Antanas Gustaitis (March 26, 1898 – October 16, 1941) was a Brigadier General in the Lithuanian Armed Forces who modernized the Lithuanian Air Force, which at that time was part of the Lithuanian Army.[1] He was the architect or aeronautical engineer who undertook the task to design and construct several military trainers and reconnaissance aircraft.[1]
Antanas Gustaitis | |
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 Gustaitis photographed with uniform of the Lithuanian Air Force and state awards | |
| Born | 27 March 1898 Obelinė, Javaravas Volost, Marijampolė County, Russian Empire |
| Died | October 16, 1941 (aged 43) Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Buried | Unknown |
| Allegiance |
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| Years of service | 1919–1940 |
| Rank |
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| Awards |
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| Alma mater | Petrograd Institute of Transportation Engineering (1916) Konstantinovsky Artillery School (1917), Lithuanian School of Military Aviation (1919) Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (1928) |
Early life
editGustaitis was born in the village of Obelinė, in Javaravas county, in the Marijampolė district.[1] He attended high school in Yaroslavl, and from there studied at the Institute of Engineering and School of Artillery in Petrograd.[1]
Lithuanian Wars of Independence and the Interwar
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After joining the Lithuanian Army in 1919, he graduated from the School of Military Aviation as a Junior Lieutenant in 1920.[1] Later that year, he saw action in the Polish-Lithuanian War.[1] By 1922 he began to train pilots, and later became the head of the training squadron.[1] He also oversaw the construction of aircraft for Lithuania in Italy and Czechoslovakia.[1] Gustaitis was one of the founding members of the Aero Club of Lithuania, and later its Vice-President. He did much to promote aviation among the young people in Lithuania, especially concerning the sport of gliding. He also won the Lithuanian Chess Championship in 1922.
Between 1925 and 1928, Gustaitis studied aeronautical engineering in Paris.[1] After his graduation he returned to Lithuania, and was promoted to deputy Commander-in-Chief of Military Aviation and made chief of the Aviation Workshop (Karo Aviacijos Tiekimo Skyrius) in Kaunas.[1] During this time, he reorganized the workshop and expanded its capability to repair aircraft as well. The aircraft he designed were named ANBO, an acronym for " Antanas Bronė", his and his wife's first names. A common misconception is "Antanas Nori Būti Ore" which means Antanas wants to be in the air in Lithuanian.
In 1934, he became Commander-in-Chief of the air branch, and in 1937, attained the rank of Brigadier General.[1] He reorganized Lithuanian military aviation, forming fighter, bomber, and reconnaissance groups, and developed a system of training for pilots and their crews, and ground crews as well.
World War II and Soviet occupation
editAfter Lithuania's occupation by the Soviet Union and the dissolution of the Lithuanian Army, he was a lecturer at Vytautas Magnus University, but fearing arrest he attempted to flee to Germany in 1941. He was caught attempting to cross the border on 4 March, arrested, and taken to Moscow, where he was shot on 16 October of that year.[1]
Legacy
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Following the restoration of Lithuanian independence he was commemorated by Vilnius Gediminas Technical University when the Antanas Gustaitis Aviation Institute was named after him.[2][3][1]
Aircraft
edit| Model name | First flight | Number built | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| ANBO I | 1925 | 1 | Military trainer aircraft |
| ANBO II | 1927 | 1 | Military trainer aircraft |
| ANBO III | 1929 | 9 | Military trainer/utility aircraft |
| ANBO IV & 41 | 1932 | 34 | Military reconnaissance/light attack aircraft |
| ANBO V & 51 | 1931 | 15 | Military trainer aircraft |
| ANBO VI | 1933 | 4 | Military trainer aircraft |
| ANBO VII | |||
| ANBO VIII | 1939 | 1 | Light bomber |
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Tamašauskas, Kazimieras. "Antanas Gustaitis". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ "Antanas Gustaitis' Aviation Institute". vilniustech.lt. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
- ^ "Du Antano Gustaičio aviacijos instituto dešimtmečiai" (PDF). Sapere Aude (in Lithuanian). 5 (special). Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. 2013. ISSN 2029-4999. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
- Gunston, Bill (1993). World Encyclopedia of Aircraft Manufacturers. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. p. 25.
- Lithuanian Aviation Museum