Secular Cantata No. 2: A Free Song (October 16, 1942) is a cantata for chorus and orchestra by William Schuman, using text by Walt Whitman, that was awarded the first Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1943,[1] after it was premiered by the Boston Symphony Orchestra (with the amateur Harvard-Radcliffe Chorus[2]) under Serge Koussevitzky.[3] Music Sales Classical describes it as containing, "granite-like blocks of dissonant harmony and sharp-edged counterpoint."[4]
Either about 22 minutes[5] or less than 14[6] in length, the form is as follows:[3]
- a. Too long, America
b. Look down, fair moon - Song of the banner
The piece is modeled on Beethoven's Fifth.[7]
The text was adapted from Whitman's Leaves of Grass (the Drum-Taps section), and Swayne (2011) describes it as the last of Schuman's pieces as, "a self-styled occasional progressive".[8] Written during World War II (after being rejected for service[7]) according to Schuman, "The first movement is a kind of requiem but more than just a prayer for the dead–it points a lesson. The 2nd movement is in complete contrast and is in the nature of a very militant 'pep talk.'"[8] The final line is, "We hear Liberty!" Schuman says, "Since I cannot serve in the Specialist Corps I am trying to do what I can with my pen....It has wonderful words by Walt Whitman. If I've done my job well it can't help but be a moving patriotic affair."[7]
Though Arthur Berger privately criticized the selection of poetry on aesthetic grounds, Wannamaker (1972) praises a A Free Song for avoiding jingoism: "A Free Song...combines lines from 'Long, Too Long, America' and 'Song of the Banner at Daybreak,' poems which have elements of the same patriotic fervor. By careful editing of phrases and lines, Schuman achieves a text that expresses only a desire for freedom for all mankind."[9] Virgil Thomson called it, "superficially warlike".[7] Berger also called the piece, "a real low",[7][9] while Elliott Carter said it was, "well-intentioned enough but not convincingly realized"[7] Meanwhile, Walter Piston admired the work.[10]
Though as of January 2011 there was no commercially available recording,[11] the piece is now available on two recordings.[6]
See also
edit- On Freedom's Ground (1984)
- Prayer in Time of War (1943)
- Steel Town (1944)
References
edit- ^ "Music", Pulitzer.org. Retrieved December 3, 2013.
- ^ Swayne, Steve (2011). Orpheus in Manhattan: William Schuman and the Shaping of America's Musical Life, p.139. ISBN 9780199793105.
- ^ a b Heinz-Dietrich Fischer, Erika J. Fischer (2001). Musical Composition Awards 1943-1999: From Aaron Copland and Samuel Barber to Gian-Carlo Menotti and Melinda Wagner, p.3-4. ISBN 9783110955750.
- ^ "William Schuman - A Free Song, Secular Cantata No. 2 (1942)", Music Sales Classical.
- ^ Green, Jonathan D. (2003). A Conductor's Guide to Choral-orchestral Works, Part 1, p.206. ISBN 9780810847200.
- ^ a b Oteri, Frank J. (August 16, 2011). "Sounds Heard: William Schuman—A Free Song, Finally!", NewMusicBox.org.
- ^ a b c d e f Fauser, Annegret (2013). Sounds of War: Music in the United States During World War II, p.238. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199323760.
- ^ a b Swayne (2011), p.137.
- ^ a b Wannamaker, John Samuel (1972). "The Musical Settings of the Poetry of Walt Whitman: A Study of Theme, Structure, and Prosody", Ph.D. diss. University of Minnesota. Cited in Swayne (2011), p.137.
- ^ Swayne (2011), p.197.
- ^ Swayne (2011), p.520.
Further reading
edit- [Premiere review], Boston Daily Globe (27 March 1943).
- "Schuman Wins First Pulitzer Prize in Music", Musical America, 1xiii (May 1943), 25.
