圭; 單廷珪; Shàn Tíngguī; Shan T'ing-kui)
"General of Sacred Water"
(聖水將軍)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Imperial drill instructor Lingzhou (present-day Ling County, Dezhou, Shandong) 67 Black spear,
Bow and arrows
45 9 Dimeng
(地猛);
Fierce Star
(地猛星)
Wei Dingguo
(魏定国; 魏定國; Wèi Dìngguó; Wei Ting-kuo)
"General of Holy Fire"
(神火將軍)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Imperial drill instructor Lingzhou
(present-day Ling County, Dezhou, Shandong)
67 Sabre,
Bow and arrows
46 10 Diwen
(地文);
Literature Star
(地文星)
Xiao Rang
(萧让; 蕭讓; Xiāo Ràng; Hsiao Jang)
"Sacred Handed Scholar"
(聖手書生)
Chief secretary Scholar and calligrapher Jizhou (around present-day Jining and Heze, Shandong) 39  
47 11 Dizheng
(地正);
Upright Star
(地正星)
Pei Xuan
(裴宣; Péi Xuān; P'ei Hsüan)
"Iron Faced Magistrate's Clerk"
(鐵面孔目)
Chief Justice Magistrate Jingzhao Prefecture (around present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi) 44
48 12 Dikuo
(地闊);
Wide Star
(地闊星)
Ou Peng
(欧鹏; 歐鵬; Ōu Péng; Ou P'eng)
"Golden Wings Brushing Against the Clouds"
(摩雲金翅)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Bandit leader Huangzhou (in present-day Huanggang, Hubei) 41  
49 13 Dihe
(地闔);
Whole Star
(地闔星)
Deng Fei
(邓飞; 鄧飛; Dèng Fēi; Teng Fei)
"Fiery Eyed Suan-ni"
(火眼狻猊)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Bandit leader Xiangyang, Hubei 44 Iron chain with spikes
50 14 Diqiang
(地強);
Strong Star
(地強星)
Yan Shun
(燕顺; 燕順; Yàn Shùn; Yen Shun)
"Multicoloured Tiger"
(錦毛虎)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Bandit leader Laizhou (around present-day Yantai, Shandong) 32 Sabre
51 15 Di'an
(地暗);
Dark Star
(地暗星)
Yang Lin
(杨林; 楊林; Yáng Lín; Yang Lin)
"Multicoloured Leopard"
(錦豹子)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Wandering outlaw Zhangde Prefecture
(present-day Anyang, Henan)
44 Iron spear  
52 16 Dizhou
(地軸);
Axis Star
(地軸星)
Ling Zhen
(凌振; Líng Zhèn; Ling Chen)
"Heaven Shaking Thunder"
(轟天雷)
Pyrotechnics Pyrotechnics unit commander Imperial artillery officer Yanling (believed to be present-day Yanling County, Xuchang, Henan) 55 Cannon, Spear  
53 17 Dihui
(地會);
Meet Star
(地會星)
Jiang Jing
(蒋敬; 蔣敬; Jiǎng Jìng; Chiang Ching)
"Divine Mathematician"
(神算子)
Logistics Accountant Bandit leader Tanzhou, Hunan 41
54 18 Dizuo
(地佐);
Aid Star
(地佐星)
Lü Fang
(吕方; 呂方; Lǚ Fāng; Lü Fang)
"Little Marquis of Wen"
(小溫侯)
Cavalry Central Camp Defendant General Bandit leader Tanzhou (around present-day Changsha, Hunan) 35 Sky Piercer
(方天畫戟)
 
55 19 Diyou
(地祐);
Help Star
(地祐星)
Guo Sheng
(郭盛; Guō Shèng; Kuo Sheng)
"Comparable to Rengui"
(賽仁貴)
Cavalry Central Camp Defendant General Bandit Jialing (present-day Jialing District, Nanchong, Sichuan) 35 "Sky Piercer"
(方天畫戟)
 
