Ā, lowercase ā ("A with macron"), is a grapheme, a Latin A with a macron, used in several orthographies. Ā is used to denote a long A. Examples are the Baltic languages (e.g. Latvian), Polynesian languages, including Māori and Moriori, some romanizations of Japanese, Persian, Pashto, Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (which represents a long A sound) and Arabic, and some Latin texts (especially for learners). In Romanised Mandarin Chinese (pinyin) it is used to represent A spoken with a level high tone (first tone). It is used in some orthography-based transcriptions of English to represent the diphthong // (see Vowel length § Traditional long and short vowels in English orthography).

A with macron
Ā ā
Usage
Writing systemLatin script
Typealphabetic
Sound values
In UnicodeU+0100, U+0101
History
Development
Transliterations, آ, 𑆄
Other
Writing directionleft to right
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

In the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, Ā represents the open back unrounded vowel "आ", not to be confused with the similar Devanagari character for the mid central vowel, अ.

In languages other than Sanskrit and related South Asian languages,[1] Ā is sorted with other A's and is not considered a separate letter. The macron is only considered when sorting words that are otherwise identical. For example, in Māori, tāu (meaning your) comes after tau (meaning year), but before taumata (hill).

Computer encoding

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Character information
Preview Ā ā
Unicode name LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON
Encodings decimal hex dec hex
Unicode 256 U+0100 257 U+0101
UTF-8 196 128 C4 80 196 129 C4 81
Numeric character reference Ā Ā ā ā
Named character reference Ā ā
ISO 8859-4/10 192 C0 224 E0
ISO 8859-13 194 C2 226 E2

References

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  1. ^ "Sanskrit Online Dictionary". Sanskrit Documents Collection. Retrieved 3 October 2012.