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Abu Mohammad al-Adnani

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Taha Sobhi Falaha (Arabic: طٰهٰ صُبْحِيِّ فَلَاحَةٍ, romanized: Ṭāhā Ṣobḥī Falāḥa; 1977 – 30 August 2016), better known by his nom de guerre Abu Muhammad al-Adnani al-Shami (Arabic: أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ ٱلْعَدْنَانِيُّ ٱلشَّامِيُّ, romanized: ʾAbū Muḥammad al-ʿAdnānī aš-Šāmī, lit. 'Father of Muhammad, the Adnanite Levantine'), was a Syrian militant leader who was the official spokesperson and a senior leader of the Islamic State.[6][7] He was described as the chief of its external operations. He was the second most senior leader of the Islamic State after its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.[4] Media reports in August 2016 suggested he was in charge of a special unit, known as the Emni, that was established by IS in 2014 with the double objective of internal policing and executing operations outside IS territory.[8][9]

Abu Muhammad al-Adnani
أبو محمد العدناني
Photo featured in IS propaganda, also used by U.S. State Department, January 2012.[1][2]
Born
Taha Sobhi Falaha

1977 (1977)[2][3]
Binnish, Idlib Governorate, Syria
Died30 August 2016(2016-08-30) (aged 38–39)
Near al-Bab, Aleppo Governorate, Syria
Cause of deathAir strike
NationalitySyrian
OccupationOfficial spokesman of the Islamic State
SuccessorAbul-Hasan al-Muhajir
Movement Islamic State
Criminal charge(s)Designated a terrorist by the United Nations Security Council and the US State Department[4][5]

On 5 May 2015, the U.S. State Department Rewards for Justice Program announced a reward up to US$5 million for information leading to his capture.[2][10]

On 30 August 2016, the Islamic State announced al-Adnani had been killed in Aleppo Province. A number of fighting forces claimed responsibility for al-Adnani's death. On 12 September 2016, the U.S. Department of Defense announced that a U.S. coalition airstrike had killed al-Adnani,[11] even though the Russian Federation had already claimed that Adnani had been killed in a Russian airstrike involving an Su-34 bomber.[12][13]

Early life

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Al-Adnani was born in 1977 in the town of Binnish in the countryside of Idlib Governorate, northwestern Syria.[7][14] According to a biography published by IS cleric Turki al-Binali after Adnani's death, he "grew up with the love of mosques ... [and] memorized the Quran as a young man."[15]

Al-Qaeda in Iraq

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According to a biography penned by Turki al-Binali, Adnani became involved in Islamic militancy in the year 2000 and he was later recruited by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in 2002. His primary teacher was Abu Anas al-Shami, a senior leader in Jama'at al-Tawhid wal Jihad. He swore allegiance to Abu Musab al-Zarqawi along with thirty-five others while in Syria, with a plan to fight the government of Bashar al-Assad. However, the Americans invaded Iraq, and Adnani became one of the first foreign fighters to oppose Coalition forces in Iraq.

He was summoned for questioning repeatedly by the Syrian General Intelligence Directorate and was arrested three times. One of the times he was arrested was when he was passing through al-Bukamal on his way to Iraq for the first time. He spent months in jail and was finally freed after he refused to divulge information, despite being tortured. Al-Adnani, alongside Abu Hamza al-Muhajir, was one of the last to evacuate the city of Fallujah after the Second Battle of Fallujah in 2004.[5]

May 2005 arrest

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In May 2005 Al-Adnani was arrested by Coalition forces in Al Anbar Governorate in Iraq under a fake name "Yasser Khalaf Hussein Nazal al-Rawi", and was released in 2010.[14][16] In December 2012, an Iraqi intelligence official said he was using a number of aliases including "Abu Mohamed al-Adnani, Taha al-Banshi, Jaber Taha Falah, Abu Baker al-Khatab and Abu Sadek al-Rawi."[14]

Islamic State

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Al-Adnani was highly respected by his fellow fighters throughout his time in the Iraq insurgency, with ISI leader Abu Omar al-Baghdadi saying about him, "It will be for this man the whole affair (of jihad)". Abu Musab al-Zarqawi trusted him so much that he allowed him to make executive decisions independently, saying "Do not consult me on matters, just brief me." He was also the teacher of Manaf Abd al-Rahim al-Rawi, the Islamic State of Iraq "governor" for Baghdad province. He was highly respected by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi the leader of the Islamic State and he was considered by many sources to be second-in-command to Baghdadi.

