Wikipedia

Orly Airport

(Redirected from Aéroport Paris-Orly)
For the World War I and NATO military use of this facility, see Orly Air Base.

Paris Orly Airport (French: Aéroport de Paris-Orly) (IATA: ORY, ICAO: LFPO) is one of two international airports serving Paris, France, the other one being Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG). It is located partially in Orly and partially in Villeneuve-le-Roi, 13 km (8.1 mi) south[2] of Paris. It serves as a secondary hub for domestic and overseas territories flights of Air France and as the homebase for Transavia France. Flights operate to destinations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Caribbean, South America and North America.

Paris Orly Airport

Aéroport de Paris-Orly
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerGroupe ADP
OperatorParis Aéroport
ServesParis metropolitan area
LocationEssonne and the Val-de-Marne, France
Opened1932; 92 years ago (1932)
Hub for
Operating base for
Built1 January 1918; 106 years ago (1918-01-01)
Elevation AMSL291 ft / 89 m
Coordinates48°43′24″N 02°22′46″E / 48.72333°N 2.37944°E / 48.72333; 2.37944
Websitewww.parisaeroport.fr/en/orly-airport
Maps
Airport diagram (2024)
Airport diagram (2024)
ORY/LFPO is located in Île-de-France (region)
ORY/LFPO
ORY/LFPO
Location of airport in Île-de-France region
ORY/LFPO is located in France
ORY/LFPO
ORY/LFPO
ORY/LFPO (France)
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
02/20 2,400 7,874 Concrete
06/24 3,650 11,975 Bituminous concrete
07/25 3,320 10,892 Concrete
Statistics (2023)
Total passengers32,294,167
Aircraft movements205,600
Source: French AIP,[1] French AIP at EUROCONTROL,[2] Statistics[3]

Before the opening of CDG in 1974, Orly was the main airport of Paris. Even with the shift of most international traffic to CDG, Orly remains the busiest French airport for domestic traffic and the second busiest French airport overall in passenger traffic, with 33,120,685 passengers in 2018.[3] The airport is operated by Groupe ADP under the brand Paris Aéroport.

Location

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Orly Airport covers 15.3 km2 (5.9 sq mi) of land. The airport area, including terminals and runways, spans over two départements and seven communes:

Management of the airport, however, is solely under the authority of Aéroports de Paris, which also manages Charles de Gaulle Airport, Le Bourget Airport, and several smaller airports in the suburbs of Paris.

History

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Main article: Orly Air Base

First years

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Originally known as Villeneuve-Orly Airport, the facility was opened in the southern suburbs of Paris in 1932 as a secondary airport to Le Bourget. Before this two huge airship hangars had been built there by the engineer Eugène Freyssinet from 1923 on.[citation needed]

World War II

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As a result of the Battle of France in 1940, Orly Airport was used by the occupying German Luftwaffe as a combat airfield, stationing various fighter and bomber units at the airport throughout the occupation.[10] Consequently, Orly was repeatedly attacked by the Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Forces (USAAF), destroying much of its infrastructure, and leaving its runways with numerous bomb craters to limit its usefulness to the Germans.[citation needed]

After the Battle of Normandy and the retreat of German forces from the Paris area in August 1944, Orly was partially repaired by USAAF combat engineers and was used by Ninth Air Force as tactical airfield A-47. The 50th Fighter Group flew P-47 Thunderbolt fighter-bomber aircraft from the airport until September, then liaison squadrons used the airfield until October 1945.[11]

Post-war

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The USAAF diagram from March 1947 shows the 6,140-foot (1,870 m) 27/207 (degrees magnetic) runway (later 03R) with 5,170-foot (1,580 m) 81/261 runway (later 08L) crossing it at its north end. The November 1953 Aeradio diagram shows four concrete runways, all 197 feet (60 m) wide: 03L 7,874 ft (2,400 m), 03R 6,069 ft (1,850 m), 08L 5,118 ft (1,560 m) and 08R 6,627 ft (2,020 m).[citation needed]

