Girolamo Tartarotti

Girolamo Tartarotti (Latin: Hieronymous Tartarotti;^[1] 1706–1761) was an Italian abbot, Neo-Platonist,^[2] and writer, primarily famed for his works on witchcraft.

Life

Tartarotti was born at Rovereto near Trent and studied at the University of Padua.^[3] For a time, he formed part of the entourage of Marco Foscarini, who later served as doge of Venice.^[3]

Following the execution of the elderly nun Maria Renata Singer on charges of witchcraft,^[1] he took part in the academic debate over the witchcraft trials of his time,^[3] attempting to strike a middle ground which—against Martin Delrio and Benedetto Bonelli^[1]—dismissed most purported claims of witchcraft while, on the grounds of its appearance in scripture,^[4] upholding the existence of sorcery^[3] against the skepticism of Scipione Maffei^[1] and Count Carli. The equivocation such a position entailed was first refuted by Bonelli in 1751.^[5]

Works

Abbot Tartarotti's Three Books on the Nocturnal Congress of the Lamia—composed in 1748 but delayed from publication by the Venetian Inquisition until 1750^[1]—proposed that witchcraft was an organized religion descended from the Romans' cults of Diana and Erodiade. This was an unpopular and heterodox idea,^[a] and he was obliged to restate some points in an apologia two years later.^[7] He had the sermons of the Jesuit Georg Gaar, one of the clerics responsible for Sister Maria's execution, translated into Italian so as to publish his own attacks against the man's points.^[8] He defended the existence of witchcraft, however, and won the vast majority of Italian academics to his side of the debate.

Ragionamento intorno alla poesia lirica toscana (1728)
Idea della logica degli scolastici e dei moderni (1731)
Delle disfide letterarie, o sia pubbliche difese di conclusioni (1735)
De origine Ecclesiae tridentinae et primis eius episcopis (1743)
Memorie istoriche intorno alla vita e morte de' santi Sisinio, Martirio ed Alessandro (1745)
De versione Rufiniana Historiae ecclesiasticae Eusebii Caesariensis dissertatio, in qua Valesianae interpretationis dignitas et praestantia vindicatur (1748)
Del Congresso Notturno delle Lammie Libri Tre, Venice: Giambatista Pasquali, 1749. (in Italian)
De auctoribus ab Andrea Dandulo laudatis in Chronico Veneto (1751)
Apologia del Congresso Notturno delle Lammie, o Sia Riposta all'Arte Magica Dileguata di S. Maffei ed all'Opposizione di B. Melchiori, Venice, 1751. (in Italian)
Lettera di un giornalista d'Italia ad un giornalista oltramontano sopra il libro intitolato: Vindiciae Romani Martyrologii uscito in Verona (1751)
Memorie antiche di Rovereto e dei luoghi circonvicini (1754)
Apologia delle Memorie antiche di Rovereto (1758)
Dell'origine della Chiesa di Aquileia (1759)
Lettera seconda di un giornalista d'Italia ad un giornalista oltramontano sopra il libro intitolato: Notizie istorico-critiche intorno al b.m. Adalpreto Vescovo di Trento (1760)

Published in Raccolta d'opuscoli scientifici e filologici edited by Angelo Calogerà:

Relazione d'un manoscritto dell'Istoria manoscritta di Giovanni Diacono veronese (1738)
Dissertazione intorno all'arte critica (1740)
Lettera intorno all'Eloquenza italiana di mons. Fontanini (1741)
Lettera al sig. N.N. intorno alla sua tragedia intitolata il Costantino (1741)
Lettera intorno a detti o sentenze attribuite ad autori di cui non sono (1741)
Lettera intorno alla differenza delle voci nella lingua italiana (1745)
Lettera intorno ad una particolare significazione degli avverbi fere e quasi nelle lingue italiana e latina (1748)

Published posthumously:

Osservazioni sopra la Sofonisba del Trissino con prefazione del cav. Clementino Vannetti (1784)
Rime scelte dall'abate Girolamo Tartarotti (1785)
La conclusione dei frati francescani riformati (1785)
Dialoghi della lingua latina
Annotazioni al Dialogo delle false esercitazioni delle scuole d'Aonio Paleario (1795)

Legacy

Leo Martello revived the concept of witchcraft (specifically the Italian Stregheria) as a survival of the cult of Diana in the 1970s.

Notes

^ Church doctrine at the time taught that witches were worshippers of the Devil rather than any goddess.^[6]

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Behringer (1987), p. 358.
^ Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke (1999), Witchcraft and Magic in Europe, Vol. V, London: Athlone Press, p. 71.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Seitz (2011), p. 256
^ Lea, Henry Charles (1939), Materials Toward a History of Witchcraft, Vol. I, AMS Press, p. 1447.
^ Summers, Montague (1946), "Witchcraft and Black Magic", Nature, 158 (4021), London: Rider: 115, Bibcode:1946Natur.158..726M, doi:10.1038/158726a0, S2CID 3997991.
^ Grimassi (2011), p. 50.
^ "Girolamo Tartarotti", European Witch Trials, University of Sydney Library, 2016.
^ Behringer (1987), p. 359.

Bibliography

Behringer, Wolfgang (1987), Witchcraft Persecutions in Bavaria: Popular Magic, Religious Zealotry, and Reason of State in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521525107, translated from the German by J.C. Grayson & David Lederer, 1997.
Grimassi, Raven (2011), Old World Witchcraft, San Francisco: Weiser Books, ISBN 9781578635054.
Seitz, Jonathan (2011), Witchcraft and Inquisition in Early Modern Venice, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781139501606.

External links

La ricostruzione della biblioteca di Girolamo Tartarotti

[7] Church doctrine at the time taught that witches were worshippers of the Devil rather than any goddess.^[6]

[germ-1] Behringer (1987), p. 358.

[2] Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke (1999), Witchcraft and Magic in Europe, Vol. V, London: Athlone Press, p. 71.

[sights-3] Seitz (2011), p. 256

[4] Lea, Henry Charles (1939), Materials Toward a History of Witchcraft, Vol. I, AMS Press, p. 1447.

[5] Summers, Montague (1946), "Witchcraft and Black Magic", Nature, 158 (4021), London: Rider: 115, Bibcode:1946Natur.158..726M, doi:10.1038/158726a0, S2CID 3997991.

[FOOTNOTEGrimassi2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidlTd-AwAAQBAJpgPA50_50]-6] Grimassi (2011), p. 50.

[8] "Girolamo Tartarotti", European Witch Trials, University of Sydney Library, 2016.

[germtwo-9] Behringer (1987), p. 359.

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