Wikipedia

Toyota Auto Body

(Redirected from ARACO)

Toyota Auto Body (Japanese: トヨタ車体) is a manufacturing subsidiary of the Toyota group based in Japan. It is headquartered in Kariya, Aichi and was established in 1945. The company has plants in the Mie and Aichi prefectures and other facilities around Japan and abroad.

Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd.
Toyota Auto Body
Native name
トヨタ車体株式会社
Toyota Shatai Kabushiki-gaisha
FormerlyToyota Auto Body Industries Co., Ltd.
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryAutomotive
PredecessorToyota's Kariya Plant auto body division
Founded31 August 1945; 79 years ago (1945-08-31)
Headquarters
Kariya, Aichi
,
Japan
Key people
Katsuhiro Matsuo (President)
ProductsCars, auto parts
Production output
About 619,000 vehicles (2019)
RevenueIncrease ¥1,991.69 billion (FY2022)
Increase ¥72.72 billion (FY2022)
Increase ¥55.11 billion (FY2022)
Total assetsDecrease ¥551.92 billion (FY2022)
Total equityDecrease ¥195.70 billion (FY2022)
Number of employees
19,206 (March 2021, consolidated)
ParentToyota Motor Corporation
Subsidiaries
  • Gifu Auto Body Co., Ltd.
  • Toyota Auto Body Research and Development Co., Ltd.
  • Tokai Utility Motor Co., Ltd.
Websitewww.toyota-body.co.jp
Footnotes / references
Fiscal Year 2022 (FY2022) in this article is from 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2023.
References:[1][2][3][4]

The company was formed through a corporate spin-off from Toyota. In its early years, it produced auto bodies. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, it centred on truck production, before slowly switching focus to light vehicles (mostly vans) from the late 1960s onwards. In the 2000s, it absorbed the vehicle manufacturing operations of sister companies Araco and Gifu Auto Body.

As part of Toyota, Toyota Auto Body develops and produces a range of minivans, SUVs, light commercial vehicles and auto parts.

History

edit
 
Headquarters in Kariya, Japan

Toyota Auto Body was established on 31 August 1945 as a corporate spin-off of Toyota Motor Industry's Kariya plant[5][6] with the name Toyota Auto Body Industries (トヨタ車体工業, Toyota Shatai Kōgyō).[6][7] At first, it produced auto bodies for Toyota. In 1951, the company became the first Japanese manufacturer in producing a truck body made completely of steel.[5] In 1953, the company adopted its present name.[7][8] In January 1957, it opened an assembly facility in Kariya for mass-producing trucks.[9] In November 1959, it created a vehicle conversion subsidiary, Kariya Painting (later renamed Tokai Utility Motor).[10][11]

In the early 1960s, Toyota gave clear functions to some of its then itaku (subcontracting) companies: Toyota Auto Body was centred on producing trucks; Kanto Auto Works passenger vans and pickups; Arakawa Auto Body Land Cruisers and special vehicles.[12] In 1960, Toyota Auto Body produced 74,000 trucks (including large trucks, the Stout, the ToyoAce), an 87% of Toyota's overall truck production and a 48% of its total vehicle production. In 1964, truck production from Toyota Auto Body (large trucks, the Stout, the ToyoAce, the Dyna) rose to 116,000 trucks, comprising 90% of Toyota's truck production and 27% of all vehicles.[12]

In January 1964, Toyota Auto Body opened a second assembly facility in Kariya, the Fujimatsu plant,[13] which produced the first Japanese hard-top car during the 1960s,[5][14] the Corona Hard-top.[5] The company also became the first itaku in assembling mass-produced passenger cars. The production percentage of passenger cars and other light vehicles would increase for the company during the following years.[15] In the late 1960s, Toyota Auto Body led the development of a small van with a one-box design, similar to European ones at the time, but, according to former Toyota senior employee Akira Kawahara, something yet unseen in the Japanese industry.[16] In 1967, Toyota Auto Body began producing the van, named as HiAce. It became the most produced model from the company with more than 6 million units as of April 2017.[17] Toyota Auto Body would continue developing and producing one-box design vans.[18] In 1970, Toyota Auto Body production was 149,000 passenger cars and 142,000 commercial vehicles (trucks and buses),[15] although the actual percentage declined to 17.6% of Toyota's total vehicle production.[19]

