An Afghan is a traditional New Zealand[1][2][3] biscuit made from flour, butter, cornflakes, sugar and cocoa powder, topped with chocolate icing and a half walnut. The recipe[4] has a high proportion of butter, and relatively low sugar, and no leavening (rising agent), giving it a soft, dense and rich texture, with crunchiness from the cornflakes, rather than from a high sugar content. The high butter content gives a soft melt-in-the-mouth texture, and the sweetness of the icing offsets the low sugar and the cocoa bitterness.[citation needed]
 | |
| Type | Biscuit |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | New Zealand |
| Main ingredients | flour, butter, sugar, cornflakes, cocoa powder, chocolate icing, walnut |
Name
editDespite its name, the biscuit's place of origin is thought to be New Zealand. A recipe in The Timaru Herald for "Afghans" (minus the icing and walnut) dates from 1934,[5] and an otherwise identical "Chocolate Cornflakes" biscuit recipe, complete with icing and walnut, was in the same publication of the previous year.[6]
There are many theories in circulation about the origin of the name "Afghan", ranging from the First Anglo-Afghan War to the biscuit's texture and colour being likened to the landscape of Afghanistan, [7][8] while one theory suggests it was named after the traditional Afghan hat, the pakol.[9][10][11] In the wake of the George Floyd protests, the manufacturer of the commercially produced version of biscuit, Griffin's Foods announced in June 2020 that they would rename the product. In a statement issued by the company, it noted that the name of the biscuit was possibly a reference to the colour of "Afghan brown", which could possibly reference the dark skin of Afghan people. Although they acknowledged "there are other theories in circulation", this caused a debate over the name. The decision came amidst a wave of name changes in New Zealand over foodstuffs with names deemed racist or otherwise culturally offensive by some.[12] The biscuit was eventually renamed "Milk Chocolate Roughs" by Griffin's, which advertised the renaming with a new slogan: "Same bikkie. New name."[13] However, the name "Afghan" is still the one used by other companies.[14]
Ingredients and recipe
editAccording to the Edmonds Cookery Book, a batch of 24 afghans is made by combining 200 g (7 oz) butter, 115 g (4 oz) white sugar, 160 g (6 oz) all-purpose flour, 25 g (1 oz) cocoa powder, and 50 g (2 oz) cornflakes.[15][16] Tablespoon-sized balls of the mixture are formed, placed on a greased baking tray, and baked at 180 °C (360 °F) for around 15 minutes. Once the biscuits are cooled, they are iced with chocolate icing and the half-walnut placed on top.[15] The Edmonds recipe has changed over the years; for example, the 24th De Luxe (1987) edition of the cookbook only called for 75 g (3 oz) of sugar.[17]
Some variations on the recipe exist; crushed Weet-Bix may be substituted for cornflakes, for instance.[18][19]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Timothy G. Roufs, ed. (2014). Sweet Treats around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. ISBN 9781610692212. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- ^ "Afghan Biscuits, Isle of Capri Tomatoes and Broken Heart Gin". Asia Sentinel. 7 March 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ^ Tran, Mark (7 July 2016). "From bovver to budgie smugglers: the latest entries to the OED". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
- ^ p.18, Edmonds Cookery Book, De Luxe Edition, Edmonds Food Industries Ltd. 1955
- ^ "TO-DAY'S RECIPE". Timaru Herald. Vol. 138, no. 19883. 21 August 1934. p. 12. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ "TO-DAY'S RECIPE". Timaru Herald. Vol. 137, no. 19590. 9 September 1933. p. 3. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ^ Bilton, Jan (16 June 2011). "Kiwiana bakes". Stuff. Archived from the original on 2019-02-16. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ "The Cherished Kiwi Cookie With a Mysterious Past". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 2020-09-23.
- ^ "Café renames Afghan biscuit in light of racist history". Māori Television. Retrieved 2021-08-24.
- ^ "More NZ treats renamed over racist overtones". Otago Daily Times Online News. 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2020-09-23.
- ^ "New Zealand treats renamed over racist overtones". RNZ. 2020-06-24. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
- ^ "Pascall Eskimos lollies changes name to Kiwi-inspired 'Explorers' after racist undertones". NZHerald.co.nz. 8 March 2021. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
- ^ "Griffin's: Our Biscuits". Archived from the original on 2020-10-16. Retrieved 2020-10-16.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "New Zealand treats renamed over racist overtones". RNZ. 2020-06-24. Retrieved 2022-04-14.
- ^ a b "Afghans". edmondscooking.co.nz. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
- ^ "Weights & Measures". edmondscooking.co.nz. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
- ^ Edmonds Cookery Book (24th De Luxe ed.). 1987. p. 16.
- ^ "Afghan Biscuit Recipe". www.chelsea.co.nz. Archived from the original on 2014-12-24. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
- ^ Gofton, Allyson. "Afghans". www.allysongofton.co.nz. Archived from the original on 2013-02-10. Retrieved 2021-06-02.