56 20 Diling
(地靈);
Efficacious Star
(地靈星)
An Daoquan
(安道全; Ān Dàoquán; An Tao-ch'üan)
"Divine Physician"
(神醫)
Medical Physician Physician Jiankang Prefecture
(present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu)
65  
57 21 Dishou
(地獸);
Beast Star
(地獸星)
Huangfu Duan
(皇甫端; Huángfǔ Duān; Huang-fu Tuan)
"Purple Bearded Count"
(紫髯伯)
Medical Veterinarian Veterinarian Youzhou
(present-day Beijing)
70
58 22 Diwei
(地微);
Minute Star
(地微星)
Wang Ying
(王英; Wáng Yīng; Wang Ying)
"Stumpy Tiger"
(矮腳虎)
Cavalry Cavalry leader Bandit leader Huai River region 31  
59 23 Dihui
(地慧);
Bright Star
(地慧星)
Hu Sanniang
(扈三娘; Hù Sānniáng; Hu San-niang)
"Ten Feet of Blue"
(一丈青)
Cavalry Cavalry leader Daughter of a squire Yunzhou, Zhongshan Prefecture (around present-day Dongping County, Tai'an, Shandong) 47 Pair of sabres,
Lasso
 
60 24 Dibao
(地暴);
Savage Star
(地暴星)
Bao Xu
(鲍旭; 鮑旭; Bào Xù; Pao Hsü)
"God of Death"
(喪門神)
Infantry Infantry leader Bandit leader Kouzhou (believed to be present-day Guan County, Liaocheng, Shandong) 67 Sword
(闊刃劍)
61 25 Diran
(地然);
Correct Star
(地然星)
Fan Rui
(樊瑞; Fán Ruì; Fan Jui)
"Demon King of Chaos"
(混世魔王)
Infantry Infantry leader Bandit leader Puzhou
(in present-day Chongqing)
60 Chain spiked mace
(流星槌)
 
62 26 Dichang
(地猖);
Wild Star
(地猖星)
Kong Ming
(孔明; Kǒng Míng; K'ung Ming)
"Hairy Star"
(毛頭星)
Infantry Central Camp Defendant General Bandit leader Qingzhou
(in present-day Shandong)
57 Spear  
63 27 Dikuang
(地狂);
Crazy Star
(地狂星)
Kong Liang
(孔亮; Kǒng Liàng; K'ung Liang)
"Lonely Fiery Star"
(獨火星)
Infantry Central Camp Defendant General Bandit leader Qingzhou
(in present-day Shandong)
57 Spear  
64 28 Difei
(地飛);
Flying Star
(地飛星)
Xiang Chong
(项充; 項充; Xiàng Chōng; Hsiang Ch'ung)
"Eight-armed Nezha"
(八臂哪吒)
Infantry Infantry leader Bandit leader Pei County, Xuzhou 59 Spear,
Flying daggers
 
65 29 Dizou
(地走);
Walking Star
(地走星)
Li Gun
(李衮; 李袞; Lǐ Gǔn; Li Kun)
"Sky Soaring Great Sage"
(飛天大聖)
Infantry Infantry leader Bandit leader Pei County, Xuzhou 59 Sword,
Javelins
 