The American United States Army Air Forces 1408th Army Air Force Base Unit was the primary operator at Orly Field until March 1947 when control was returned to the French Government. (The United States Air Force leased a small portion of the Airport to support Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) at Rocquencourt). The Americans left in 1967 as a result of France's withdrawal from NATO's integrated military command, and all non-French NATO forces were asked to leave France.[12]

In May 1958, Pan Am Douglas DC-7Cs flew to Los Angeles in 21 hr 56 min; Trans World Airlines, Air France and Pan Am flew nonstop to New York in 14 hrs 10–15 min. Air France flew to Tokyo in 31 hr 5 min via Anchorage or 44 hr 45 min on a seven-stop Lockheed Constellation (1049G model) via India. Air France's ten flights a day to London were almost all Vickers Viscounts; the only other London flight was Alitalia's daily Douglas DC-6B (BEA was at Le Bourget).[citation needed]

A development project voted in 2012 planned to merge the airport's south and west terminals with the construction of an 80,000-square-metre (860,000 sq ft) building to create one great terminal.[13] On 14 April 2016, the Groupe ADP rolled out the Connect 2020 corporate strategy and the commercial brand Paris Aéroport was applied to all Parisian airports, including the Orly airport.[14]

On 7 November 2015, the failure of a two-decade-old Windows 3.1 system which was responsible for communicating visual range information in foggy weather to pilots caused a temporary cease of operations. Whether the failure was hardware- or software-based is not specified, though the highlighting of the operating system suggests a software failure.[15]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on aviation, the airport was closed to all commercial traffic from 1 April 2020 to 25 June 2020.[16][17] During this period, commercial traffic and flights were relocated to Charles de Gaulle Airport, while Orly was still used for State flights, emergency diversions, and medical evacuations.

In October 2023, it was announced that Air France will largely cease using Orly Airport by summer 2026, with only one public service obligation flight to Corsica to remain.[18][19]

Terminals

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Terminals 1, 2, 3, 4

Terminals 1 and 2

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Known as the West Terminal until March 2019, these two terminals consist of two floors and a gate area of four "fingers" rather than a brick-style layout. The ground level 0 features the arrivals facilities including eight baggage reclaim belts as well as several service facilities and shops. The departures area is located on level 1 with more stores and restaurants located here. This central departures area is connected to three gate areas split between Orly 1 (A and B gates) and Orly 2 (C gates).[20] 23 stands at this terminal are equipped with jet-bridges, with several of them also able to handle wide-body aircraft.[21]

Terminal 3

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Inaugurated in April 2019, Terminal 3 is a junction building between Terminals 1, 2 and 4. The terminal allows customers to travel between all areas of the airport under one roof. It includes around 5,000 sqm of duty-free shopping along with several restaurants and lounges. It houses gates D and E, with direct access to Orly 4 departure gates.[22]

Terminal 4

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Formerly known as the South Terminal this innovative 1961 steel-and-glass terminal building consists of six floors. While the smaller basement level −1 as well as the upper levels 2, 3 and 4 contain only some service facilities, restaurants and office space, level 0 features the arrivals facilities as well as several shops and service counters. The airside area and departure gates are located on the upper level 1. The waiting area, which features several shops as well, houses gates E and F.[20] 15 of the terminal's departure gates are equipped with jet-bridges, some of which are able to handle wide-body aircraft.[21]

Airlines and destinations

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The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Orly Airport:

