Tuanku Sir Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad GCMG (Jawi: توانكو سر عبدالرحمن ابن المرحوم توانكو محمد; 24 August 1895 – 1 April 1960) was Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan from 1933, and the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong of the Federation of Malaya from 1957, until his death in 1960.
| Abdul Rahman عبدالرحمن | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Abdul Rahman, c. 1950s | |||||||||
| Yang di-Pertuan Agong I | |||||||||
| Reign | 31 August 1957 – 1 April 1960 | ||||||||
| Installation | 2 September 1957 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Position established Elizabeth II (as Queen) | ||||||||
| Successor | Hisamuddin | ||||||||
| Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan | |||||||||
| Reign | 3 August 1933 – 1 April 1960 | ||||||||
| Installation | 25 April 1934 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Muhammad | ||||||||
| Successor | Munawir | ||||||||
| Born | 24 August 1895 Istana Lama Seri Menanti, Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan, Federated Malay States | ||||||||
| Died | 1 April 1960 (aged 64) Istana Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Federation of Malaya | ||||||||
| Burial | 5 April 1960 Seri Menanti Royal Mausoleum, Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan, Federation of Malaya | ||||||||
| Spouse | Cik Engku Maimunah binti Abdullah (Dulcie Campbell) Tunku Maharun binti Tengku Mambang Tunku Zaidah binti Tunku Zakaria | ||||||||
| Issue Detail | Tunku Aida Tunku Ja'afar Tunku Sheilah Tunku Abdullah Tunku Munawir Tunku Bahiyah Tunku Shahariah Tunku Noraida Zakiah | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | Pagaruyung (House of Yamtuan Raden) | ||||||||
| Father | Tuanku Muhammad ibni Almarhum Tuanku Antah | ||||||||
| Mother | Tunku Halija binti Tunku Muda Chik | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
Early career
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Born at Seri Menanti on August 24, 1895,[1] he was the second son of Tuanku Muhammad ibni Tuanku Antah, first Yang di-Pertuan Besar of modern Negeri Sembilan and seventh Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Seri Menanti (1888–1933) by his second wife, Tunku Puan Chik.[citation needed]
He received his primary education at the Jempol Malay School, going on to the Malay College between 1907 and 1914. He worked at the Federal Secretariat in Kuala Lumpur for a period of one year before being appointed Assistant Collector of Land Revenue in Seremban. He served in the Malayan Volunteer Infantry as a second lieutenant, and was promoted lieutenant in 1918.[2]
On the death of his elder brother, Tunku Abdul Aziz, in 1917, he was groomed as heir to the throne and received the title of Tunku Muda Serting.
He was later appointed as Assistant Malay Officer in Klang before being transferred to Sepang. He was then assigned to work in Ulu Selangor as Assistant Collector of Land Revenue. As a result of his perseverance and diligence, he was promoted to Assistant District Officer. The turning point of his career was in 1925, when he served for a short period in the Kuala Lumpur Supreme Court.
In 1925, he accompanied his father, who was then the ruler of Negeri Sembilan, on a trip to the United Kingdom for the British Empire Exhibition in Wembley and to visit King George V. During the journey to the United Kingdom, he decided he wanted to study law.[1] With the approval of his father Tuanku Muhammad, he stayed in the United Kingdom until he completed his studies and received a degree in law.
He stayed on to qualify as a barrister from Inner Temple. Three years later, in 1928, he was admitted to the bar.[1] In London, he was elected first President of the Kesatuan Melayu United Kingdom, one of the earliest Malay nationalist groups.
Upon returning to Malaya in December 1928, he served in the Malayan Civil Service in various parts of the country.[3] For the first few years, he worked hard until he became a Magistrate. Subsequently, he was appointed District Officer.
Election as Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan
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In 1933, following the death of his father, he succeeded him onto the throne of Negeri Sembilan.[1] At that time, he was already an advocate, hence making him the only Malay ruler with an advocate and solicitor's qualifications.
Abdul Rahman (as he became) admitted to British interrogators that he had made speeches in favour of the Japanese during the latter's military occupation of Malaya (1942–1945) but this had been done under duress and that the Japanese forcibly removed certain of his royal privileges.[4]
Although he subsequently signed the Malayan Union treaty, he repudiated it later and upon the suggestion of Sultan Badlishah of Kedah, engaged a London-based lawyer to represent the case of the Malay rulers against the Malayan Union plan of Clement Attlee's government.[5]
Election as Yang di-Pertuan Agong
editAbdul Rahman was elected first Yang di-Pertuan Agong or Paramount Ruler of independent Malaya on 31 August 1957 for a five-year term by eight votes to one, defeating the more senior Sultan Abu Bakar of Pahang.[6]
He had been the ruler of Negeri Sembilan for 24 years before being elected as the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong.