In the 1970s, Toyota Auto Body was one of the first companies in using quality function deployment (QFD), paralleling the initial developments from Yoji Akao at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The rest of the Toyota group adopted the method in 1979. The improvements of Toyota Auto Body on QFD influenced Ford into adopting it.[20]

In 1992, the company established Toyota Body Seiko, an auto parts subsidiary, and began investments to increase the production of one-box vehicles, as the rest of its passenger car business was in decline.[21] In December 1993, Toyota Auto Body opened the van-focused Inabe plant.[22] By the mid-1990s, Toyota Auto Body ventured into the production of high-end one-box passenger vans derived from the HiAce. In 1995, it started producing the Granvia, a HiAce-based semi-bonneted van made to comply with European safety regulations. From the Granvia the company developed the Alphard which was launched in 2002.[23] In 2008, it introduced an Alphard twin vehicle, the Vellfire.[24]

In May 2001, Toyota announced it would consolidate all production of one-box Toyota-badged cars intended for the Japanese market into Toyota Auto Body by moving the assembly of the LiteAce/TownAce Noah and its successor (Noah) from Daihatsu.[25] In 2004, Toyota Auto Body incorporated the auto body and vehicle production businesses from Araco.[7] In 2005, the Kariya plant was repurposed for converting vehicles instead of producing trucks.[26] In the fiscal year ended March 2007, Toyota Auto Body achieved its largest production volume, with about 745,000 vehicles produced during the period.[27] In 2007, Gifu Auto Body became a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Auto Body.[5][28]

In November 2018, Toyota announced it would transfer all van development to Toyota Auto Body.[29] In 2019, Toyota Auto Body announced it would produce the first Lexus-badged passenger van[23] at its Inabe plant,[30] the Lexus LM, a badge engineered Alphard, the second Lexus product coming from the company after the Land Cruiser-based Lexus LX[23] (the latter a legacy product from Araco).[31]

In December 2022, Toyota Auto Body signed an agreement by which it planned to sell shares of Toyota Body Seiko to Toyota Boshoku, a minority shareholder, by October 2023, increasing the latter's ownership to a 66.4% controlling stake.[32] After the transaction was completed, Toyota Body Seiko became a subsidiary of Toyota Boshoku instead of Toyota Auto Body and changed its name to Toyota Boshoku Seiko.[33] Toyota Boshoku may turn Toyota Boshoku Seiko into a wholly owned subsidiary at a later date.[32]

In the early 2020s, the company opened specialty stores for customising and selling accessories of its produced vehicles. In January 2023, it pre-opened a Land Cruiser customisation and services store in Kariya, operated by Tokai Utility Motor, and called Land Cruiser Base (ランクルBase)[note 1] to be fully operational by mid-2023.[34] In June 2023, it opened another for its commercial vehicle range in Fukagawa, Tokyo (within the Toyota Mobility Tokyo store), which is called Cargo Base.[35]

In April 2024, Toyota Auto Body fully resumed production after several of its assembly lines were halted for over a month as a result of an investigastion into Toyota Industries-supplied diesel engines.[36]

Toyota Auto Body was a public company until late 2011, when Toyota made it a wholly owned subsidiary and delisted its shares.[37][38]

Facilities

edit

Vehicle assembly and management

edit
 
Fujimatsu plant

Toyota Auto Body assembly plants are Fujimatsu (Ichiriyama, Kariya, Aichi),[39] Inabe (Inabe, Mie),[40] Yoshiwara (Yoshiwara, Toyota, Aichi),[41] Kariya (Showa, Kariya, Aichi).[39] There is a development centre in Toyota, Aichi (Kotobuki New Development Centre). The head offices are in Kariya, Aichi. Additional offices are located in Tokyo and Osaka.[42]

The Fujimatsu plant covers a 436,700 square metres (m2) area [39] and was established in January 1964.[13] The present Kariya plant, covering 99,100 m2,[39] was established in 1957.[9] Both plant produce vehicles, but Fujimatsu is mostly focused on minivans and Kariya on electric vehicles. As of March 2017, the plants had a combined workforce of 3,139 (281 of them working at the Kariya plant).[39] The Inabe plant is the main minivan production hub of Toyota Auto Body. It covers 800,500 m2[40] and was established in December 1993.[22] As of March 2017, it had 2,266 employees.[40] The Yoshiwara plant produces body-on-frame vehicles. It covers 196,200 m2 and was established in 1962. As of March 2017, it had 2,337 employees.[41] By the 1999 fiscal year, all Toyota Auto Body plants got the ISO 14001 certification. The company's plants use the Toyota Production System.[43]

