Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski (1 December 1734 – 19 March 1823) was an influential Polish[1] aristocrat, writer, literary and theater critic, linguist, traveller and statesman. He was a great patron of arts and a candidate for the Polish crown. He was educated in England and after his return to Poland in 1758, he became a member of the Sejm (parliament), Crown General of Podolia and Marshal of General Confederation of Kingdom of Poland.[2][3]
Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski | |
|---|---|
 Official portrait by Józef Peszka, 1791 | |
| Born | 1 December 1734 Gdańsk (Danzig), Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |
| Died | 19 March 1823 (aged 88) Sieniawa, Austrian Empire |
| Noble family | Czartoryski |
| Spouse(s) | Izabella Czartoryska née Fleming |
| Issue | Teresa Czartoryska Maria Anna Czartoryska Adam Jerzy Czartoryski Konstanty Adam Czartoryski Zofia Czartoryska Gabriela Czartoryska |
| Father | August Aleksander Czartoryski |
| Mother | Maria Zofia Sieniawska |
Biography
editEarly life
editHe was the son of Prince August Aleksander Czartoryski, voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodeship, and Maria Zofia Sieniawska. He married Izabela Fleming on 18 November 1761, in Wołczyn, Poland.
Political career
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A member of the Familia, in 1763 he declined to be a candidate for the Polish crown, preferring instead to be a patron of the arts, and withdrawing in favor of Stanisław August Poniatowski.[4] With his wife, Izabela Czartoryska, he created at the Czartoryski Palace in Puławy a major center of Polish intellectual and political life.
He served from 1758 as general starost of Podolia.[4] Founder of the "Little Monitor", in 1765 he co-founded the Monitor, the leading periodical of the Polish Enlightenment. In 1766 he reorganized the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[4] In 1767 he joined the Radom Confederation.[4] In 1768 he became the commander of the School of Chivalry (Corps of Cadets).[4] In 1788-1792 he was Deputy from Lublin to the "Four-Year Sejm."[4] Drawing closer to the king once again, he became a leader of the Patriotic Party and co-founder of Poland's Commission of National Education.[4] He supported the Polish Constitution of 3 May 1791, and headed a diplomatic mission to Dresden, attempting to convince Frederick Augustus III, Elector of Saxony to support the Commonwealth and accept its throne (after Poniatowski's future death).[4] He refused to join the Targowica Confederation established to bring the Constitution down.
He received the Order of the White Eagle on 25 November 1764.
He was Marshal of the Convocation Sejm of 7 May - 23 June 1764, and of the Extraordinary Sejm of 26–28 June 1812, held in Warsaw.[4] Thus he became Marshal of General Confederation of Kingdom of Poland.
Remembrance
editHe is one of the figures immortalized in Jan Matejko's 1891 painting, Constitution of May 3, 1791.
Awards
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- Order of the White Eagle (25 November 1764)
- Order of Saint Stanisław
- Order of St. Andrew (1762)
- Order of St. Anna
- Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Austria) (1808)
Works
editCzartoryski was an author of numerous comedies and plays.[4] He has also written a critical essay on contemporary Polish literature, Myśli o pismach polskich [Thoughts on Polish Writings] (1810).[5]
- Panna na wydaniu (1771).
- Katechizm kadecki (The Cadet's Catechism, 1774).
- Kawa (Coffee, 1779).
- Myśli o pismach polskich [Thoughts on Polish Writings] (1810).
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Czartoryski Adam Kazimierz - Encyklopedia - Onet.pl Portal wiedzy". Archived from the original on 2006-05-24.
- ^ "Adam Kazimierz, Prince Czartoryski | Polish prince". 15 March 2024.
- ^ "Szkolne Schronisko Młodzieżowe w Puławach".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jacek Jędruch (1998). Constitutions, elections, and legislatures of Poland, 1493–1977: a guide to their history. EJJ Books. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-7818-0637-4. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
- ^ Jan IJ. van der Meer (2002). Literary activities and attitudes in the Stanislavian age in Poland (1764-1795): a social system?. Rodopi. p. 126. ISBN 978-90-420-0933-2. Retrieved 23 October 2011.