AirlinesDestinations
Air Algérie Algiers, Annaba, Batna, Béjaïa, Biskra, Constantine, Oran, Setif, Tlemcen
Air Caraïbes Cancún, Cayenne, Fort-de-France, Pointe-à-Pitre, Port-au-Prince, Punta Cana, Santo Domingo–Las Américas
Seasonal: San Salvador (Bahamas)
Air Corsica Ajaccio, Bastia, Calvi, Figari
Air Europa Madrid,[23] Palma de Mallorca
Air France Ajaccio, Algiers, Bastia, Calvi, Figari, Fort-de-France,[24] Marseille,[25] Nice,[25] Pointe-à-Pitre, Saint-Denis de la Réunion,[26] Toulouse[25]
Seasonal: Ibiza
Amelia International[27] Brive
Azul Brazilian Airlines Campinas
Chalair Aviation Aurillac, Castres
Corsair International Abidjan, Antananarivo, Bamako, Cotonou, Dzaoudzi, Fort-de-France, Mauritius, Pointe-à-Pitre, Saint-Denis de la Réunion
Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau,[28] Punta Cana
easyJet Berlin, Bristol, Faro, Geneva, Manchester, Milan–Linate, Naples, Nice, Pisa, Reykjavík–Keflavík,[29] Rome–Fiumicino, Toulouse, Venice
Seasonal: Athens, Brindisi, Cagliari, Dubrovnik, Olbia, Palermo, Porto, Rhodes, Split
French Bee Miami,[30] Newark,[31] Papeete,[32] Saint-Denis de la Réunion,[30] San Francisco[32]
Seasonal: Los Angeles,[33] Montréal–Trudeau (begins 30 April 2025)[34]
Iberia Madrid[35]
ITA Airways Milan–Linate
KM Malta Airlines Malta[36][37]
La Compagnie Newark
Royal Air Maroc Agadir, Casablanca, Dakhla, Fès, Marrakesh, Oujda, Rabat, Tangier
Seasonal: Essaouira, Nador, Ouarzazate
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon, Porto
Transavia Agadir, Algiers, Amman–Queen Alia, Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Beirut, Béjaïa, Bergen,[38] Berlin, Biarritz, Brest, Budapest, Cairo, Casablanca, Constantine, Copenhagen, Dakhla,[39] Djerba, Dublin, Essaouira, Faro, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Istanbul, Jeddah (begins 13 December 2024),[40] Lanzarote, Lisbon, Ljubljana, Madrid, Málaga, Malta, Marrakesh, Monastir, Montpellier, Nador, Naples, Oran, Oslo, Oujda, Palermo, Palma de Mallorca, Pau, Perpignan, Porto, Prague, Rabat, Reykjavík–Keflavík, Rome–Fiumicino, Setif, Seville, Stockholm–Arlanda, Tallinn,[41] Tangier, Tel Aviv,[42] Tenerife–South, Tirana, Tlemcen, Toulon, Tozeur,[43] Tunis, Valencia, Vienna, Yerevan
Seasonal: Alicante, Almeria, Ancona, Ankara, Antalya, Bari, Belgrade (begins 10 April 2025),[44] Boa Vista, Bodrum, Cagliari, Catania, Chania, Chișinău (begins 7 July 2025),[45] Comiso,[46] Corfu, Dakar–Diass, Dubrovnik, Edinburgh, Errachidia,[39] Fès, Funchal, Heraklion, Hurghada, İzmir, Kalamata, Kefalonia, Kittilä, Kos, Lamezia Terme, Larnaca, Luleå, Luxor, Menorca, Milan–Malpensa,[47] Mykonos, Olbia, Ouarzazate, Podgorica, Ponta Delgada, Preveza, Pula, Rovaniemi, Santorini, São Vicente,[48] Sfax, Skiathos, Sofia (begins 10 April 2025),[45] Split, Thessaloniki, Tivat, Varna,[49] Zadar
TUI fly Belgium[50] Seasonal: Agadir, Casablanca, Marrakesh, Oujda, Rabat
Tunisair Djerba, Monastir, Sfax, Tunis
Twin Jet Le Puy
Volotea Ancona, Bilbao, Genoa, Lourdes, Rodez,[51] Turin, Verona
Seasonal: Olbia
Vueling[52][53] Agadir, Amman–Queen Alia,[54][better source needed] Asturias, Barcelona, Bari, Bilbao,[55] Bologna, Cairo, Copenhagen, Dublin, Florence, Fuerteventura, Granada, Ibiza, Lanzarote, Lisbon, London–Gatwick, London–Heathrow,[56] Málaga, Marrakesh, Menorca, Milan–Malpensa, Palma de Mallorca, Porto, Prague, Rome–Fiumicino, Tangier, Tenerife–South, Valencia
Seasonal: Alicante, Reus
Wizz Air Budapest, Rome–Fiumicino, Warsaw–Chopin

Statistics

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Annual passenger traffic at ORY airport. See Wikidata query.