Toyota Auto Body's Gifu Auto Body headquarters and facilities are in Unuma Mitsuike, Kakamigahara, Gifu. Its facilities cover 163,000 m2. As of March 2019, the company had 2,565 employees.[44]

Other facilities

edit

Toyota Auto Body Research and Development (トヨタ車体研究所, Toyota Shatai Kenkyūjo) is Toyota Auto Body wholly owned research and development subsidiary. It is headquartered in Kirishima, Kagoshima and was established in 1990.[7] Toyota Auto Body made design and development work for Toyota from the early 1960s, and, together with Toyota and sister itaku companies, formed part of ATODE (All TOyota DEsign), a group formed in December 1960 aimed at securing a consistent styling for Toyota-badged vehicles. The Toyota Auto Body's design branch became an autonomous part of the company in 1978.[45] The present Toyota Auto Body Research and Development subsidiary has a 5,719 m2 building and 403 employees.[46]

Tokai Utility Motor has facilities in Anjō, Kariya, and Inabe.[47]

Overseas subsidiaries

edit

Toyota Auto Body has subsidiaries in Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, China and the United States.[48]

Most Toyota Auto Body's affiliates outside Japan are joint ventures. The Taoyuan-based[49] Taiwanese affiliate is called Chun Shyang Shin Yeh (Industry) (Chinese: 春翔欣業; pinyin: Chūn Xiáng Xīn Yè)[50] and was established in 1997. It is a joint venture between Toyota Auto Body and Chun Yuan Steel, a Taiwanese steel manufacturer. The joint venture produces pressed parts, vehicle doors and suspension components for Toyota cars.[51] Toyota Auto Body owns a 51% stake.[50] In Thailand, Toyota Auto Body's first Thai operations began in February 1978, producing stamped parts for Hilux pickups.[52] Toyota Auto Body Thailand officially started activities in 1979,[53] as a stamped auto parts producer.[54] In 1988, it formed a joint venture with Toyota Motor Thailand[55] called Toyota (formerly Thai)[56] Auto Works. The venture is focused on producing the HiAce. Toyota Auto Body owns a 63% stake.[55] Both Thai ventures have plants in Samutprakan: the Samrong plant (Toyota Auto Body Thailand) and the Teparak plant (Toyota Auto Works).[57] In 2004, Toyota Auto Body established a joint venture called Thai Auto Conversion aimed at producing specially equipped vehicles.[48]

Toyota Auto Body also has various joint ventures in Indonesia. In 1995,[58] it established, along with other Toyota subsidiaries, Sugity Creatives, an Indonesian joint venture[59] headquartered in Cikarang Bekasi[60] and aimed at producing resin components for cars.[59] From late 2012 to 2016 it produced vehicles,[61] including the Noah[58] (rebadged as NAV1).[61] Toyota Auto Body owns an 88.52% of the venture.[59] Toyota Auto Body also has stakes in the joint ventures Toyota Auto Body-Tokai Extrusion and Resin Plating Technology, both producing auto parts.[48] As for China, Toyota Auto Body has a 65%-owned Chinese joint venture, Tab Minth Mobility Equipment, to "sell assistive components".[48]

The rest of the Toyota Auto Body's overseas affiliates are wholly owned subsidiaries. These are the Malaysian auto parts producer Toyota Auto Body Malaysia (established in 2005)[62] and the American Auto Parts Manufacturing Mississippi (established in 2011).[48]

Products

edit
 
A COMS

As of 2022 vehicles assembled by Toyota Auto Body include: the Alphard, the Vellfire, the Voxy, the Noah, the Land Cruiser, the HiAce, the RegiusAce, the GranAce, the Coaster, the electric vehicle COMS, the Lexus LX and LM.[63][64][65]

Toyota Auto Body production by plant as of early 2022
Plant Products
Fujimatsu (Honsha) plant Voxy, Noah, Alphard, Land Cruiser 70
Kariya plant COMS, vehicle conversion
Inabe plant HiAce, GranAce, RegiusAce, Alphard, Vellfire, Lexus LM
Yoshiwara plant Land Cruiser 300, Land Cruiser 70, Lexus LX (J310)
Kakamigahara (Honsha) plant HiAce, Coaster, vehicle conversion
Notes
Plants with blue background are directly controlled by Toyota Auto Body, plants with light blue background are directly controlled by Toyota Auto Body and formerly belonged to Araco, plants with light red background are indirectly controlled by Toyota Auto Body through its subsidiary Gifu Auto Body
Sources
[26][40][30][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]