Installation
editAbdul Rahman was installed as the first Yang di-Pertuan Agong of independent Malaya on 2 September 1957 at the throne room of the Istana Negara.
As Malay rulers do not traditionally possess crowns, he was installed by kissing the royal kris of state (keris kerajaan) to the beat of the nobat, a tradition which has been followed by every Yang di-Pertuan Agong since.
In honour of Abdul Rahman, all subsequent Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia have also used the headdress with Dendam Tak Sudah (literally Unending Revenge) style, the fashion employed in Negeri Sembilan.[7]
Death and funeral
editAbdul Rahman died in his sleep at the Istana Negara in Kuala Lumpur in the early morning of 1 April 1960. The lying in state was held at the Banquet Hall of the Istana Negara. On 2 April 1960, a state funeral procession was held in Kuala Lumpur, whereupon Abdul Rahman's teak coffin was then taken by train to Seremban and later by hearse to the Istana Besar, Seri Menanti. He was buried at the Royal Mausoleum in Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan on 5 April 1960.[8]
Legacy
editAbdul Rahman's portrait has been featured on the obverse of Malaysian Ringgit banknotes since the first series was issued in 1967.
Sekolah Tuanku Abdul Rahman (English: Tuanku Abdul Rahman School; abbr. STAR) is a premier, all-boys fully residential school in Malaysia funded by the Government of Malaysia and is named after Abdul Rahman. It is located in Ipoh, Perak and was built in 1957.
Belief in democracy
editAbdul Rahman believed strongly in parliamentary democracy and one of his most memorable quotes was to a foreign dignitary from the Middle East who in 1959 complained about Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj's "high handed" manner and wanted the King to sack him. To which he replied: "Alas I can't sack him; he is elected by the people, and as Prime Minister of the country he can sack me!"[9]
Family life
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Abdul Rahman married four times. His marriages were to:
- in 1919 to Dulcie Campbell, a Eurasian nurse who embraced Islam and took the name Cik Maimunah (divorced)
- in 1920 to Tunku Maharun binti Tunku Mambang, a member of the Negeri Sembilan royal family (divorced)
- in 1929 to Tunku Kurshiah binti Tunku Besar Burhanuddin, a cousin, who became first Raja Permaisuri Agong or Queen of Malaya [10]
- in 1948 to Tunku Zaidah binti Tunku Zakaria, another cousin.[11]
Abdul Rahman fathered three sons and five daughters. His second wife, Tuanku Maharum gave birth to his firstborn son, Tuanku Munawir. Cik Engku Maimunah, his first wife, gave birth to two sons and two daughters. The eldest is Tunku Aida, followed by Tuanku Ja'afar, Tunku Sheilah and Tunku Abdullah.[12] Tunku Kursiah, his third wife, gave birth to two daughters. His fourth wife, Tunku Zaidah, gave birth to his youngest child, a daughter.
Two of his sons succeeded him as Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan:
- Tuanku Munawir (son of Tunku Maharun), who reigned from 1960 to 1967 as the ninth Yang di-Pertuan Besar.
- Tuanku Ja'afar (son of Dulcie Campbell), who succeeded his brother in 1967, as the tenth Yang di-Pertuan Besar, and reigned till 27 December 2008. He served as the tenth Yang di-Pertuan Agong from 1994 to 1999.
His grandson, Tuanku Muhriz, currently reigns as the eleventh Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.
His daughter, Sultanah Bahiyah, from his third marriage to Tunku Kurshiah served as Sultanah of Kedah upon the accession of her husband, Sultan Abdul Halim, in 1958 until her death in 2003. She also served as the fifth Raja Permaisuri Agong of Malaysia from 1970 to 1975.