Other facilities

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AOM French Airlines had its head office in Orly Airport Building 363 in Paray-Vieille-Poste.[57][58][59] After AOM and Air Liberté merged in 2001,[60] the new airline, Air Lib, occupied building 363.[61]

Ground transportation

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Terminal 4
 
Terminal 4
 
Interior of Terminal 4
 
Interior of Terminal 1

Train

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Orly Airport is directly served by one metro line, a tram line and a people mover, which offer connections to the larger Paris transportation network:

As part of the Grand Paris Express project, Aéroport d'Orly station on the metro opened on 24 June 2024. It is by a new extension of Line 14, linking the airport directly to Paris. From 2027, the station will also be served by Line 18, connecting the airport to Massy-Palaiseau and Paris-Saclay.

Car

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Orly Airport is connected to the A106 autoroute (spur of the A6 autoroute).

Buses and coaches

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Environmental improvements

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Paris Aéroport reported in 2023 that a tree-planting project in the vicinity of the airport, along the route of the route nationale 7, was being undertaken. The scheme involved planting 900 tree species and 14,000 forest seedlings. Paris Aéroport anticipates capturing 329 tonnes of carbon per year through the planting.[62]

Accidents and incidents

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  • On 10 February 1948, SNCASE Languedoc P/7 F-BATH of Air France was damaged beyond economical repair at Orly Airport.[63]
  • On 20 September 1952, a USAF Douglas C-47 Skytrain on final approach to ORY struck a telephone pole, rooftops and crashed and caught fire 1 km (0.6 mi) from ORY. Three of the four occupants on board died.[64]
  • On 27 November 1953, a USAF Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar crashed 4 km (2.5 mi) NE of ORY on approach, crashing in flames in the Cholsy-le-Roy neighborhood of Paris. The cause was the rear clam shell doors broke off striking the horizontal stabilizer, causing a catastrophic failure of the empennage. All six occupants were killed.[65]
  • On 24 November 1956, Alitalia Flight 451, a Douglas DC-6 crashed 0.6 km (0.4 mi) W of ORY moments after takeoff, some 10–15 seconds later altitude was lost and the DC-6 struck a house 600 m past the runway end. All 10 crew and 34 of the 35 passengers were killed. Cause unknown.[66]
  • On 21 January 1957, a SNCASE Armagnac crashed attempting to land at night with instrument landing system monitored by GCA. One crewmember and one passenger out of the 70 on board died.[67]
  • On 19 May 1960, an Air Algérie Sud Aviation Caravelle collided with a Stampe SV.4 biplane on final approach about 8 miles SE of Orly. Despite suffering substantial damage, the Caravelle landed safely at Orly with no fatalities but the Stampe biplane crashed, killing the pilot.[68]
  • On 3 June 1962, Air France Flight 007, a chartered Boeing 707 named the Chateau de Sully bound for Atlanta, US, crashed on take-off with 132 people on board; 130 of them were killed. The only survivors were two flight attendants seated in the rear of the plane. The charter flight was carrying home Atlanta's civic and cultural leaders of the day. At the time, this was the highest recorded death toll for an incident involving a single aircraft.
  • On 11 July 1973, Varig Flight 820, a Boeing 707, made a forced landing due to fire in a rear lavatory, incoming from Rio de Janeiro–Galeão. The aircraft landed 5 kilometers short of the runway, in a full-flap and gear down configuration. Due mainly to smoke inhalation, there were 123 deaths whilst 11 people survived (10 crew, one passenger).[69][70]
  • On 3 March 1974, Turkish Airlines Flight 981, in an event known as the "Ermenonville air disaster", crashed in Ermenonville forest after take-off from Orly on a flight to London's Heathrow Airport when an improperly closed cargo door burst open. The explosive decompression that resulted brought down the McDonnell Douglas DC-10. All 346 people on board were killed, making the accident one of the deadliest in aviation history.
  • On 20 October 2022, Amelia International Flight 8R1217, an Embraer ERJ 145, suffered damage after skidding off the runway 25 whilst landing during a storm by night. None of the 42 people onboard were injured.[71]
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References