Absorbed operations

edit

Araco

edit

Araco Corporation (アラコ株式会社, Arako Kabushiki-gaisha) was one of the first manufacturing subsidiaries of Toyota. It was established in 1946[7] (incorporated July 1947)[74] at Nagoya[75] by a former Toyota Industries sheet metal worker named Gihee Arakawa as Arakawa Sheet Metal Industries (荒川鈑金工業, Arakawa Bankin Kōgyō).[7] The company firstly made sheet metal work for Toyota, soon adding vehicle interior parts (including seats) and auto bodies.[76] In 1953, it started assembling the Toyota BJ,[77][78] and later the successive Land Cruisers.[76][79] The Arakawa-assembled Land Cruiser was the main export product from Toyota in the late 1950s and early 1960s (28% of all vehicle exports in the period 1956–1964).[74] In 1960, it entered into production the RK160B (Coaster).[77] The company opened two new plants around Toyota City during the 1960s: Kotobuki (1960) and Yoshiwara (1962).[13] It was renamed as Arakawa Auto Body Industries (荒川車体工業, Arakawa Shatai Kōgyō) in 1961, before adopting the Araco name in 1988.[7] In 1995, the company began assembling Lexus vehicles.[31][77] In 2004, Araco activities were split and the auto body and vehicle production operations became part of Toyota Auto Body. The vehicle interior business was merged into Toyota Boshoku.[7][9]

A different Toyota subsidiary established in 1974 as Kyoei Sangyo (協栄産業, Kyōei Sangyō) was renamed as Kyoei Araco in 2004 and as Araco in 2015. This Araco specialises on seats for Lexus vehicles.[80]

Gifu Auto Body

edit
 
Gifu Auto Body facilities, pictured in 2017

Gifu Auto Body Co. Ltd. (岐阜車体工業株式会社, Gifu Shatai Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha)[81] is a Gifu-based vehicle manufacturer.[28] It was established in 1940 as a truck body manufacturer. In 1959, after receiving a big order of military vehicles from Toyota, it associated itself with the latter,[82] producing bodies for light trucks[82][83] such as the Dyna and the Stout.[84] In the 1960s, Gifu Auto Body hand-built the Land Cruiser FJ45V, a long wheelbase variant of the third-generation Land Cruiser.[85] Up until 1967, the company's production was focused on the Land Cruiser model and light trucks. That year, Toyota consolidated all Land Cruiser assembly in Japan into Arakawa Auto Body Industries. From 1967 onwards, the main focus of Gifu Auto Body became the production of light trucks and the HiAce until Toyota transferred truck production to Hino Motors in 1998.[86] In January 1996, Toyota launched a civilian version of the BXD10 military vehicle called BXD20 (Mega Cruiser), and it was assembled by Gifu Auto Body. Production ended in August 2001.[87][88]

By 2007, Gifu Auto Body was producing the HiAce and auto parts (pressed parts and truck seats).[28] That year, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Auto Body[5][28] through stock swap.[28] In July 2015, Gifu Auto Body transferred its auto parts business to Toyota Body Seiko in order to focus on commercial vehicle assembly.[89] In December 2016, Toyota Auto Body moved production of the Coaster from its Yoshiwara plant to Gifu Auto Body.[71]

 
2018 TLC Rally Dakar contender

Sports

edit

An Araco team entered Land Cruisers into the Rally Dakar from 1995 onwards. In 2005, the team was renamed as Team Land Cruiser · Toyota Auto Body (TLC).[90] As of 2024, it has achieved eleven consecutive victories in the diesel production car class.[91] The company entered a HiAce into the 2023 Toyota Gazoo Racing Rally Challenge. The HiAce rally version was built on a GDH201V chassis modified by Cast (a HiAce tuning division of the Sanko Works company) and it was run by Toyota Auto Body's own team, Toyota Auto Body Team Hiace. Cast had already entered a couple of HiAces into the 2021 All-Japan Rally Championship.[92]

Toyota Auto Body has two company teams participating in Japanese national sports championships: the volleyball team Toyota Auto Body Queenseis and the handball team Toyota Auto Body Brave Kings.[93]

As of 2024, Gifu Auto Body is sponsor of FC Gifu.[94]

Notes

edit
  1. ^ ランクル (Rankuru) is a common abbreviation for Land Cruiser (ランドクルーザー, Rando Kurūzā) used in Japan, especially referring to older models.

