In military terms, 72nd Division or 72nd Infantry Division may refer to:
- Infantry divisions
- 72nd Infantry Division (France)
- 72nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)
- 72nd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
- 72nd Infantry Division (Philippine Commonwealth Army)
- 72nd Mechanized Brigade (Soviet Union)
- 72nd Division (Spain)
- 72nd Division (United Kingdom)
- 72nd Infantry Division (United States)
- 72nd Infantry Division (South Korea)
- Cavalry divisions
- Armoured divisions