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  1. ^ LFPO – PARIS ORLY. AIP from French Service d'information aéronautique, effective 31 October 2024.
  2. ^ a b "EAD Basic – Error Page". Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  3. ^ a b "DECEMBER 2023 AND FULL-YEAR TRAFFIC FIGURES". 16 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  4. ^ "Plan de Wissous Archived 2010-08-16 at the Wayback Machine." Wissous. Retrieved on 6 October 2009.
  5. ^ "Plans, cartes et vue aérienne." Athis-Mons. Retrieved on 6 October 2009.
  6. ^ "Plan interactif Archived 2007-06-17 at the Wayback Machine." Chilly-Mazarin. Retrieved on 6 October 2009.
  7. ^ "Plan Archived 2009-11-04 at the Wayback Machine." Morangis. Retrieved on 6 October 2009.
  8. ^ "Plan de la ville Archived 2009-06-29 at the Wayback Machine." Villeneuve-le-Roi. Retrieved on 6 October 2009.
  9. ^ "Plan d'Orly Archived 2008-11-18 at the Wayback Machine." Orly. Retrieved on 6 October 2009.
  10. ^ "The Luftwaffe, 1933–45". Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  11. ^ Johnson, David C. (1988), U.S. Army Air Forces Continental Airfields (ETO), D-Day to V-E Day; Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama.
  12. ^ McAuliffe, Jerome J. (2005). US Air Force in France 1950–1967. San Diego, California: Milspec Press, Chapter 14, Paris-USAF Operations. ISBN 978-0-9770371-1-7.
  13. ^ Julien Chadeyron (25 October 2012). "The new face of Orly airport in 2018!". Mister10.com. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  14. ^ Charlotte Turner (19 April 2016). "ADP reveals rebrand and opens Orly South Pier". Trbusiness.com. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  15. ^ "Failed Windows 3.1 system blamed for shutting down Paris airport". Ars Technica. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  16. ^ "Paris's Orly airport to shut as passenger numbers plunge amid coronavirus crisis". France 24. France Médias Monde. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  17. ^ O'Brien, Chris (25 June 2020). "Paris Orly Airport Reopens Friday After Being Closed For 3 Months". Forbes. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  18. ^ Albertina Torsoli & Anthony Palazzo (18 October 2023). "Air France Plans to Abandon Orly Airport". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  19. ^ Air France bids au revoir to Orly Airliner World January 2024 page 7
  20. ^ a b "Terminal maps". Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  21. ^ a b Google Maps
  22. ^ "Orly 1 2 3 4". www.parisaeroport.fr.
  23. ^ "Air Europa Moves 737 MAX Service Entry to March 2025".
  24. ^ "Air France NW22 Intercontinental Service Adjustment - 30JUL22". Aeroroutes.com. Aeroroutes. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  25. ^ a b c "Air France NW24 Europe Frequency Changes – 27OCT24". Aeroroutes.com. Aeroroutes. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  26. ^ "KLM Adds Air France Reunion Codeshare from Jan 2024".
  27. ^ "Amelia-Connecting Our Horizons". flyamelia. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  28. ^ "Corsair NS24 Montreal Aircraft Changes".
  29. ^ "News for Airlines, Airports and the Aviation Industry | CAPA".
  30. ^ a b Liu, Jim (25 July 2023). "French Bee NW23 Service Changes – 24JUL23". Aeroroutes.com. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  31. ^ Liu, Jim (6 August 2024). "French Bee Adds 480-seater A350-1000XWB New York Service in NS25". Aeroroutes.com. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  32. ^ a b Liu, Jim (21 June 2024). "French Bee 2024-25 Holidays Season Tahiti Service Increase". Aeroroutes.com. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  33. ^ "French Bee Suspends Paris – Los Angeles Service in NW24". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 4 September 2024.
  34. ^ Liu, Jim (17 October 2024). "French Bee Schedules Paris – Montreal 2Q25 Launch". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  35. ^ "IBERIA NW24 Madrid – Europe Frequency Changes – 26MAY24". Aeroroutes.
  36. ^ "New airline replacing Air Malta to fly on March 31, 2024". 2 October 2023.
  37. ^ Liu, Jim. "KM Malta Airlines NS24 Network Overview". Aeroroutes.com. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  38. ^ "Lanserer ny norsk rute - og flere avganger til Oslo". 10 October 2023.
  39. ^ a b "Transavia France NW23 North/West Africa Network Expansion – 23JUL23".
  40. ^ "TRANSAVIA FRANCE SCHEDULES JEDDAH DEC 2024 LAUNCH". 2024-06-26.
  41. ^ "New airline on the Estonian market: Transavia France to connect Tallinn to Paris". 10 October 2023.
  42. ^ Harper, Lewis (19 January 2024). "Ryanair and Transavia among growing list of airlines making Tel Aviv return". Flight Global. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  43. ^ "TRANSAVIA FRANCE ADDS TOZEUR SERVICE IN NW23". AeroRoutes. 30 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  44. ^ "Transavia to launch new Belgrade service".
  45. ^ a b "Transavia France NS25 Network Additions – 22OCT24". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  46. ^ "TRANSAVIA FRANCE NS24 NETWORK ADDITIONS – 19DEC23". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  47. ^ "TRANSAVIA FRANCE NS24 NETWORK ADDITIONS – 19DEC23". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  48. ^ "Transavia Programa Terceira Rota Para Cabo Verde A Partir De Novembro". 28 April 2023.
  49. ^ "TRANSAVIA FRANCE NS24 NETWORK ADDITIONS – 19DEC23". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  50. ^ "Flight plan". tui.be.
  51. ^ "Volotea NW24 Network Additions – 11AUG24".
  52. ^ "Flight timetables". vueling.com.
  53. ^ "Vueling to use former Air France slots to launch 32 Paris Orly routes". routesonline.com. 1 October 2021.
  54. ^ "Vueling Adds Paris – Amman Service from late-Oct 2023".
  55. ^ "Vueling NW24 Bilbao Network Additions". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  56. ^ "Vueling adds two routes from Heathrow".
  57. ^ "World Airline Directory 1999." Flight International. 2000. 363.
  58. ^ "Nos coordonnées agences en "France Métropolitaine "." AOM French Airlines. Retrieved on 15 May 2010. "SIEGE Bâtiment 363 B.P. 854 94 551 ORLY AEROGARE CEDEX"
  59. ^ "Résultat de votre recherche." Le Journal officiel électronique authentifié. Retrieved on 15 May 2010. "Siège social : compagnie Air Lib, bâtiment 363, zone centrale à l’aéroport d’Orly, 91550 Paray-Vieille-Poste."
  60. ^ "Découvrir Air Liberté." Air Liberté. 23 February 2002. Retrieved on 15 May 2010. "Le 22 Septembre 2001, AOM et AIR LIBERTE ont donné naissance à une nouvelle compagnie aérienne qui porte désormais le nom AIR LIB."
  61. ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. 12–18 March 2002. 57.
  62. ^ Paris Aéroport, Paris Vous Aime Magazine, No 13, avril-may-juin 2023, p. 167
  63. ^ "F-BATH Hull-loss description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  64. ^ Accident description for 42-23967 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 25 August 2021.
  65. ^ Accident description for 51-2621 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 25 August 2021.
  66. ^ Accident description for I-LEAD at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 25 August 2021.
  67. ^ Accident description for F-BAVG at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 25 August 2021.
  68. ^ Accident description for F-OBNI at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on October 18, 2023.
  69. ^ "Accident description PP-VJZ". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
  70. ^ Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "No céu de Paris". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 285–290. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  71. ^ "Incident grave survenu à l'Embraer EMB145 immatriculé F-HYOG exploité par Amelia International le 20/10/2022 à Paris-Orly (94)".

Sources

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  • McAuliffe, Jerome J.: U.S. Air Force in France 1950–1967 (2005), Chapter 14, "Paris-USAF Operations".
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  Media related to Paris-Orly Airport at Wikimedia Commons
  Paris Orly Airport travel guide from Wikivoyage

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