Jhr. Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff (7 August 1872 – 24 April 1957) was a governor-general of the Dutch East Indies and a Dutch minister for foreign affairs.
Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies | |
| In office 26 March 1926 – 11 September 1931 | |
| Monarch | Wilhelmina |
| Preceded by | Dirk Fock |
| Succeeded by | Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonge |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 26 May 1933 – 24 June 1937 | |
| Preceded by | Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck |
| Succeeded by | Hendrikus Colijn |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 7 August 1872 The Hague, Netherlands |
| Died | 24 April 1957 (aged 84) The Hague, Netherlands |
| Spouse |
Caroline van der Wijck
(m. 1877–1936) |
Family
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Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff was a descendant of the De Graeff-family from the Dutch Golden Age. He was a son of the general consul and Dutch minister in Japan Dirk de Graeff van Polsbroek, and Bonne Elisabeth Royer. De Graeff married jonkvrouw Caroline Angelique van der Wijck, daughter of jonkheer Carel Herman Aart van der Wijck, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. They had seven children; a grandson of his is Jan Jaap de Graeff.
Career
editDe Graeff was an unorthodox man of a Remonstrant background, who was mistakenly assumed to be a CHU sympathizer. Between 1890 and 1895 he studied law at Leiden University, where he met his friends for life, Johan Paul Count of Limburg Stirum and Jhr. Frans Beelaerts van Blokland, and then moved to the Dutch East Indies. De Graeff became secretary official and general secretary of the governor-general Alexander Willem Frederik Idenburg. In 1914 he became a member, and in the beginning of 1917 vice president of the Council of the Dutch East Indies.
After his East Indies stint, de Graeff became envoy in Tokyo (1919-1922) and in Washington (1922-1926), and was governor-general of the Dutch East Indies from 1926–1931. There, de Graeff tried in vain to conduct an ethical regime that catered to moderate nationalists.[1]
De Graeff was also the Dutch minister for foreign affairs for an unspecified period during 1936 and 1937.[2] During De Graeff's term as Foreign Minister, the Netherlands returned to pure neutrality. Throughout 1936, de Graeff served as a "sort of stooge"[3] to British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden in relation to the question of weakening the League of Nations.
De Graeff wanted to modify the League until it became "purely consultative", coax Germany back into it, and abolish forever all sanctions "except the one Sanction that an aggressor would be automatically expelled from the League."[3]
Honours
editAndries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff received various honours:
- Officer in the Order of Orange-Nassau, August 31, 1909
- Knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion, 30 August 1913
- Commander of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, 29 April 1930
- Bearer of the Grand Cross Order of Oranje-Nassau, 10 September 1931
- Grand Cross of the Order of the White Lion, 29 April 1937
Notes
edit- ^ De Graeff at Brain History
- ^ "Australian War Memorial – Australian-Duch defence cooperation 1940–1941".
- ^ a b "Answering Ethiopia". Time. Archived from the original on 15 December 2008.
References
edit- Voor u persoonlijk. "Brieven van minister van Buitenlandse Zaken jhr. A.C.D. de Graeff aan gezant J.P. graaf van Limburg Stirum (1933–1937)", Ned. Hist. Genootschap (1986)
- C. Fasseur, Graeff, jhr. Andries Cornelis Dirk de (1872–1957), in: Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland, deel II, 190
- B. de Graaff, Een welwillend man met een vrij gering werkelijkheidsbegrip, in: "De Nederlandse ministers van Buitenlandse Zaken in de twintigste eeuw" (1999)
- H.T. Colenbrander, Bij het aftreden van gouverneur-generaal De Graeff, in De Gids 95 (1931) III, 373–404;
- J.E. Stokvis, Een landvoogdij, in De Socialistische Gids 16 (1931) 824–831;
- Rn. Ms. Noto Soeroto, Een groote Nederlander. Bij het afscheid van jhr.mr. A.C.D. de Graeff van Indonesië, in Oedaya 8 (1931) 124–125;
- Herman Smit: Landvoogd tussen twee vuren. jonkheer mr. A.C.D. de Graeff, gouverneur-generaal van Nederlands-Indie 1926-1931. ISBN 978-90-8704-249-3, (2011)
External links
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Media related to Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff at Wikimedia Commons