Admiral Gardner was launched in 1797 as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). She made five voyages for the EIC, during the fourth of which she participated in an inconclusive single-ship action with a French privateer. Admiral Gardner was wrecked in January 1809. The wreck is a Protected Wreck managed by Historic England. She was named after Admiral Alan Gardner.
| History | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} Great Britain | |
| Name | Admiral Gardner |
| Owner | John Woolmore |
| Operator | British East India Company |
| Builder | Melhuish, Limehouse (sub-contracted from Perry, Blackwall)[1] |
| Launched | 12 April 1797[1] |
| Fate | Wrecked 25 January 1809 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 813,[2] or 816 [3] or 852[4] (bm) |
| Length | 145 ft 8 in (44.4 m) (overall); 118 ft 3+1⁄2 in (36.1 m) (keel)[3] |
| Beam | 36 ft 2+1⁄2 in (11.0 m)[3] |
| Depth of hold | 14 ft 10 in (4.5 m)[3] |
| Propulsion | Sail |
| Complement | |
| Armament | |
| Notes | Three decks |
Career
editEIC voyage #1 (1797-1799): Captain Edward Chapman Bradford acquired a letter of marque on 10 June 1797.[4] He sailed from Torbay on 22 September 1797, bound for Bengal and Bencoolen. Admiral Gardner reached Kedgeree on 16 February 1798. On 27 June she reached Bencoolen, and by 11 August was back at Kedgeree. She was at Saugor on 24 September, and Bencoolen again on 5 November. Homeward bound, Admiral Gardner reached St Helena on 27 March 1799. Admiral Gardner returned to St Helena on 24 April. She arrived back at Blackwall on 4 August.[3]
EIC voyage #2 (1801-1802): Captain Bradford sailed from Portsmouth on 31 March 1801, bound for Madras and China. Admiral Gardner reached Madras on 26 July. She was at Penang on 28 August and arrived at Whampoa Anchorage on 6 October. Homeward bound, she reached St Helena on 12 April 1802 and arrived at Blackwall on 12 July.[3]
EIC voyage #3 (1803-1804): Captain Bradford sailed from the Downs on 1 February 1803, bound for Madras and Bengal. On 12 February Admiral Gardner was at Madeira. She reached the Cape of Good Hope on 23 April and Madras 13 June; she arrived at Diamond Harbour on 22 July. The next day Bradford acquired a letter of marque.[4] Homeward bound, Admiral Gardner was at Saugor on 7 November, reached St Helena on 12 March 1804, and arrived at Blackwall on 11 June.[3]
EIC voyage #4 (1805-1806): Captain George Saltwell acquired a letter of marque on 21 January 1805.[4] He sailed from Portsmouth on 25 April 1805, bound for St Helena and Madras.[3] On 28 November, at 6°4′N 93°25′E / 6.067°N 93.417°E,[5] Admiral Gardner encountered a French privateer of 32 guns. A single-ship action ensued in which the French vessel was able to damage Admiral Gardner's rigging. The privateer did not press the attack and by the next day she had disappeared. Admiral Gardner had 10 men wounded, three severely.[a]
On 4 December Admiral Gardner reached Madras. Homeward bound, she was at Colombo on 21 February 1806, reached St Helena on 14 May, and arrived at Blackwall on 1 August.[3]
On 4 August the East India Docks opened. In the celebration of the opening, the lead vessel to enter was the Trinity yacht, the yacht belonging to Trinity House. The next vessel was Admiral Gardner, chosen in recognition of her defense against the privateer. She was to have been third, after Earl Camden, Commodore Nathaniel Dance's flagship at the Battle of Pulo Aura, but adverse winds prevented Earl Camden's arrival.[7]
EIC voyage #5 (1807-1808): Captain William John Eastfield acquired a letter of marque on 30 December 1806.[4] He sailed from Portsmouth on 26 February 1807, bound for Madras and Bengal. Admiral Gardner reached Madras on 3 July and Kedgeree on 21 July, and arrived at Diamond Harbour on 26 July. Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 16 September, Madras on 22 October, and the cape on 30 December. She reached St Helena on 25 January 1808, and arrived at Blackwall on 28 April.[3]
Fate
edit
On 24 January 1809, Captain Eastfield sailed from the Downs, bound for Madras and Bengal, at the start of Admiral Gardner's sixth voyage for the EIC. The next day Admiral Gardner was lost on the Goodwin Sands off South Foreland when a gale tore her from her moorings. Three (or five) crew drowned.[9][10]
Lost with Admiral Gardner was her cargo, a large number of EIC X and XX copper cash coins, belonging to Matthew Boulton.[11] The EIC put the value of its cargo at £21,579.[2]
The same gale also wrecked Britannia, and the brig Apollo.[b] Boatmen from Deal were able to rescue almost the entire crew from Admiral Gardner. Boatmen from Ramsgate and Broadstairs saved most of the crew of Britannia, but only one man from the brig.[10]
A few days later Lloyd's List reported that all three wrecked vessels had gone to pieces.[12]
Rediscovery
editThe wreck of Admiral Gardner was found in 1984 and some coins were salvaged in 1985 during a licensed dive. The wreck was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act on 2 May 1985 and redesignated to extend the area covered on 5 October 2004.
Notes
edit- ^ There is some ambiguity concerning the privateer's identity. A letter from Saltwell states that he later found out that the privateer was Jeune Adèle.[6] However the only record of a Jeune Adèle in 1804 has her as a schooner operating out of Guadeloupe. Other accounts report that the privateer was Bellone.[7] By one account, Saltwell dressed some of his seamen as soldiers, and rigged anti-boarding nets. Bellone's captain later told another EIC captain that given Admiral Gardner's preparations and resistance, he had veered off because he did not wish to risk his own vessel being crippled. Bellone had 36 guns and 200 men to Admiral Gardner's 26 guns and 120 men.[8] The description of Bellone and the locus of the engagement are more consistent with the privateer being Bellone.
- ^ Apollo, Ridall, master, was on a voyage from London to Curacoa. Only one man of her crew of 20 survived.[9]
Citations
edit- ^ a b Hackman (2001), p. 56.
- ^ a b House of Commons (1830), p. 977.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j British Library: Admiral Gardner.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Letter of Marque, p.47 - accessed 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
- ^ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 4052. 13 May 1806. hdl:2027/uc1.c2735022.
- ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 15, pp.457-8.
- ^ a b Monthly Magazine, (1 September 1806), Vol. 22, p.204.
- ^ Biden (1830), p. 214.
- ^ a b Lloyd's List №4322.
- ^ a b Grocott (1997), pp. 273–4.
- ^ "The loss of the Admiral Gardner". Shoho mint. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
- ^ Lloyd's List №4324.
References
edit- Biden, Christopher (1830). Naval Discipline : Subordination Contrasted with Insubordination: Or, A View of the Necessity for Passing a Law Establishing an Efficient Naval Discipline on Board Ships in the Merchant-service ... J.M. Richardson.
- Grocott, Terence (1997). Shipwrecks of the Revolutionary & Napoleonic Eras. London: Chatham. ISBN 1861760302.
- Hackman, Rowan (2001). Ships of the East India Company. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-96-7.
- House of Commons, Parliament, Great Britain (1830). Reports from the Select Committee of the House of Commons appointed to enquire into the present state of the affairs of the East India Company, together with the minutes of evidence, an appendix of documents, and a general index. Vol. 2. Printed by order of the honourable court of directors, by J.L. Cox.
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