"Five Cs of Singapore" — namely, cash, car, credit card, condominium and country club — is a phrase used in Singapore to refer to materialism.[1] It was first coined as a popular observational joke during the 1990s about the aspirations of some Singaporeans that exhibits materialistic tendencies by constantly seeking to obtain material possessions in an effort to impress others.[2]
Overview
edit
Cash
editCash refers to spending power rather than physical currency. Financial security and affluence is a status symbol worldwide and for much of contemporary human history was the measure of personal worth and success.
Car
editThe car ownership rate in Singapore is roughly 11%. In comparison, it is 50% in the European Union and 80% in the United States.[3] As part of the government's continued efforts to make Singapore a "car-lite society" and reduce car dependency, only around 33% of Singaporean and permanent resident households own cars in Singapore in 2023, down from 40% in 2013.[4]
Although cars are an abundance in most countries and are not seen as status symbol (except only for luxury cars), high taxation on the import and ownership of motor vehicles (191% on new vehicles, an annual road tax based on engine size, and high pump prices) and a quota system requiring owners to acquire a costly Certificate of Entitlement (COE) has uniquely made car ownership a symbol of wealth in a land-constrained country such as Singapore.
Credit card
editCredit cards are a visible symbol of success. Singapore's financial regulator, the Monetary Authority of Singapore,[5] has stipulated a maximum personal credit limit[6] of two months' income given personal income less than S$30,000, or four months' income for all others. Banks typically issue different types of cards depending on the available credit limit, associating greater cachet with cards that offer a higher limit.
Condominium
editIn Singapore, privately developed apartments (colloquially known as condominiums or condos) reflect a higher wealth status as compared to public housing also known as HDBs which are public apartments built, sold and subsidised by the government. Up to 80% of Singaporeans live in public housing throughout the country, as land in Singapore is at a premium, meaning that freestanding and sometimes freehold houses are rare and signify even greater affluence, especially old money.
Country Club
editIn Singapore, there is a small amount of country clubs which leads to limited expensive membership. Access to membership to country clubs is viewed as exclusivity and an indicator of power and wealth.[7]
New Five Cs
editIn 2019, it was published that a "new" Five Cs has emerged since the 2010s among Singaporean white-collar workers, with lesser emphasis on materialism. While cash was retained, other C's can now include culture, credibility, career and convenience, among others.[8]
In a web conference of local newspaper Today in 2021, it has been argued that newer generations of Singaporeans are now less materialistic and do not value the original Five Cs as much, and that they have redefined what constitutes as success and priorities in life.[9] A panellist added that they now opt to work for a job that they are passionate in, with the intention to "make a difference", rather than just working for a salary.[9]
References
edit- ^ [1] Archived 13 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lai, Linette (16 April 2021). "5Cs? It's 3 new Cs such as caring for environment that resonate with young S'poreans: Heng Swee Keat | The Straits Times". www.straitstimes.com. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
- ^ "Car Ownership Singapore 2023". Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ Loi, Esther (6 November 2023). "One-third of S'pore resident households own cars, down from 40 per cent a decade ago". The Straits Times. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ Monetary Authority of Singapore
- ^ [2] Archived 7 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Jordan (27 August 2019). "The Evolving Definition of the Five Cs of Singapore". HR ASIA. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ Goh, Melissa (7 August 2019). "No condos and country clubs, here are the new 5Cs defined by Singaporeans". AsiaOne. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
- ^ a b Elangovan, Navelene. "Forget the 5Cs, young S'poreans want to make a difference, create impact with their work: TODAY webinar panellists". TODAY. Retrieved 19 June 2022.