References

edit

Citations

edit
  1. ^ "トヨタ車体株式会社 第108期決算公告" [Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. Announcement of financial results for the 108th fiscal year] (in Japanese). Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 19 July 2023 – via Company Activities Total Research Institute.
  2. ^ "Japanese Production Sites". Toyota Global Newsroom. Toyota. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  3. ^ "会社概要" [Company profile] (in Japanese). Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  4. ^ "新社長に松尾氏　トヨタ車体" [Matsuo appointed as new president at Toyota Auto Body]. The Mid-Japan Economist (in Japanese). 1 February 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e f "トヨタ車体、創立65周年" [Toyota Auto Body, 65th anniversary of foundation] (in Japanese). Response.jp. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  6. ^ a b Jacobs 2015, p. 104.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Tanaka 2015, p. 66.
  8. ^ Jacobs 2015, p. 115.
  9. ^ a b c Jacobs 2015, p. 116.
  10. ^ "株式会社東海特装車" [Tokai Utility Motor Co., Ltd.] (in Japanese). National Corporate List September 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  11. ^ "「ヴォクシー」ベースのキャンピングカー発売 東海特装車" [Voxy-based camper released by Tokai Utility Motor]. The Mid-Japan Economist (in Japanese). 31 January 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  12. ^ a b Shioji 1995, p. 25.
  13. ^ a b c Jacobs 2015, p. 108.
  14. ^ Shiomi 1995, p. 47.
  15. ^ a b Shioji 1995, p. 28.
  16. ^ Kawahara 2012, pp. 48–49.
  17. ^ "トヨタ車体が生産３０００万台達成" [Toyota Auto Body achieved production of 30 million units] (in Japanese). Sankei. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  18. ^ Kawahara 2012, p. 50.
  19. ^ Shioji 1995, p. 20.
  20. ^ ReVelle, Moran & Cox 1998, pp. 3–5.
  21. ^ "トヨタ車体、ワンボックス車増産（注目企業診断）" [Toyota Auto Body to increase production of one-box vehicles (notable company diagnosis)]. Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun (in Japanese). 5 August 1992. Retrieved 5 January 2023 – via Nikkei Compass.
  22. ^ a b "トヨタ車体のいなべ工場が累計生産100万台を達成" [Toyota Auto Body's Inabe Plant reaches a total vehicle production of one million] (in Japanese). Response.jp. 17 June 2003. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  23. ^ a b c "レクサス初のミニバン｢LM｣は､どんな車なのか" [What kind of car is LM, Lexus' first passenger van]. Livedoor (in Japanese). Line. 10 May 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  24. ^ Sato, Takeshi (9 March 2018). Hotta, Takeshi (ed.). "トヨタ・ヴェルファイアZG（FF/8AT）21世紀のお駕篭" [Toyota Vellfire ZG (FF / 8AT). 21st century litter]. Car Graphic (in Japanese). webCG. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  25. ^ "ダイハツがトヨタのワゴン車を生産中止" [Daihatsu discontinues production of Toyota estate cars] (in Japanese). Response.jp. 9 May 2001. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  26. ^ a b "Affiliates (Toyota wholly-owned subsidiaries)-Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd". Toyota. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  27. ^ "トヨタ車体06年度決算…生産台数、売上高が過去最高" [Toyota Auto Body's FY2006. Production volume and sales are at record high] (in Japanese). Response.jp. 24 April 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  28. ^ a b c d e "トヨタ車体、岐阜車体を完全子会社化" [Gifu Auto Body becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Auto Body] (in Japanese). Response.jp. 24 May 2007. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  29. ^ "Toyota Motor Corporation and Toyota Auto Body Co., Ltd. Agree to Transfer Van Business to Toyota Auto Body" (Press release). Toyota. 28 November 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  30. ^ a b Fung, Derek (7 April 2019). "Lexus teases people mover". Car Advice. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
  31. ^ a b Dawson 2011.
  32. ^ a b "トヨタ車体子会社取得へ トヨタ紡織 シート事業競争力強化" [Toyota Boshoku's acquisition of Toyota Auto Body subsidiary set to strengthen the competitiveness of its seating business]. The Mid-Japan Economist (in Japanese). 28 December 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
