Keisuke Okada

Okada Keisuke (岡田 啓介, Okada Keisuke, 20 January 1868 – 7 October 1952) was a Japanese admiral and statesman who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1934 to 1936.

Okada Keisuke
岡田 啓介
Prime Minister of Japan
In office 8 July 1934 – 9 March 1936
Monarch	Hirohito
Preceded by	Saitō Makoto
Succeeded by	Hirota Kōki
Minister of the Imperial Japanese Navy
In office 26 May 1932 – 9 January 1933
Prime Minister	Saitō Makoto
Preceded by	Ōsumi Mineo
Succeeded by	Ōsumi Mineo
In office 20 April 1927 – 2 July 1929
Prime Minister	Tanaka Giichi
Preceded by	Takarabe Takeshi
Succeeded by	Takarabe Takeshi
Personal details
Born	(1868-01-20)20 January 1868 Fukui, Japan
Died	7 October 1952(1952-10-07) (aged 84)
Political party	Independent
Alma mater	Imperial Japanese Naval Academy
Profession	Admiral
Signature

Born to a samurai family in the Fukui Domain, Okada became an officer Imperial Japanese Navy and served during the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War. After reaching the rank of Admiral, he served as minister of the navy under Prime Minister Giichi Tanaka from 1927 to 1929 and under Prime Minister Makoto Saito from 1932 to 1933.

Okada was appointed prime minister to succeed Saito in 1934. A moderate who attempted to restrain the rise of militarism, Okada was among those targeted by a group of rebel officers in the February 26 incident of 1936. Okada narrowly survived, but resigned in the aftermath of the incident.

As a senior statesman during the Pacific War, Okada was a central figure in efforts to oust Prime Minister Hideki Tojo and seek peace with the allies.

Biography

Early life

Okada was born on 20 January 1868, in Fukui Prefecture, the son of a samurai of the Fukui Domain. He attended the 15th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, graduating 7th out of a class of 80 cadets in 1889. He served as a midshipman on the ironclad warship Kongō and the cruiser Naniwa. He was commissioned an ensign on 9 July 1890. He later served as lieutenant on the Itsukushima and Takachiho as well as the corvette Hiei.

In the First Sino-Japanese War, Okada served on the Fuji. After his graduation from the Naval Staff College, he subsequently served on the Shikishima and as executive officer on the Yaeyama. He was promoted to lieutenant on 9 December 1894, to lieutenant commander on 29 September 1899 and to commander on 13 July 1904.

During the Russo-Japanese War, Okada served as executive officer on a successor of vessels, including the Chitose, Kasuga and Asahi. He was promoted to captain on 25 September 1908 and given his own command, the Kasuga on 25 July 1910. He later transferred to the Kashima in 1912.

Promoted to rear admiral on 1 December 1913, Okada served in a number of desk jobs thereafter, including that of the Naval Shipbuilding Command. He was promoted to vice admiral on 1 December 1917 and to full admiral on 11 June 1924.

Okada assumed the post of Commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet in 1924. In 1927, he became Minister of Navy in the administration of Tanaka Giichi, but resigned in 1929 to assume the post of military councillor on the Supreme War Council.

Okada was one of the few supporters (Treaty Faction) within the upper ranks of the Imperial Japanese Navy of the arms reduction treaty resulting from the London Naval Treaty of 1930, which he helped negotiate and worked hard for its ratification. He again served as Navy Minister in the Saitō Makoto cabinet of 1932.

Okada entered the reserves on 21 January 1933 and retired five years later.

Okada (left) and Denzō Matsuo

Political career

In July 1934, Okada was named Prime Minister of Japan holding simultaneously the portfolio of Minister of Colonial Affairs. In the month of September 1935, he also briefly held the portfolio of Minister of Post and Telecommunications. Okada was one of the democratic and moderate voices against the increasing strength of the militarists, and was therefore a major target for extremist forces pushing for a more totalitarian Japan. He narrowly escaped assassination in the February 26 Incident of 1936, largely because rebel troops killed Colonel Denzō Matsuo, brother-in-law as well as personal secretary of Okada's, by misidentifying him as the prime minister. Okada emerged from hiding on 29 February 1936. However, he left office a few days later.

Okada was adamant in his opposition to the war with the United States. During World War II, Okada formed a group of like-minded politicians and military officers seeking an early end to the hostilities. After the defeat of Japanese forces at the Battle of Midway and Battle of Guadalcanal, Okada pushed for negotiations with the Allies, and played a leading role in the overthrow of the Hideki Tōjō cabinet in 1944.

Okada died in 1952, and his grave is at the Tama Reien Cemetery, in Fuchū, Tokyo.

Honors

Podpułkownik Wacław Jędrzejewicz awards Admiral Keisuke Okada with VMs (1928).

From the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia

• Order of the Golden Kite, (3rd class) (1915)
• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1920)
• Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers (1933)
• Knight's Cross of the War Order of Virtuti Militari (No. 128) (Poland, 1928)
• Golden Cross of the War Order of Virtuti Militari (No. 539) (Poland, 1928)

See also

• Okada Cabinet

References

• Bix, Herbert P. (2001). Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-06-019314-0; OCLC 247018161
• Brendon, Piers (2002). The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s. Vintage; Reprint edition. ISBN 0-375-70808-1.
• Gordon, Andrew (2003). A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa Times to the Present. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511061-7.
• Jansen, Marius B (2002). The Making of Modern Japan. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674003347; OCLC 44090600

External links

• Nishida, Hiroshi. "Materials of IJN: Okada, Keisuke". Imperial Japanese Navy. Archived from the original on 2013-01-04. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
• Newspaper clippings about Keisuke Okada in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW