Afimoxifene

Afimoxifene
Clinical data
Trade names	TamoGel
Other names	4-Hydroxytamoxifen; 4-OHT; 4-HT; OHTAM; TamoGel
Routes of; administration	Topical (gel)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (Z)-4-(1-(4-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)phenyl)-2-phenylbut-1-enyl)phenol;
CAS Number	68392-35-8 ;
PubChem CID	449459;
ChemSpider	395987 ;
UNII	17197F0KYM;
KEGG	D06551 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:44616;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL489 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7022384 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.163.120
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C26H29NO2
Molar mass	387.523 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES CC\C(c1ccccc1)=C(c2ccc(OCCN(C)C)cc2)/c3ccc(O)cc3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C26H29NO2/c1-4-25(20-8-6-5-7-9-20)26(21-10-14-23(28)15-11-21)22-12-16-24(17-13-22)29-19-18-27(2)3/h5-17,28H,4,18-19H2,1-3H3/b26-25- ; Key:TXUZVZSFRXZGTL-QPLCGJKRSA-N ;
	(verify)

Afimoxifene, also known as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) and by its tentative brand name TamoGel, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the triphenylethylene group and an active metabolite of tamoxifen.^[1]^[2]^[3] The drug is under development under the tentative brand name TamoGel as a topical gel for the treatment of hyperplasia of the breast.^[1]^[4] It has completed a phase II clinical trial for cyclical mastalgia,^[5] but further studies are required before afimoxifene can be approved for this indication and marketed.^[4]

Afimoxifene is a SERM and hence acts as a tissue-selective agonist–antagonist of the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ with mixed estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity depending on the tissue. It is also an agonist of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) with relatively low affinity (100–1,000 nM, relative to 3–6 nM for estradiol).^[6] In addition to its estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity, afimoxifene has been found to act as an antagonist of the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) ERRβ and ERRγ.^[7]^[8]^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b "Afimoxifene - BHR Pharma". AdisInsight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
^ Desta Z, Ward BA, Soukhova NV, Flockhart DA (September 2004). "Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 310 (3): 1062–1075. doi:10.1124/jpet.104.065607. PMID 15159443. S2CID 21413981.
^ "Statement on a nonproprietary name adopted by the USAN council: Afimoxifene" (PDF). American Medical Association. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
^ ^a ^b Goyal A, Mansel RE (16 November 2016). "Mastalgia". In Jatoi I, Rody A (eds.). Management of Breast Diseases. Springer. pp. 77–. ISBN 978-3-319-46356-8.
^ Mansel R, Goyal A, Nestour EL, Masini-Etévé V, O'Connell K (December 2007). "A phase II trial of Afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen gel) for cyclical mastalgia in premenopausal women". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 106 (3): 389–397. doi:10.1007/s10549-007-9507-x. PMID 17351746. S2CID 22382077.
^ Prossnitz ER, Arterburn JB (July 2015). "International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVII. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor and Its Pharmacologic Modulators". Pharmacological Reviews. 67 (3): 505–540. doi:10.1124/pr.114.009712. PMC 4485017. PMID 26023144.
^ Levine AC (3 October 2011). Hormones and Cancer: Breast and Prostate, An Issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 271–. ISBN 978-1-4557-1239-7.
^ Khetan SK (23 May 2014). "Anti-Androgenic Chemicals". Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment. Wiley. pp. 104–. ISBN 978-1-118-89115-5.
^ Ariazi EA, Jordan VC (2006). "Estrogen-related receptors as emerging targets in cancer and metabolic disorders". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (3): 203–215. doi:10.2174/1568026610606030203. PMID 16515477.

External links

4-hydroxytamoxifen at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Afimoxifene - AdisInsight

This drug article relating to the genito-urinary system is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[AdisInsight-1] "Afimoxifene - BHR Pharma". AdisInsight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

[Desta_2004-2] Desta Z, Ward BA, Soukhova NV, Flockhart DA (September 2004). "Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 310 (3): 1062–1075. doi:10.1124/jpet.104.065607. PMID 15159443. S2CID 21413981.

[AMA_USAN-3] "Statement on a nonproprietary name adopted by the USAN council: Afimoxifene" (PDF). American Medical Association. Retrieved 2008-03-26.

[JatoiRody2016-4] Goyal A, Mansel RE (16 November 2016). "Mastalgia". In Jatoi I, Rody A (eds.). Management of Breast Diseases. Springer. pp. 77–. ISBN 978-3-319-46356-8.

[pmid17351746-5] Mansel R, Goyal A, Nestour EL, Masini-Etévé V, O'Connell K (December 2007). "A phase II trial of Afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen gel) for cyclical mastalgia in premenopausal women". Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 106 (3): 389–397. doi:10.1007/s10549-007-9507-x. PMID 17351746. S2CID 22382077.

[pmid26023144-6] Prossnitz ER, Arterburn JB (July 2015). "International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVII. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor and Its Pharmacologic Modulators". Pharmacological Reviews. 67 (3): 505–540. doi:10.1124/pr.114.009712. PMC 4485017. PMID 26023144.

[Levine2011-7] Levine AC (3 October 2011). Hormones and Cancer: Breast and Prostate, An Issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 271–. ISBN 978-1-4557-1239-7.

[Khetan2014-8] Khetan SK (23 May 2014). "Anti-Androgenic Chemicals". Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment. Wiley. pp. 104–. ISBN 978-1-118-89115-5.

[pmid16515477-9] Ariazi EA, Jordan VC (2006). "Estrogen-related receptors as emerging targets in cancer and metabolic disorders". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (3): 203–215. doi:10.2174/1568026610606030203. PMID 16515477.

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Afimoxifene

See also

References

External links