Aeshna,[2] or the mosaic darners, is a genus of dragonflies from the family Aeshnidae. Species within this genus are generally known as "hawkers" (Old World) or "darners" (New World).
| Aeshna | |
|---|---|
| |
| Southern hawker (Aeshna cyanea) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Odonata |
| Infraorder: | Anisoptera |
| Family: | Aeshnidae |
| Subfamily: | Aeshninae |
| Genus: | Aeshna Fabricius, 1775[1] |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Phulchowki, Nepal
Phulchowki, Nepal
Description
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These are relatively large dragonflies. Their thoraces and abdomens are brown in color, with blue or yellow stripes or spots on the thorax, and yellow, blue or green spots on the abdomen.
Natalia von Ellenrieder's 2003 paper demonstrated that the Holarctic and Neotropical species placed in this genus did not share a common ancestor, and proposed the latter be placed in the genus Rhionaeschna.
The name Aeshna was coined by the Danish entomologist Fabricius in the 18th century. The name may have resulted from a printer's error in spelling the Greek Aechma, "a spear".[3] The spelling Aeschna has been intermittently used over a period of time, but is now abandoned for the original name Aeshna. However, derived genus names (such as Rhionaeschna) retain the 'sch' spelling, as this is how they were first cited.
Species
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Many species formerly included in Aeshna have been split into other genera, including Afroaeschna, Andaeschna, Pinheyschna, Rhionaeschna, and Zosteraeschna.[4]
The genus Aeshna includes these species:[4]
- Aeshna affinis Van der Linden, 1820 – southern migrant hawker,[5] blue-eyed hawker[2]
- †Aeshna andancensis Nel & Brisac, 1994[6]
- Aeshna athalia Needham, 1930
- Aeshna caerulea (Ström, 1783) – azure hawker[5]
- Aeshna canadensis Walker, 1908 – Canada darner[7]
- Aeshna clepsydra Say, 1839 – mottled darner[7]
- Aeshna constricta Say, 1839 – lance-tipped darner[7]
- Aeshna crenata Hagen, 1856 – Siberian hawker[2]
- Aeshna cyanea (Müller, 1764) – blue hawker,[2] southern hawker[5]
- Aeshna eremita Scudder, 1866 – lake darner[7]
- Aeshna frontalis Navás, 1936
- Aeshna grandis (Linnaeus, 1758) – brown hawker[5]
- Aeshna interrupta Walker, 1908 – variable darner[7]
- Aeshna isoceles – Norfolk Hawker
- Aeshna juncea (Linnaeus, 1758) – common hawker,[5] sedge darner,[7] moorland hawker[2]
- Aeshna mixta Latreille, 1805 – migrant hawker[5]
- Aeshna palmata Hagen, 1856 – paddle-tailed darner[7]
- Aeshna persephone Donnelly, 1961 – Persephone's darner[7]
- Aeshna petalura Martin, 1909
- Aeshna septentrionalis Burmeister, 1839 – azure darner[7]
- Aeshna serrata Hagen, 1856 – Baltic hawker[2]
- Aeshna shennong Zhang & Cai, 2014
- Aeshna sitchensis Hagen, 1861 – zigzag darner[7]
- Aeshna subarctica Walker, 1908 – bog hawker,[2] subarctic darner[8]
- Aeshna tuberculifera Walker, 1908 – black-tipped darner[7]
- Aeshna umbrosa Walker, 1908 – shadow darner[7]
- Aeshna vercanica Schneider, Schneider, Schneider, Verstraete & Dumont, 2015
- Aeshna verticalis Hagen, 1861 – green-striped darner[7]
- Aeshna viridis Eversmann, 1836 – green hawker[2]
- Aeshna walkeri Kennedy, 1917 – Walker's darner[7]
- Aeshna williamsoniana Calvert, 1905 – Williamson's darner[9]
References
edit- ^ Fabricius, J.C. (1775). "V. Vnogata". Systema Entomologiae, sistens Insectorum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, adiectis Synonymis, Locis, Descriptionibus, Observationibus (in Latin). Flensburg & Leipzig: Kortius. pp. 420–426 [424]. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.36510.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Checklist, English common names". DragonflyPix.com. Archived from the original on 4 December 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
- ^ "Dragonflies of the Family Aeshnidae in British Columbia" (PDF). Retrieved 25 August 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Paulson, D.; Schorr, M.; Abbott, J.; Bota-Sierra, C.; Deliry, C.; Dijkstra, K.-D.; Lozano, F. (2024). "World Odonata List". OdonataCentral, University of Alabama.
- ^ a b c d e f "Checklist of UK Species". British Dragonfly Society. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
- ^ Nel, A.; Brisac, P. (1994). "Names; Les Aeshnidae fossiles: Etat actuel des connaissances (Odonata, Anisoptera)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 194 (2/3): 143–186. doi:10.1127/njgpa/194/1994/143. S2CID 247527646.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "North American Odonata". University of Puget Sound. 2009. Archived from the original on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
- ^ "Subarctic Darner". Montana Field Guide. Archived from the original on 28 August 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
- ^ von Ellenrieder, N.; Paulson, D. (2006). "Aeshna williamsoniana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006: e.T564A13063036. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T564A13063036.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
External links
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- Aeshna, BugGuide
- Corbet, P. S. 1999. Dragonflies: Behavior and Ecology of Odonata. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA, 829pp.
- von Ellenrieder, N., 2003. A synopsis of the Neotropical species of 'Aeshna' Fabricius: the genus Rhionaeschna Förster (Odonata: Aeshnidae). - Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 146 (1): 67-207.