66 30 Diqiao
(地巧);
Skilful Star
(地巧星)
Jin Dajian
(金大坚; 金大堅; Jīn Dàjiān; Chin Ta-chien)
"Jade Armed Craftsman"
(玉臂匠)
Head craftsman Craftsman Jizhou (around present-day Jining and Heze, Shandong) 39
67 31 Diming
(地明);
Bright Star
(地明星)
Ma Lin
(马麟; 馬麟; Mǎ Lín; Ma Lin)
"Iron Flute Deity"
(鐵笛仙)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Bandit leader Jiankang Prefecture
(present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu)
41 Pair of sabres  
68 32 Dijin
(地進);
Forward Star
(地進星)
Tong Wei
(童威; Tóng Wēi; T'ung Wei)
"Dragon Emerging from a Cave"
(出洞蛟)
Navy Navy leader Salt trader Jieyang Ridge (believed to be in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi) 37  
69 33 Ditui
(地退);
Retreating Star
(地退星)
Tong Meng
(童猛; Tóng Měng; T'ung Meng)
"River Churning Clam"
(翻江蜃)
Navy Navy leader Salt trader Jieyang Ridge (believed to be in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi) 37
70 34 Diman
(地滿);
Full Star
(地滿星)
Meng Kang
(孟康; Mèng Kāng; Meng K'ang)
"Jade Flagpole"
(玉幡竿)
Chief ship builder Bandit leader Zhending Prefecture (around present-day Zhengding County, Shijiazhuang, Hebei) 44
71 35 Disui
(地遂);
Succeed Star
(地遂星)
Hou Jian
(侯健; Hóu Jiàn; Hou Chien)
"Interconnected-Arm Gibbon"
(通臂猿)
Chief tailor Tailor Hongdu
(present-day Nanchang, Jiangxi)
41
72 36 Dizhou
(地周);
Complete Star
(地周星)
Chen Da
(陈达; 陳達; Chén Dá; Ch'en Ta)
"Stream Leaping Tiger"
(跳澗虎)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Bandit leader Ye
(in present-day Handan, Hebei)
2 Iron spear  
73 37 Diyin
(地隱);
Latent Star
(地隱星)
Yang Chun
(杨春; 楊春; Yáng Chūn; Yang Ch'un)
"White Flower Serpent"
(白花蛇)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Bandit leader Jieliang, Puzhou (present-day Jiezhou Town, Yanhu District, Yuncheng, Shanxi) 2 Sabre  
74 38 Diyi
(地異);
Different Star
(地異星)
Zheng Tianshou
(郑天寿; 鄭天壽; Zhèng Tiānshòu; Cheng T'ien-shou)
"Fair Skinned Gentleman"
(白面郎君)
Infantry Infantry leader Bandit leader Suzhou, Jiangsu 32  
75 39 Dili
(地理);
Manage Star
(地理星)
Tao Zongwang
(陶宗旺; Táo Zōngwàng; T'ao Tsung-wang)
"Nine-Tailed Turtle"
(九尾龜)
Construction supervisor Bandit leader Guangzhou (around present-day Huangchuan County, Xinyang, Henan) 41 Iron shovel
76 40 Dijun
(地俊);
Handsome Star
(地俊星)
Song Qing
(宋清; Sòng Qīng; Sung Ch'ing)
"Iron Fan"
(鐵扇子)
Banquet organiser Farmer Yuncheng County, Heze, Shandong 18
77 41 Diyue
(地樂);
Music Star
(地樂星)
Yue He
(乐和; 樂和; Yuè Hé; Yüeh He)
"Iron Whistle"
(鐵叫子)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Infantry scouting leader Jailer Maozhou