According to Harry Sarfo, a former German member of the group. "The big man behind everything is Abu Muhammad al-Adnani. ... He is the head of the Emni, and he is the head of the special forces as well. ... Everything goes back to him."[17]

On 18 August 2014, the US State Department listed al-Adnani as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist.[5] On 15 August 2014, he was sanctioned by the United Nations Security Council.[4]

According to a former ISIS militant and a former Yazidi slave, al-Adnani personally participated in the burning death of Jordanian pilot Muath al-Kasasbeh in 2015, and directed ISIS media crews to produce videos of killings.[18][19][20]

On 4 January 2016, Abu Mohammad al-Adnani was reportedly injured by an Iraqi airstrike on Barwana, near Haditha, Iraq and was moved to Mosul for recovery.[21][22]

Speeches

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List of speeches

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  • "Now Now the Fighting Comes" (January 25, 2012)[23]
  • "Iraq, Iraq Oh Ahl al-Sunnah" (February 24, 2012)[24]
  • "The State of Islam Will Remain Safe" (March 4, 2012)[25]
  • "I Exhort You to One Thing Only" (May 21, 2012)[26]
  • "The Incursions Are Deadlier" (November 1, 2012)[27]
  • "The Seven Facts" (January 30, 2013)[28]
  • "So Fight Them, Verily They Are Polytheists" (June 15, 2013)[29]
  • "Ignore Them and Their False Allegations" (June 20, 2013)[30]
  • "They Will Not Harm You Except For [Some] Annoyance" (July 30, 2013)[31]
  • "Peaceful Is Whose Religion?" (30 August 2013)[32]
  • "May God Be With You, Oh the Oppressed State" (30 September 2013)[33]
  • "The Scout Doesn't Lie To His People" (January 7, 2014)[34]
  • "Then We Pray For God's Curse to Be On the Liars" (March 7, 2014)[35]
  • "He Will Surely Establish For Them [Therein] Their Religion Which He Has Preferred For Them" (April 3, 2014)[36]
  • "This is Not Our Manhaj, Nor Will It Ever Be" (April 17, 2014)[37]
  • "Apologies, Emir of Al-Qaeda" (May 11, 2014)[38]
  • "What Comes to You of Good Is From Allah" (June 12, 2014)[39]
  • "This Is the Promise of Allah" (June 29, 2014)[40]
  • "Indeed, Your Lord Is Ever Watchful" (22 September 2014)[41]
  • "Say Die in Your Rage" (26 January 2015)[42]
  • "So They Kill and Are Killed" (12 March 2015)[43]
  • "O Our People Respond to the Caller of Allah" (23 June 2015)[44]
  • "Say to Those Who Disbelieve You Will Be Overcome" (October 15, 2015)[45]
  • "And Those Who Lived [In Faith] Would Live Upon Evidence" (21 May 2016)[46]

As spokesman of the Islamic State, Adnani made a considerable number of speeches. His rhetorical style received attention. Abu al-Waleed al-Salafi, a researcher, comments, "I have analysed the speeches of Baghdadi and Adnani psychologically more than once, and I found a result: that Adnani's speech seeks to inspire zeal in the soul, while Baghdadi's speech seeks to inspire calm."[47] Adnani's vitriolic speaking style established his reputation as the 'attack dog' of the Islamic State, especially for his denunciations of al-Qaeda.

'Indeed, Your Lord Is Ever Watchful' speech

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On 22 September 2014, al-Adnani gave a lengthy speech entitled "Indeed, Your Lord Is Ever Watchful", which was significant because it was the first official instruction by the Islamic State for its supporters to kill non-Muslims in Western countries. This speech has been credited with inspiring a wave of Islamic terrorism in Europe.

Among other things, Al-Adnani said:

If you can kill a disbelieving American or European - especially the spiteful and filthy French - or an Australian, or a Canadian, or any other disbeliever from the disbelievers waging war, including the citizens of the countries that entered into a coalition against the Islamic State, then rely upon Allah, and kill him in any manner or way however it may be.

and later on:

If you are not able to find an IED or a bullet, then single out the disbelieving American, Frenchman, or any of their allies. Smash his head with a rock, or slaughter him with a knife, or run him over with your car, or throw him down from a high place, or choke him, or poison him.[48][49]

