In France, various types of institution have the term "University" in their name. These include the public universities, which are the autonomous institutions that are distinguished as being state institutes of higher education and research that practice open admissions, and that are designated with the label "Université" by the French ministry of Higher Education and Research.[1] These also include the communities of universities and institutions (COMUEs), which are degree-granting federated groups of universities and other institutes of higher education. The COMUEs replace the earlier Pôles de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur (PRES), which were groupings of universities and institutes of higher education that existed from 2007 to 2013. As opposed to the PRES, the COMUEs can grant degrees in their own names.
Other types of French university-like institutions can be found in the list of colleges and universities in France; these include the national polytechnic institutes, the grandes écoles (among which are the three universities of technology), and private universities, such as the Catholic universities, the Protestant universities, the private secular universities, and the American University of Paris.
List of public universities in France
editAs of 16 February 2021,[update] there are 67 public universities in France:[2]
List of communities of universities and institutions (COMUEs) in France
editAs of 5 May 2021, there are eight university groups known as COMUEs, or communities of universities and institutions, in France:[3]
List of historical or other universities
editHistorically, France has had city-wide public university systems:[4]
- University of Clermont-Ferrand
- University of Paris
- University of Grenoble
- University of Lyon
- Centre universitaire de formation et de recherche de Mayotte
- University of Rennes
- Université européenne de Bretagne
- Louis Pasteur University (now part of the University of Strasbourg)
- Marc Bloch University (now part of the University of Strasbourg)
- Robert Schuman University (now part of the University of Strasbourg)
- University of Toulouse
- UniverSud Paris
- Lille 1, Lille 2, Lille 3 (now part of the University of Lille)
See also
editNotes and references
edit- ^ "Principal establishments of higher education". French Ministry of Higher Education and Research. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ^ "Principaux établissements d'enseignement supérieur". French Ministry of Higher Education and Research. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
- ^ "Fédérations - Communautés d'universités et établissements". French Ministry of Higher Education and Research. 5 May 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
- ^ French public universities in some cities are commonly spoken of as being multiple campuses of a larger city university system. For instance, the University of Paris system is said to be composed of 13 campuses, Paris I through Paris XIII, and this was the case in 1970. However, this view no longer reflects the reality as of 2007, which is of largely autonomous universities that fall under the academies in ways that do not necessarily respect the old groupings. To take the Paris example, three universities that bear the University of Paris name, Paris VIII, Paris XII, and Paris XIII, are in fact in the Academy of Créteil, and two others, Paris X and Paris XI, are in the Academy of Versailles, whereas the University of Marne la Vallée, which does not have a University of Paris campus number, is governed by the Academy of Paris.