Issue
edit| Name | Birth Date | Death Date | Marriage Date | Spouse | Issue | Grandchildren |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Che Engku Maimunah binti Abdullah (m. 1919, divorced) | ||||||
| Tunku Aida | 27 May 1920 | 29 May 1937 | Tunku Ma’amor bin Tunku Usoh | Tunku Datuk Sri Mizan | ||
| Tunku Ainunnisa | ||||||
| Tunku Ainah | ||||||
| Tunku Maztom | 3 daughters | |||||
| Tunku Puan Sri Arishah | 2 sons and 3 daughters | |||||
| Tuanku Ja’afar | 19 July 1922 | 27 December 2008 | 8 August 1942 | Tunku Najihah binti Almarhum Tunku Besar Burhanuddin | Tunku Tan Sri Naquiah | Tunku Nadzimuddin Tunku Datin Mir'atun Madihah Tunku Nasaifuddin Tunku Nasruan Adil |
| Tunku Dato' Seri Utama Naquiyuddin | Tunku Mohamed Alauddin Tunku Alia Nadira Tunku Nadia Sahiya Tunku Khairul Zaim | |||||
| Tunku Tan Sri Dato' Seri Imran | Tunku Abdul Rahman Aminullah
4 step-children | |||||
| Tunku Puteri Puan Sri Dato' Seri Jawahir | Tengku Azra Jahan Juzaila Tengku Aslahuddin Ja’afar Tengku A'zran Abdul Jawaad | |||||
| Tunku Dato' Seri Irinah | Tengku Alam Shah Amiruddin Tengku Aiman Shahirah | |||||
| Tunku Dato' Seri Nadzaruddin | Tunku Muhammad Hazim Shah Raden Tunku Muhammad Mish’al Raden Tunku Ines Najiha Raden | |||||
| Tunku Sheilah | 2 May 1924 | 25 May 2023 | 23 August 1942 | Tunku Daud bin Tunku Besar Burhanuddin | Tunku Ivy Mu’hsinah | Putri Sian Shaharia binti Sharif Winter |
| Tengku Datuk Munasir | Tunku Mutalib Tunku Muzaffar Tunku Maisura Adibah | |||||
| Tunku Mu’tasim | Tunku Mahzuz Tunku Mahir Tunku Masna | |||||
| Tunku Mukhrizah | ||||||
| Tunku Roxana | Paul Kamil Lafrance Sarah Melane Lafrance | |||||
| Tunku Tan Sri Abdullah | 2 May 1925 | 19 August 2008 | 22 April 1946
(div. 1958) |
Tunku Zahara binti Tunku Zakaria | Tunku Dato’ Sri Iskandar | Tunku Idalyn Mazura Tunku Izrina Mazuin Tunku Izora Mulaika |
| Tunku Hajjah Marina Ashraf | Mazran Zamani Mazlina Zairin Mizfarah Zara Mazrah Zuraihan | |||||
| Tunku Dato’ Kamil Ikram | Tunku Shazwan Kaiyisha Tunku Arina Nakita Tunku Arina Nashita | |||||
| 6 August 1959 (div. 30 March 1966) | Che Ho Yuzin binti Abdullah | Tunku Dato’ Yaacob Khyra | Tunku Elana Khyra Tunku Leana Khyra Tunku Amaan Khyra Tunku Nadya Khyra Tunku Omaan Khyra Tunku Imaan Khyra Tunku Rmaan Khyra | |||
| Tunku Yahaya | Tunku Mikael | |||||
| Tunku Halim | Tunku Kristina Radin Tunku Adam Radin | |||||
| 30 March 1966 (div. 20 February 1970) | Cik Khadija binti Abdullah | Tunku Soraya Dakhlah | ||||
| 21 April 1973 (div. 1991) | Che Engku Chesterina binti Abdullah | |||||
| 10 August 1991 (div. 1996) | Cik Engku Maimunah binti Abdullah | |||||
| 25 April 1997 | Puan Sri Che Engku Rozita binti Ahmad Baharuddin | Tunku Muhammad Shah | ||||
| Tunku Intan Kursiah | ||||||
| Tuanku Ampuan Maharunnisa binti Tunku Mambang (m. March 1921, div. 1923) | ||||||
| Tuanku Munawir | 29 March 1922 | 14 April 1967 | 1 January 1940 | Tuanku Ampuan Durah binti Almarhum Tunku Besar Burhanuddin | Tunku Umpa Munawirah | Tengku Mu'adzam Sadruddin Tengku Munawir Islahuddin Tengku Mu'amir Izzuddin |
| Tunku Mudziah | Syed Mashafud-din bin Syed Badaruddin Jamalullail Sharifa Basma Alawiya binti Syed Badaruddin Jamalullail Sharifa Bahiya Abla binti Syed Badaruddin Jamalullail Sharifa Bashira Asma binti Syed Badaruddin Jamalullail | |||||
| Tuanku Muhriz | Tunku Ali Redhauddin Tunku Zain Al-'Abidin Tunku Alif Hussein Saifuddin Al-Amin | |||||
| Tunku Datin Anne Dakhlah | Siti Mazeera Siti Mazlina Siti Mazlynda | |||||
| Tunku Deborah | 2 daughters | |||||
| Tunku Datin Deanna | Tengku Amera Nafisah Tengku Nadia Azrina Tengku Dahira Azirah | |||||
| Tuanku Kurshiah binti Almarhum Tunku Besar Burhanuddin (m. 21 March 1929) | ||||||
| Sultanah Bahiyah | 24 August 1930 | 26 August 2003 | 9 March 1956 | Al-Sultan Al-Mu’tassimu Billahi Muhibbuddin Tuanku Al-Haj Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah | Tunku Soraya binti Almarhum Tengku Abdul Aziz
(adopted) |