Death

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On 30 August 2016, the Islamic State announced that Adnani had been killed in Aleppo Province.[50][51] The Russian Federation claimed that Adnani had been killed in a Tuesday (30 August 2016) Russian airstrike.[12][13] Specifically, the Russian Defense Ministry indicated on August 31 that al-Adnani was killed in the Maarat Umm Hawsh area of Aleppo as the result of an airstrike conducted by a Russian Su-34 bomber, a strike which targeted and hit a group of about 40 Islamic State fighters.[52]

An unnamed U.S. defense official said, "coalition forces conducted an airstrike in al-Bab, Syria, targeting an ISIL senior leader" and were still trying to confirm whether he was killed.[53] A U.S. defense official called the Russian claim to have killed al-Adnani "preposterous" and "a joke" and said they stand by the statement made on August 30 that U.S. forces conducted the strike that targeted al-Adnani.[54][55] Also, earlier in the day on 30 August 2016, a U.S. military intelligence official stated that al-Adnani was wounded several days previous and succumbed to his injuries in al-Bab.[56]

The U.S. Department of Defense confirmed on 12 September that al-Adnani had been killed in an airstrike on 30 August near al-Bab.[57][11]

After his death al-Adnani was featured on the cover of the first issue of ISIL propaganda magazine Rumiyah, which praised both his life as a jihadist and his 'martyrdom'. It repeatedly stated that the killing of al-Adnani will only strengthen the outfit as there are many who will follow his path and replace him.[58]

Books

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He wrote a number of books, including The Context of Jihad and Its Related Issues and Verses on the Jurisprudence of Jihad, that he penned while being imprisoned by the Americans. Many of his publications eventually served as textbooks for al-Qaeda and ISIS fighters in training camps, where he also used to teach the Arabic language and its grammar, as well as Islamic law.[59]