(present-day Changyi, Weifang, Shandong)
49
78 42 Dijie
(地捷);
Victorious Star
(地捷星)
Gong Wang
(龚旺; 龔旺; Gōng Wàng; Kung Wang)
"Flowery Necked Tiger"
(花項虎)
Infantry Infantry leader Imperial general Dongchang Prefecture (present-day Dongchangfu, Liaocheng, Shandong 70 Spear
79 43 Disu
(地速);
Speed Star
(地速星)
Ding Desun
(丁得孙; 丁得孫; Dīng Désūn; Ting Te-sun)
"Arrow-hit Tiger"
(中箭虎)
Infantry Infantry leader Imperial general Dongchang Prefecture (present-day Dongchangfu, Liaocheng, Shandong 70 Forked spear  
80 44 Dizhen
(地鎮);
Guardian Star
(地鎮星)
Mu Chun
(穆春; Mù Chūn; Mu Ch'un)
"Little Restrained"
(小遮攔)
Infantry Infantry leader Rich man Jieyang Town (believed to be in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi) 36 Sabre  
81 45 Diji
(地稽);
Check Star
(地稽星)
Cao Zheng
(曹正; Cáo Zhèng; Ts'ao Cheng)
"Knife Wielding Demon"
(操刀鬼)
Chief butcher Butcher Kaifeng 17  
82 46 Dimo
(地魔);
Devil Star
(地魔星)
Song Wan
(宋万; 宋萬; Sòng Wàn; Sung Wan)
"Giant in the Clouds"
(雲裏金剛)
Infantry Infantry leader Bandit leader 11  
83 47 Diyao
(地妖);
Demon Star
(地妖星)
Du Qian
(杜迁; 杜遷; Dù Qiān; Tu Ch'ien)
"Touching the Sky"
(摸着天)
Infantry Infantry leader Bandit leader 11  
84 48 Diyou
(地幽);
Tranquil Star
(地幽星)
Xue Yong
(薛永; Xuē Yǒng; Hsüeh Yung)
"Superior to Tiger"
(病大蟲)
Infantry Infantry leader Medicine peddler Luoyang, Henan 36  
85 49 Difu
(地伏);
Concealment Star
(地伏星)
Shi En
(施恩; Shī Ēn; Shih En)
"Golden Eyed Tiger Cub"
(金眼彪)
Infantry Infantry leader Prison warden Mengzhou, Jiaozuo, Henan 28
86 50 Dipi
(地僻);
Remote Star
(地僻星)
Li Zhong
(李忠; Lǐ Zhōng; Li Chung)
"Tiger Slaying General"
(打虎將)
Infantry Infantry leader Medicine peddler Haozhou
(present-day Fengyang County, Anhui)
3  
87 51 Dikong
(地空);
Empty Star
(地空星)
Zhou Tong
(周通; Zhōu Tōng; Chou T'ung)
"Little Conqueror"
(小覇王)
Scouting general (cavalry) Tiger Cub Scouting General Bandit leader Qingzhou
(in present-day Shandong)
5 Spear
(走水綠沉槍)
88 52 Digu
(地孤);
Solitary Star
(地孤星)
Tang Long
(汤隆; 湯隆; Tāng Lóng; T'ang Lung)
"Gold Coin Spotted Leopard"
(金錢豹子)
Chief armourer Blacksmith Yan'an, Shaanxi 54  
89 53 Diquan
(地全);
Complete Star
(地全星)
Du Xing
(杜兴; 杜興; Dù Xīng; Tu Hsing)
"Demon Face"
(鬼臉兒)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Scout leader Li Ying's steward Zhongshan
(present-day Dingzhou, Hebei)
46  
90 54 Diduan
(地短);
Short Star
(地短星)
Zou Yuan
(邹渊; 鄒淵; Zōu Yuān; Tsou Yüan)
"Forest Emerging Dragon"
(出林龍)
Infantry Infantry leader Bandit leader Laizhou, Yantai, Shandong 49 Flying Tiger Staff
(飛虎棒)
 
