Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur (Somali: Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur, Arabic: عبد الرحمن أحمد علي الطور) (var. "Tur", "Tour", meaning "Hunchback"[6]) (November 6, 1931 - November 8, 2003) was a Somali politician who served as the first President of Somaliland from 1991 to 1993. Tuur previously served as the Chairman of the Somali National Movement from 1990 to 1991. He also served as the Vice President of Somaliland from 1993 to 1995.
Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur | |
|---|---|
عبد الرحمن أحمد علي الطور | |
 Tuur before 1995 | |
| 2nd Vice President of Somaliland[1] | |
| In office May 1993 – May 1995 | |
| President | Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal |
| Preceded by | Hassan Isse Jama |
| Succeeded by | Abdirahman Aw Ali Farrah |
| 1st President of Somaliland | |
| In office June 7, 1991[2] – May 16, 1993 | |
| Vice President | Hassan Isse Jama |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal |
| Chairman of the Somali National Movement[3] | |
| In office April 1990 – May 1991 | |
| Preceded by | Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | November 6, 1931 Burao, British Somaliland (now Somaliland) |
| Died | November 8, 2003 (aged 72) Hargeisa, Somaliland[4] |
| Spouse | Kinsi Ibrahim Osman[5] Basbas |
| Alma mater | University of Exeter |
Biography
editTuur was born on November 6, 1931, in Burao, then a part of the British Somaliland Protectorate. He hailed from the Muse Arreh sub clan of the Habar Yoonis.[7]
He was one of the top students who graduated from the first Intermediate School in the British Somaliland Protectorate and was given a scholarship to Sudan in 1948 to study at the renowned Hantoob Secondary School. In Hantoob, he met and befriended some of the future Sudanese leaders like Jaafar Nimeiry, Sadiq Al-Mahdi and Hassan Al-Turabi. Abdirahman excelled both in sports (especially football and track) and academic studies. He later received an additional scholarship to study at the University of Exeter.
After successfully completing his university in the UK, Abdirahman returned and started his career as an Administrative Officer in Borama in 1956 and was elevated to the position of District Commissioner (DC) 3 years later (1959). In 1961 he became Governor of the Eastern Region (Burao) and then in 1964 the Governor of Western Region (Hargeisa). In that same year he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs where he was appointed in the following diplomatic posts:
- Sudan 1964-1968 and 1970-1971 Ambassador
- Ethiopia 1972-1977 Ambassador
- East Germany 1978-1981 Ambassador
- UAE 1981-1983 Ambassador
He later became the Chairman of the Somali National Movement (SNM), a guerilla force mainly drawn from his Isaaq clan, which was attempting to topple former President of Somalia Siad Barre's military regime. Although the SNM at its inception had a unionist constitution, it eventually began to pursue a separatist agenda, looking to secede from the rest of Somalia. Under Tuur's leadership, the local administration declared the northwestern Somali territories independent on 18 May 1991. He then became the newly established Somaliland's first President, but subsequently renounced the separatist platform in 1994. Tuur concurrently began instead to publicly seek and advocate reconciliation with the rest of Somalia under a power-sharing federal system of governance.[8] In doing so, he also represented the interests of many other Isaaq members, who were against secession.[7] Tuur additionally lent some support to the UNOSOM peace-building mission in the southern regions.[9][better source needed]
Death
editTuur died on November 8, 2003, at the age of 72 and was buried in Burao, Somaliland.[10]
References
edit- ^ Paquin, Jonathan (July 2010). A Stability-Seeking Power: U.S. Foreign Policy and Secessionist Conflicts. ISBN 9780773591028.
- ^ 37. Somalia/Somaliland (1960-present).
- ^ "Civil Society & their role in Africa's struggle to deepen democracy: Experiences of Somaliland in the Horn by Cde. Iqbal Jhazbhay" (PDF). www.alnef.org.za. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
- ^ 37. Somalia/Somaliland (1960-present).
- ^ Somalilandsun.com (31 May 2015). "Somaliland: A Tribute to Abdirahman Ahmed Ali "Tuur" Father of Re-independence". Archived from the original on 2021-02-07.
- ^ Issue Paper: SOMALIA, UPDATE ON THE SITUATION IN THE NORTH (SOMALILAND)[permanent dead link], Research Directorate of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, January 1995
- ^ a b Diedrich Westermann, Edwin William Smith, Cyril Daryll Forde (2009). Africa, Volume 79, Issues 1-4. Oxford University Press. p. 259.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Somaliland's Quest for International Recognition and the HBM-SSC Factor". Archived from the original on May 28, 2012.
- ^ Somaliland and Peace in the Horn of Africa: A Situation Report and Analysis Archived 2008-05-17 at the Wayback Machine, M. Bryden, UN Emergencies Unit for Ethiopia Drafted 13 November 1995. Updated/edited version Published in African Security Review Vol 13 No 2, 2004 Archived June 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-06-23. Retrieved 2018-06-23.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Sources
edit- Somalia - Worldstatesmen.com
- "Somaliland: The Other Somalia with No War", Suliman Baldo in The Nation (Nairobi), 30 June 2006, The Nation (Nairobi)
- THE SECRETARY-GENERAL'S REPORT, ABDIRAHMAN "TUUR", AND SOMALILAND, SOMALIA News Update, Vol 3, No 16, May 28, 1994. ISSN 1103-1999