Raja Nabil Imran Raja Idris Shah Raja Sarina Intan Bahiyah Raja Safia Azizah Raja Sifuddin Muadzam Shah |
| Tunku Sarina binti Almarhum Tengku Abdul Aziz
(adopted) |
||||||
| Tan Sri Tunku Puteri Intan Shafinaz | ||||||
| Tunku Hajah Shahariah | 8 April 1932 | 25 October 1956 | Tunku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail Al-Khalidi | Tunku Abu Bakar | Tunku Kurshiah Aminah Atiah Tunku Abdul Rahman Burhanuddin Tunku Aishah Johara | |
| Tunku Zaidah binti Tunku Zakaria (m. 1948) | ||||||
| Tunku Noraida Zakiah | 6 December 1950 | — | Encik Abdul Rahim bin Abdul Manaf | Putri Norashiqin | ||
Hobbies and interests
editAbdul Rahman had an interest in sports such as cricket, football and tennis. His favourite sport was boxing. When he was young, he would wear boxing gloves to box with his sons.
Awards and recognitions
editNational Honours
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Malaya:
Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN) (1958)[13]
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Foreign Honours
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United Kingdom:
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) – Sir (1934)
Recipient of the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal (1935)[14]
Recipient of the King George VI Coronation Medal (1937)[15]
Recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (1953)- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) – Sir (1957)[16]
Brunei:
Member First Class of the Family Order of Laila Utama (DK) - Dato Laila Utama (1959)
Places named after him
editSeveral places were named after him, including:
- Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman, a road in Kuala Lumpur
- Medan Tuanku district in downtown Kuala Lumpur
- Medan Tuanku Monorail station
- Sekolah Tuanku Abdul Rahman, an all-boys school in Ipoh, Perak
- Tuanku Abdul Rahman Mosque in Sarikei, Sarawak
- Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium in Paroi, Negeri Sembilan
- SK Tuanku Abdul Rahman, a primary school in Gemas, Negeri Sembilan
- SMK Tuanku Abdul Rahman, a secondary school in Gemas, Negeri Sembilan
- SMK Tuanku Abdul Rahman, a secondary school in Nibong Tebal, Penang
- SMK Tuanku Abdul Rahman, a secondary school in Rawang, Selangor
- Tuanku Abdul Rahman Residential College, a residential college at University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
Notes
edit- ^ a b c d Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abdul Rahman, Tuanku". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 21. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
- ^ Abdul Samad Idris (1961) Takhta Kerajaan Negeri Sembilan Utusan Printcorp Sdn Bhd
- ^ ibid
- ^ Stockwell, A.J. (1995) Malaya: Part I The Malayan Union Experiment 1942–1948 HMSO
- ^ Ismail Haji Saleh (1989) The Sultan Was Not Alone State Museum, Kedah Darul Aman
- ^ (4 August 1957) Sunday Times, Singapore
- ^ Fish, William ed. (1959) The Straits Times Annual
- ^ Mubin Sheppard (1960) The Death and Funeral of His Late Majesty Tuanku Abdul Rahman Malaya in History Vol 6 No. 1 Malayan Historical Society, Kuala Lumpur
- ^ Tunku Abdul Rahman (1977) Looking Back, p. 205, Pustaka Antara
- ^ Finestone, Jeffrey and Shahril Talib (1994) The Royal Families of South East Asia pp. 198–199 Shahindera Sdn Bhd
- ^ Mubin Sheppard ‘’op cit
- ^ Halim, Tunku. Tunku Abdullah – A Passion for Life. All-Media Publications, 1998, pp. 25–26.
- ^ "Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1958" (PDF).
- ^ "KING'S JUBILEE MEDAL AWARDS IN MALAYA". Straits Budget. 30 May 1935. p. 16.
- ^ "CORONATION MEDALS FOR MALAYA". Morning Tribune. 26 May 1937. p. 23.
- ^ "No. 40960". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 December 1956. p. 4.
External links
edit- Malaysia National Library's Tuanku Abdul Rahman biography.
- Council of Rulers' Tuanku Abdul Rahman biography (in Malay).
- Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Malaysian Monarchy)