91 55 Dijiao
(地角);
Horn Star
(地角星)
Zou Run
(邹润; 鄒潤; Zōu Rùn; Tsou Jun)
"Single Horned Dragon"
(獨角龍)
Infantry Infantry leader Bandit leader Laizhou, Yantai, Shandong 49  
92 56 Diqiu
(地囚);
Prisoner Star
(地囚星)
Zhu Gui
(朱贵; 朱貴; Zhū Guì; Chu Kui)
"Dry Land Alligator"
(旱地忽律)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Scout leader Bandit leader Yishui County, Yizhou
(in present-day Linyi, Shandong)
11  
93 57 Dicang
(地藏);
Hidden Star
(地藏星)
Zhu Fu
(朱富; Zhū Fù; Chu Fu)
"Sneering Tiger"
(笑面虎)
Brewery master Tavern owner Yishui County, Yizhou
(in present-day Linyi, Shandong)
43
94 58 Diping
(地平);
Level Star
(地平星)
Cai Fu
(蔡福; Cài Fú; Ts'ai Fu)
"Iron Arm"
(鐵臂膊)
Chief executioner Prison warden and executioner Daming Prefecture
(in present-day Handan, Hebei)
62
95 59 Disun
(地損);
Harm Star
(地損星)
Cai Qing
(蔡庆; 蔡慶; Cài Qìng; Ts'ai Ch'ing)
"Stalk of Flower"
(一枝花)
Chief executioner Prison warden and executioner Daming Prefecture
(in present-day Handan, Hebei)
62
96 60 Dinu
(地奴);
Slave Star
(地奴星)
Li Li
(李立; Lǐ Lì; Li Li)
"Life Taking Judge"
(催命判官)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Scout leader Tavern owner Luzhou (present-day Hefei, Anhui) 36
97 61 Dicha
(地察);
Detective Star
(地察星)
Li Yun
(李云; 李雲; Lǐ Yún; Li Yün)
"Green Eyed Tiger"
(青眼虎)
Construction supervisor Constable Yishui County, Yizhou
(in present-day Linyi, Shandong)
43 Sabre
98 62 Di'e
(地惡);
Evil Star
(地惡星)
Jiao Ting
(焦挺; Jiāo Tǐng; Chiao T'ing)
"Faceless"
(沒面目)
Infantry Infantry leader Wrestler Zhongshan Prefecture (around present-day Dingzhou, Baoding, Hebei) 67
99 63 Dichou
(地丑);
Ugly Star
(地丑星)
Shi Yong
(石勇; Shí Yǒng; Shih Yung)
"Stone General"
(石將軍)
Infantry Infantry leader Gambler Daming Prefecture
(in present-day Handan, Hebei)
35  
100 64 Dishu
(地數);
Number Star
(地數星)
Sun Xin
(孙新; 孫新; Sūn Xīn; Sun Hsin)
"Little Yuchi"
(小尉遲)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Scout leader Tavern owner Qiongzhou
(present-day Hainan)
49
101 65 Diyin
(地陰);
Yin Star
(地陰星)
Gu Dasao
(顾大嫂; 顧大嫂; Gù Dàsǎo; Ku Ta-sao)
"Female Tiger"
(母大蟲)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Scout leader Tavern owner Dengzhou
(present-day Penglai District, Yantai, Shandong)
49  
102 66 Dixing
(地刑);
Execute Star
(地刑星)
Zhang Qing
(张青; 張青; Zhāng Qīng; Chang Ch'ing)
"Gardener"
(菜園子)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Scout leader Tavern owner Mengzhou, Jiaozuo, Henan 17  
103 67 Dizhuang
(地壯);
Strong Star
(地壯星)
Sun Erniang
(孙二娘; 孫二娘; Sūn Èrniáng; Sun Erh-niang)
"Female Yaksha"
(母夜叉)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Scout leader Tavern owner 17  
104 68 Dilie
(地劣);
Inferior Star
(地劣星)
Wang Dingliu
(王定六; Wáng Dìngliù; Wang Ting-liu)
"Living Goddess of Lightning"
(活閃婆)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Scout leader Tavern owner Jiankang Prefecture
(present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu)
65  
105 69 Dijian
(地健);
Healthy Star
(地健星)
Yu Baosi
(郁保四; Yù Bǎosì; Yü Pao-szu)
"God of the Dangerous Road"
(險道神)
Chief flag bearer Bandit Qingzhou, Shandong 68
106 70 Dihao
(地耗);
Rat Star
(地耗星)
Bai Sheng
(白胜; 白勝; Bái Shèng; Pai Sheng)
"Daylight Rat"
(白日鼠)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Scout leader Gambler Anle Village, Yuncheng County, Shandong 16  
107 71 Dizei
(地賊);
Thief Star
(地賊星)
Shi Qian
(时迁; 時遷; Shí Qiān; Shih Ch'ien)
"Flea on a Drum"
(鼓上蚤)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Scout leader Thief,
Tomb raider
Gaotangzhou
(present-day Gaotang County, Shandong)
46 Pudao  
108 72 Digou
(地狗);
Hound Star
(地狗星)
Duan Jingzhu
(段景住; Duàn Jǐngzhù; Tuan Ching-chu)
"Golden Haired Hound"
(金毛犬)
Reconnaissance and intelligence Scout leader Horse thief Zhuozhou, Hebei 60  

References

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  1. ^ Hsia, C.T. C. T. Hsia on Chinese Literature. Columbia University Press, 2004 (ISBN 0231129904), pp. 448-449, footnote #31
  2. ^ Børdahl, Vibeke. The Oral Traditions of Yangzhou Storytelling. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 1996 (ISBN 0-7007-0436-1)
  3. ^ Wang, Yun Heng (汪运衡) and Xiao Yun Long (筱云龙). Tie Bei Jin Dao Zhou Tong Zhuan (铁臂金刀周侗传 - "Iron Arm, Golden Sabre: The Biography of Zhou Tong"). Hangzhou: Zhejiang People's Publishing House, 1986 (UBSN --- Union Books and Serials Number) CN (10103.414) and 464574
  4. ^ (in Chinese) Cha, Louis. The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 1. Hong Kong Commercial Daily, 1957.

Bibliography

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  • (in Chinese) Li, Mengxia. 108 Heroes from the Water Margin, page 27. EPB Publishers Pte Ltd, 1992. ISBN 9971 0 0252 3.
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