Abkhazia–Venezuela relations refers to bilateral relations between the breakaway Republic of Abkhazia and Venezuela. Venezuela recognised Abkhazia, along with South Ossetia, on 10 September 2009, almost ten years after the country declared independence from Georgia in 1999.[1] Venezuela was the third state to recognise Abkhazia and South Ossetia, after Russia and Nicaragua.[2]
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During the 2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis, Interim President Juan Guaidó sought to withdraw the recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and improve relations with Georgia once a new government was created.[3]
Recognition by Venezuela of Abkhazia's independence
editVenezuelan President Hugo Chávez announced that his government recognised Abkhazia and South Ossetia when he was hosted by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in Moscow. Chávez also announced that formal diplomatic relations would be established with both republics.[4] Relations between Abkhazia and Venezuela had already been good before recognition. Deputy of the National Assembly of Venezuela Luis Tascón Gutiérrez visited Abkhazia in November 2006 and declared that Abkhazia had friends in Venezuela and that Venezuela would support its quest for independence.[5] President Chávez also defended Russia's recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia in August 2008, stating "Russia has recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. We support Russia. Russia is right and is defending its interests."[6]
Following the announcement of recognition, Abkhazian President Sergei Bagapsh responded: "We have always looked to Venezuela and some other Latin American countries with hope. An Abkhazian delegation is now in Caracas after visiting Cuba and Nicaragua, where they received a warm welcome and support."[7] The Georgian Foreign Ministry condemned the decision by the Venezuelan government, referring to President Chávez as a "dictator" in an official statement made later on the same day.[8]
Diplomatic relations and exchange of ambassadors
editAbkhazia and Venezuela have established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level. Venezuela's ambassador to Abkhazia is resident in Moscow.
On 11 July 2010, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Venezuela Hugo Jose Garcia Hernandez presented his credentials to Abkhazia's Minister for Foreign Affairs Maxim Gvinjia, and on 12 July, to President Bagapsh.[9] A formal document on the establishing of diplomatic relations at the level of ambassadors was signed on 23 July during a state visit of President Bagapsh to Venezuela. On 6 December, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Abkhazia Zaur Gvajava presented his credentials to Vice President Elías Jaua of Venezuela.[10]
On 3 September 2015, Venezuela's new ambassador Juan Vicente Paredes Torrealba presented his credentials to Foreign Minister Viacheslav Chirikba and President Raul Khajimba.[11][12]
Further meetings
editA meeting between the two governments' deputy foreign ministers in September 2009 reportedly focused on political and economic cooperation. Abkhazia has requested that Venezuela create a platform for lobbying the recognition of Abkhazia's independence in Latin America.[13]
From 21 to 25 July 2012, an Abkhazian delegation headed by President Bagapsh visited Venezuela after a similar stay in Nicaragua, together with a similar delegation from South Ossetia.[14] The visit was aimed at promoting international recognition and expanding relations within Latin America and the Caribbean. Prime Minister of Abkhazia Sergei Shamba said, "We believe that countries that respect the authority of Chavez as a regional leader will follow suit."[15][16] On 22 July, the presidents of Abkhazia and South Ossetia were declared guests of honour of Venezuela and symbolically received the keys of the city of Caracas.[17] On 23 July agreements were signed on the beginning of cooperation, on the establishing of diplomatic relations, on friendship and cooperation and on political dialogue.[14] President Bagapsh also invited Venezolan oil producer PdVSA to invest in Abkhazia – this was seen as an attempt to lessen the Abkhaz dependence to Russia.[18] The cooperation agreements were ratified by the National Assembly of Venezuela on 14 October.[19] The treaty on cooperation and friendship formally came into force on 29 October 2012.[20]
In 2019, Abkhaz president Raul Khajimba traveled to Venezuela as head of a delegation of his country. Khajimba attended the inauguration of Nicolás Maduro as the Venezuelan president.[21]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Chavez recognises Georgia rebels". BBC News. Moscow: British Broadcasting Corporation. 10 September 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ^ "Venezuela recognizes Abkhazia, South Ossetia as independent states". China View. Moscow: Xinhua News Agency. 10 September 2009. Archived from the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ^ "Venezuela likely to revoke recognition of Georgian occupied regions if interim gov't preserves power". Agenda.ge. 31 January 2019.
- ^ "Venezuela recognises rebel Georgian regions". ABC News. Moscow: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 September 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ^ Венесуэла поддержит Абхазию в ее стремлении к независимости (in Russian). Administration of the President of Abkhazia. 16 November 2006. Archived from the original on 22 October 2007. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
- ^ Daniel, Frank Jack; Pretel, Enrique Andres; Hudson, Saul (29 August 2008). "Chavez backs Russian recognition of Georgia regions". Puerto Ordaz. Reuters. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ^ Novosti, Ria (10 September 2009). "Venezuela recognizes S.Ossetia, Abkhazia". B92. Moscow: B92. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ^ "Tbilisi Condemns Venezuela's Abkhazia, S.Ossetia Recognition". Civil.ge. Tbilisi. 10 September 2009. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ^ "Сергей Багапш принял верительную грамоту чрезвычайного полномочного посла Венесуэлы в Республике Абхазия". Apsnypress. 12 July 2010. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
- ^ "Embajador de Abjasia presenta cartas credenciales a gobierno venezolano". Embassy of Abkhazia in Venezuela. 6 December 2010. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ "Хуан Висенте Паредес Торреальба назначен Послом Венесуэлы в Абхазии". Apsnypress. 3 September 2015. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ^ "Посол Венесуэлы в Абхазии Хуан Висенте Паредес Торреальба вручил верительные грамоты Президенту РА". Apsnypress. 3 September 2015. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- ^ "Venezuela, Abkhazia to establish diplomatic ties". Caracas. ITAR-TASS. 15 September 2009. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ^ a b "Президенты Венесуэлы и Абхазии подписали совместное Заявление о начале сотрудничества". Apsnypress. 24 July 2010. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ "Delegation of Abkhazia led by President Sergey Bagapsh to pay official visit to Nicaragua, Venezuela in the middle of July" (Press release). Government of Abkhazia. 1 July 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2010.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Presidentes de Abjasia y Osetia del Sur visitarán Latinoamérica para profundizar relaciones" (Press release) (in Spanish). Agencia Venezolana de Noticias. 25 June 2010. Archived from the original on 22 April 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ^ Президенты Абхазии и Южной Осетии объявлены "Почетными гостями" столицы Венесуэлы (in Russian). Apsnypress. 22 July 2010. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ "Besuch aus dem Kaukasus für Chávez und Ortega" (in German). David X. Noack. 26 July 2010. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ "Aprueba Asamblea Nacional acuerdo entre Venezuela y Abjasia" (in Spanish). Embassy of Abkhazia in Venezuela. 14 October 2010. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ Министр иностранных дел Республики Абхазия В. А. Чирикба поздравил Элиаса Хауа с назначением на должность Министра иностранных дел Боливарианской Республики Венесуэла (in Russian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Abkhazia. 18 January 2013. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
- ^ "Visit of Abkhazian President to Venezuela is completed". Apsnypress. 11 January 2019. Archived from the original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.