  33. ^ "トヨタ紡織精工を発足　トヨタ車体精工子会社化で" [Toyota Body Seiko became a subsidiary of Toyota Boshoku with the name Toyota Boshoku Seiko]. The Mid-Japan Economist (in Japanese). 4 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  34. ^ Koketsu, Toshiya (28 December 2022). "トヨタ車体「ランクルBASE」開設へ…ランドクルーザーの情報発信基地" [Toyota Auto Body's Land Cruiser Base to be opened. A Land Cruiser information dissemination base] (in Japanese). Response.jp. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  35. ^ "トヨタ車体、商用車架装専門店「CARGO BASE」を東京・深川に開設　6/24オープン　「ハイエース」のコンプリートカーや用品を展示" [Toyota Auto Body to open Cargo Base, a specialty store for commercial vehicles, in Fukagawa, Tokyo on June 24. It is exhibiting a complete HiAce vehicle and accessories]. Nikkan Jidosha Shimbun (in Japanese). 20 June 2023. Retrieved 19 July 2023 – via Yahoo! News Japan.
  36. ^ "トヨタ 不正で停止の2工場 生産ライン再稼働 全工場で生産再開" [Toyota restarts assembly lines at two plants shut down due to fraud; production resumed in all of them]. NHK (in Japanese). 4 March 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  37. ^ "Toyota overhauls domestic units to save Japan manufacturing". Live Mint. HT Media. 13 July 2011. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  38. ^ "Toyota Auto Body to be subsidiary". Japan Times. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  39. ^ a b c d e "富士松工場・刈谷工場" [Fujimatsu plant/Kariya plant] (in Japanese). Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  40. ^ a b c d "いなべ工場" [Inabe plant] (in Japanese). Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  41. ^ a b "吉原工場" [Yoshiwara plant] (in Japanese). Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  42. ^ "Profile". Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  43. ^ "Company profile" (PDF). Toyota Auto Body. pp. 12, 21. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  44. ^ "Company outline". Gifu Auto Body. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  45. ^ Kikuchi 2019, pp. 82–88.
  46. ^ "Company profile" (in Japanese). Toyota Auto Body Research and Development. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  47. ^ "Company profile" (in Japanese). Tokai Utility Motor. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
  48. ^ a b c d e "Overseas operations". Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  49. ^ "Chun Shyang Shin Yeh Industry Co Ltd". Bloomberg. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  50. ^ a b "股本組成" [Capital composition] (in Chinese). Chun Shyang Shin Yeh. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  51. ^ "春翔欣業＜トヨタ車体＞、高技術力で台湾自動車部品業界をリードする" [Toyota Auto Body's Chun Shyang Shin Yeh leads the Taiwan auto parts industry with high technology]. NNA Business News (in Japanese). 26 August 2003. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  52. ^ Kawabe 2013, p. 423.
  53. ^ McNamara 2009, p. 119.
  54. ^ Radhika & Mukund 2010, p. 353.
  55. ^ a b "About us". Toyota Auto Works. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  56. ^ Maikaew, Piyachart (22 January 2013). "New Toyota plant to open this year". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
  57. ^ Kukuchi & Gokan 2011, p. 25.
  58. ^ a b Dent 2016, p. 63.
  59. ^ a b c "Toyota Produksi Mobil Komersial Model Baru Desember nanti". BeritaSatu (in Indonesian). 11 November 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  60. ^ "Sugity Creatives PT". Bloomberg. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  61. ^ a b "Toyota Hentikan Perakitan Lokal NAV1". Tribun (in Indonesian). 19 December 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  62. ^ "TABM established in Malaysia". Toyota. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  63. ^ "Products line-up". Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  64. ^ a b "トヨタ「エスクァイア」生産終了！ 2021年12月上旬に7年の歴史に幕" [Toyota Esquire production discontinued! A seven-year history ends in early December 2021]. Yahoo! News Japan (in Japanese). 19 September 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  65. ^ a b "レクサスLX600のリアデザインがリークされる？デビューは2021年冬とのうわさ" [Lexus LX600 rear design leaked? Some rumours say that it will debut in the winter of 2021]. Moby (in Japanese). 2 August 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  66. ^ "Toyota to Launch New Model "Granace" in Japan" (Press release). Toyota. 25 November 2019. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019 – via ACN Newswire - Yahoo! News.
