Arie Jan Haagen-Smit (December 22, 1900 – March 17, 1977) was a Dutch chemist. He is best known for linking the smog in Southern California to automobiles and is therefore known by many as the "father" of air pollution control. After serving as an original board member of the Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Board, formed in 1960 to combat the smog, Dr. Haagen-Smit became the California Air Resources Board's first chairman in 1968. Shortly before his death in Pasadena, California, of lung cancer, the Air Resources Board's El Monte Laboratory was named after him.
Education
editHaagen-Smit was born December 22, 1900, in the Dutch city of Utrecht. His father worked as a chemist at the Dutch mint.[1] Haagen-Smit attended the Rijks Hogere Burgerschool in Utrecht. He graduated from the University of Utrecht in 1922 with a major in organic chemistry and a minor in mathematics. He earned his M.A. degree in 1926 and Ph.D. in 1929. His work was on terpenes, a hydrocarbon found in plants. His dissertation is titled "Investigations in the Field of Sesquiterpenes".
Academic career
editHe stayed at the University of Utrecht from 1929 to 1935 as chief assistant. He became an expert in plant derived chemicals, particularly Auxins, a hormone. He was invited to lecture at Harvard University in 1936 by Kenneth Thimann. He was appointed as associate professor by California Institute of Technology in 1937 by Thomas Hunt Morgan, and professor in 1940, becoming one of the "Dutch Mafia" at Caltech. (Another member of the "mafia" was Frits Warmolt Went.) Haagen-Smit studied the flavor of pineapples.[2] He published a paper jointly with two other scientists on traumatic acid, a wound healing hormone, in Science in 1939. He was the director of the Plant Environmental Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology from 1965 to 1971.
Air pollution fighter
editHe started his air pollution research in 1948, when Southern California residents suffered stinging eyes and respiratory irritation from smog.[3] His original interest stemmed from damage to crop plants smog was causing in the Los Angeles Basin, and he had received many requests from government agencies to investigate air pollution.[3][4] Using techniques originally developed in his work on the biosynthesis of essential oils, Haagen-Smit showed that smog primarily resulted from a photochemical reaction of the unburned hydrocarbons, ozone, and nitrogen oxides from automobile exhaust and industrial fuel combustion.[5][6] After a representative of the Stanford Research Institute (which was funded by the oil industry) went to Caltech and attempted to discredit Haagen-Smit's findings, Haagen-Smit increased his research efforts.[7]: 219–224 [2][8] By the mid 1950s, the connection between automobiles and smog in Los Angeles became widely accepted in scientific circles.[2] Haagen-Smit worked with Arnold Beckman, who developed various equipment for monitoring smog.[7]: 224–226
Haagen-Smit's research led the automobile industry to install positive crankcase ventilation, the first vehicle emissions control system, in 1961. In 1968 Haagen-Smit was appointed the first Chairman of the California Air Resources Board by Ronald Reagan, California's Governor at the time.[3][5]
Honors
edit- 1947 – Knight Order of Orange-Nassau of the Netherlands
- 1950 – Fritizche Award of American Chemical Society
- 1964 – Tolman Award of American Chemical Society –
- 1969 - Hodgkins Medal of the Smithsonian Institution
- 1973 – National Medal of Science Physical Sciences of the United States of America
- 1974 – Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement
- 1974 – Elliott Cresson Medal
- He was also the recipient of the Rhineland Award.
- He was a Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences and the Royal Academy of Sciences of the Netherlands.
- Trustee of the American Chemical Society.
- 1977 – On January 7 the existing California Air Resources Board Laboratory in El Monte, California, was dedicated to Dr. Haagen-Smit. It is called the "Haagen-Smit Laboratory."
Family
editIn 1930, he married Petronella Francina Pennings. They had a son, Jan Willem Adrianus, who was born only three months before Petronella died in 1933. On June 10, 1935, he married Maria "Zus" Wilhelmina Bloemers, a graduate student of botany in the University of Utrecht. They had three daughters: Maria van Pelt, Maria Daniel, and Joanne Demers.[9]
References
edit- ^ Bonner, James (1989). Arie Jan Haagen-Smit 1900-1977 A Biographical Memoir (PDF). National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ a b c Gardner, Sarah (2014-07-14). "LA Smog: the battle against air pollution". Marketplace.org. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
- ^ a b c Pitts NJ Jr., Stephens ER. "Arie Jan Haagen-Smit, 1900-1977" J Air Poll Control Assn 1978: 516-517.
- ^ Haagen-Smit, A. J., Rept. to the Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District, "The Analysis of Air Contaminants," 1949.
- ^ a b A. J. Haagen-Smit. World of Chemistry, Gale, 2006. Biography in Context. Accessed 7 Mar. 2017.
- ^ Haagen-Smit, A.J. 1952. Chemistry and physiology of Los Angeles smog. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 44:1342-1346.
- ^ a b Thackray, Arnold & Myers, Jr., Minor (2000). Arnold O. Beckman : one hundred years of excellence. Philadelphia, Pa.: Chemical Heritage Foundation. ISBN 978-0-941901-23-9.
- ^ Kean, Sam (2015). "The Flavor of Smog". Distillations. 2 (3): 5. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
- ^ Haagen-Smit, Zus (Maria); Cohen, Shirley K. (March 2000). Zus (Maria) Haagen-Smit (1910–2006 ) Interviewed by Shirley K. Cohen (PDF). Pasadena, California: Oral History Project, California Institute of Technology Archives. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
External links
edit- Haagen-Smit, Zus (Maria); Cohen, Shirley K. (March 2000). Zus (Maria) Haagen-Smit (1910–2006 ) Interviewed by Shirley K. Cohen (PDF). Pasadena, California: Oral History Project, California Institute of Technology Archives.
- Bonner, James (1989). Arie Jan Haagen-Smit 1900-1977 A Biographical Memoir (PDF). National Academy of Sciences.