References

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  1. ^ "ISI Spokesman Declares Victory Over US, Sets Sights on Iraqi Government | Latest Multimedia from Islamic State of Iraq (ISI)". Ent.siteintelgroup.com. 8 February 2012. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
  2. ^ a b c "Wanted". Rewards for Justice. 2014-08-18. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
  3. ^ "OFAC Recent Actions". Archived from the original on 2016-11-04.
  4. ^ a b c "United Nations Security Council Adds Names of Six Individuals to Al-Qaida Sanctions List". 15 August 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  5. ^ a b c "Terrorist Designation of Abu Mohammed al-Adnani". US State Department. 18 August 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2014.
  6. ^ "Isis urges more attacks on Western 'disbelievers'". The Independent. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  7. ^ a b "Adnani opens fire on everyone". Al-Akhbar. 8 March 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  8. ^ "IS group unit known as 'Emni' aims to export terror around the world - France 24". 4 August 2016.
  9. ^ "How a Secretive Branch of ISIS Built a Global Network of Killers". The New York Times. 3 August 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  10. ^ "Rewards for Justice Reward Offers for Information on Islamic State – of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) Terrorists". State.gov. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
  11. ^ a b Pentagon Confirms US Strike in Syria Killed ISIL Leader 12 September 2016
  12. ^ a b "Russia says it killed Islamic State leader Adnani in Syria". Reuters. 31 August 2016.
  13. ^ a b "Российский Су-34 уничтожил в Сирии второе лицо в ИГ". RIA Novosti. 31 August 2016.
  14. ^ a b c "Syria: Jihadist factions close to civil war". Al Akhbar English. Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  15. ^ Charles R. Lister, The Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolution of an Insurgency, Oxford University Press (2016), p. 147
  16. ^ "Wanted leader of Al-Qaeda-linked group held in Iraq". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
  17. ^ "How a Secretive Branch of ISIS Built a Global Network of Killers". The New York Times. 4 August 2016.
  18. ^ "Ex-ISIS member: How Jordanian pilot was executed". 11 February 2017.
  19. ^ "The People Behind ISIS Media System Speak in an Al-Arabiya TV Documentary | MEMRI". Archived from the original on 2018-07-18. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
  20. ^ "Against all odds, Yazidi girl outlives her top-ranking Islamic State captors - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East". 2 March 2022.
  21. ^ "Iraq military says ISIS spokesman Adnani wounded: state TV". Reuters. 7 January 2016.
  22. ^ ISIS spokesman Adnani ‘wounded’ in Iraqi airstrike
  23. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (25 January 2012). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī: "Now Now the Fighting Comes"".
  24. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (24 February 2012). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī: "Iraq, Iraq Oh Ahl al-Sunnah"".
  25. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (4 March 2012). "Anṣār al-Mujāhidīn English Forum presents an English translation of al-Furqān Media's video message from the Islamic State of Iraq's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī: "The State of Islam Will Remain Safe"".
  26. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (21 May 2012). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī: "I Exhort You to One Thing Only"".
  27. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (1 November 2012). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī: "The Incursions Are Deadlier"".
  28. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (31 January 2013). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī: "The Seven Facts"".
  29. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (15 June 2013). "New audio-visual message from the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Shām's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī: "So Fight Them, Verily They Are Polytheists"".
  30. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (20 June 2013). "New audio-visual message from the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Shām's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "Ignore Them and Their False Allegations"".
  31. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (30 July 2013). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Shām's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "They Will Not Harm You Except For [Some] Annoyance"".
  32. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (30 August 2013). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Shām's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "'Peaceful' Is Whose Religion?"".
  33. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (30 September 2013). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Shām's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "May God Be With You, Oh the Oppressed State"".
  34. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (8 January 2014). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from Islamic State of Iraq and al-Shām's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī: "The Scout Doesn't Lie To His People"".
  35. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (7 March 2014). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Shām's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "Then We Pray For God's Curse to Be On the Liars"".
  36. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (3 April 2014). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Shām's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "He Will Surely Establish For Them [Therein] Their Religion Which He Has Preferred For Them"".
  37. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (17 April 2014). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Shām's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "This is Not Our Manhaj, Nor Will It Ever Be"".
  38. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (11 May 2014). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Shām's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "Sorry Amīr of al-Qā'idah"".
  39. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (11 June 2014). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Shām's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "The Good That Has Happened To You Is From God"".
  40. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (29 June 2014). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "This Is the Promise Of God"".
  41. ^ "Islamic State spokesman again threatens West in new speech - The Long War Journal". 21 September 2014.
  42. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (26 January 2015). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "Say, 'Die In Your Rage'"".
  43. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (13 March 2015). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "So They Kill and Are Killed"".
  44. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (24 June 2015). "al-Furqān Media presents a new audio message from the Islamic State's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "Oh Our People, Respond to the Messenger of God"".
  45. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (13 October 2015). "New audio message from The Islamic State's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "Say To Those Who Disbelieve"".
  46. ^ Zelin, Aaron Y. (21 May 2016). "New audio message from The Islamic State's Shaykh Abū Muḥammad al 'Adnānī al-Shāmī: "And Those Who Lived [In Faith] Would Live Upon Evidence"".
  47. ^ Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (24 January 2016). "An Account of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi & Islamic State Succession Lines".
  48. ^ "ISIS audio urges Muslims everywhere to kill 'unbelievers'". CBC News. 21 September 2014. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  49. ^ Bayoumy, Yara (20 September 2014). "Isis urges more attacks on Western 'disbelievers'". The Independent. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  50. ^ Schmitt, Eric; Barnard, Anne (August 30, 2016). "Senior ISIS Strategist and Spokesman Is Reported Killed in Syria". The New York Times.
  51. ^ Stewart, Angus Mcdowall (31 August 2016). "Key Islamic State leader killed in apparent U.S. strike in Syria". Reuters. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  52. ^ Roth, Andrew; Sly, Liz; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (2016-08-31). "Russian military claims it killed senior ISIS strategist". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2016-09-01. Retrieved 2024-04-08.
  53. ^ "Senior ISIS leader, spokesman Adnani killed, reports say". Fox News. 30 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  54. ^ "US doubts Russia's claim it killed ISIS spokesman". CNN. 31 August 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  55. ^ "Russia's claim it killed Islamic State's Adnani 'a joke': U.S. officials". MSN News. Archived from the original on 2016-09-01. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  56. ^ ISIS Says No. 2 Leader Abu Muhammad al-Adnani Is Dead in Syria. Robert Windrem and Tracy Connor. NBC News. 31 August 2016.
  57. ^ "Pentagon confirms it killed senior ISIS leader Abu Muhammad al-Adnani". Fox News. 12 September 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  58. ^ SITE (5 September 2016). "In New Magazine 'Rumiyah,' IS Calls for Lone-Wolf Attacks in Australia, West". news.siteintelgroup.com. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
  59. ^ Feras Hanoush (31 August 2016), "Who Was the ISIS Propaganda Chief Killed by a U.S. Airstrike?", Newsweek. Retrieved 11 June 2019.
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