  67. ^ "いなべ工場" [Inabe plant] (in Japanese). Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  68. ^ "ミニバン、トヨタ車体に移管 意思決定迅速化 委託から変更" [Transfer to Toyota Body of the minivan development from consignment for speeding up decision making]. sankeibiz.jp (in Japanese). Sankei. 29 November 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  69. ^ "「ハイエース」50周年で式典 トヨタ車体" [HiAce's 50th anniversary ceremony held at Toyota Auto Body]. nikkei.com (in Japanese). Nikkei. 18 December 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
  70. ^ "トヨタ、エスティマ10月に生産終了 車種絞り込みで" [Toyota's Estima to end production in October for streamlining vehicle models]. nikkei.com (in Japanese). Nikkei. 30 August 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  71. ^ a b "【トヨタ コースター 新型】増井専務「快適性や安全性を大幅に向上した」" [All-new Toyota Coaster - President Masui: 'It greatly improved comfort and safety'] (in Japanese). Response.jp. 22 December 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  72. ^ "トヨタ、国内14工場27ライン58車種で生産調整…アクア新型とランドクルーザー300も" [Toyota adjusts production of 27 lines and 58 models from 14 Japanese factories. All-new Aqua and Land Cruiser 300] (in Japanese). Response.jp. 20 August 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  73. ^ "1月の国内工場の稼働について（1/21時点）" [Operation of domestic plants in January (as of 1/21)] (Press release) (in Japanese). Toyota. 21 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  74. ^ a b Shioji 1995, p. 26.
  75. ^ Dillon & Shingo 1985, p. 215.
  76. ^ a b Tabb 1995, p. 122.
  77. ^ a b c "Brief story". Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  78. ^ Stronach, Fraser; Meddows, Benjamin (5 July 2007). "Classic 4X4: Toyota BJ/FJ Land Cruiser". Which Car. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  79. ^ Wohlfarth & Namba 2016, p. 132.
  80. ^ "Outline of the company" (in Japanese). Araco. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  81. ^ "Outline" (in Japanese). Gifu Auto Body. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  82. ^ a b Nakayama 2016, p. 67.
  83. ^ Shiomi 1995, p. 35.
  84. ^ Nishiguchi 1994, p. 105.
  85. ^ Comer, Colin (23 December 2015). "How I Sold a Toyota Land Cruiser for Nearly $200,000 and Lost Money". Road & Track. Hearst Autos. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  86. ^ Kikuchi 2019, p. 91.
  87. ^ Glon, Ronan (31 January 2020). "The Japanese Hummer you've never heard of". Autocar. Haymarket Automotive. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  88. ^ "Mega Cruiser". Toyota. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  89. ^ Kikuchi, Harushige; Kano, Yuki (2 July 2015). "トヨタ車体 子会社の事業見直し 生産移管で効率化へ" [Business review of Toyota Auto Body subsidiary. Transfer for efficient production]. The Mid-Japan Economist (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  90. ^ "トヨタ・ランドクルーザーが無敵の５連覇達成" [Toyota Land Cruiser achieved unbeatable five]. Web Car Top (in Japanese). Kotsu Times. 19 January 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  91. ^ "トヨタ車体が11連覇、ダカールラリー2024の市販車部門で優勝" [Toyota Auto Body wins its eleventh consecutive victory at the 2024 Dakar Rally's production car class]. Nikkan Jidosha Shimbun (in Japanese). 17 January 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  92. ^ Aoyama, Yoshiaki (17 July 2023). "トヨタ「ハイエース」でラリーに参戦出来るのか!? トヨタ車体が本気でチャレンジする理由とは?" [Is it possible to participate in rally with a Toyota HiAce!? Why is Toyota Auto Body seriously challenging it?]. Auto Messe Web (in Japanese). Retrieved 19 July 2023 – via Yahoo! News Japan.
  93. ^ "企業スポーツ活動" [Corporate sports activities] (in Japanese). Toyota Auto Body. Retrieved 22 December 2018.
  94. ^ "Partners" (in Japanese). FC Gifu. Retrieved 28 May 2024.

Bibliography

edit
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Auto_Body&oldid=1253783121#Araco"