Agnes, or Agneta Block (29 October 1629, Emmerich am Rhein – 20 April 1704, Amsterdam) was a Dutch art collector and horticulturalist. She is most remembered as the compiler of an album of flower and insect paintings and as one of the first Europeans to successfully cultivate and fruit the pineapple outside of its native habitat.[1]
Life
editAgneta Block was the daughter of a successful Mennonite textile merchant. She first married Hans de Wolff (1613–1670), a silk merchant, in Amsterdam in 1649, and after he died, in 1674 she remarried in Amsterdam Sijbrand de Flines (1623–1697). In Amsterdam, she lived on the Herengracht close to Joost van den Vondel, who became a regular visitor at her house.[2] Vondel had married Mayken de Wolff, who was the sister of Agnes's first husband's father. This elderly uncle ate at her house on Fridays, and is probably one of her greatest influences.[3]
Vijverhof
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After the death of her first husband, Agneta bought a country estate on the Vecht river in Loenen, which she proceeded to decorate with a large collection of curiosities, and developed the gardens of her estate, which were planted with exotic plants. She enjoyed drawing and painting in water colors, and her garden lent itself to this hobby. She is registered as an artist with the Dutch Institute of Art History as a papercut artist and painter, but no works survive.[4] To embellish her albums, she hired artists to paint for her albums. Unfortunately, her collection, and the garden have not survived, but research has revealed many of the original pages of her three albums in the albums of later collectors.
Alida Withoos was - with her brother Pieter Withoos - one of the many artists from Hoorn who painted plants while in residence at Vijverhof. Agnes Block's stepson owned a summer house in Purmerend, near Hoorn. Other painters from Hoorn were Johannes Bronkhorst, Herman Henstenburgh, and a friend of Alida's father, Otto Marseus van Schrieck.[3]
Painters from other cities who lived at Vijverhof and made contributions were Maria Sibylla Merian, her daughter Johanna Helena Herolts-Graff, Pieter Holsteyn II, Nicolaas Juweel (Rotterdam, 1639 - Rotterdam, 1704), Jan Moninckx, Maria Moninckx, Herman Saftleven, Rochus van Veen, Marino Benaglia Venetiano, and Nicolaes de Vree.[5]
As well as being a patron of the arts Block was also keen amateur botanist.[6][7] She also kept and likely studied exotic birds.[8] Block was in regular correspondence with other horticulturalists such as Jan Commelin.
Personal life
editReferences
edit- ^ Van Dyk, Garritt (2022). "Plants as Luxury Foods". In Milam, Jennifer (Ed.). A Cultural History of Plants in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Vol. 4. London: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 51-68. ISBN 9781474273497. OCLC 1402246090.
- ^ Biography Agnes Block in 1001 Vrouwen uit de Nederlandse geschiedenis
- ^ a b Alida Withoos and her work - Digital exhibitions of Bibliotheek Wageningen UR
- ^ Agnes Block in the RKD
- ^ L. Missel, ‘Agnes Blok en Vijverhof’, in: Vrouwen in de botanie en kunst
- ^ Powell, Catherine (2020-12-20). "Locating Early Modern Women's Participation in the Public Sphere of Botany: Agnes Block (1629-1704) and Networks in Print". Early Modern Low Countries. 4 (2): 234–258. doi:10.18352/emlc.147. ISSN 2543-1587.
- ^ Powell-Warren, C., 2022. Pineapple lady: expertise and exoticism in Agnes Block's self-representation as Flora Batava. In: LEIS, A. (editor), Women, collecting, and cultures beyond Europe, pp. 95–99. New York.
- ^ a b Deniz Martinez (October 2023). "The ornithology of Agnes Block (1629–1704): Dutch naturalist, artist, collector and patron". Archives of Natural History. 50 (2): 265–276. doi:10.3366/ANH.2023.0860. ISSN 0260-9541. Wikidata Q126077675.
External links
edit- Biography of Alida Withoos in 1001 Vrouwen uit de Nederlandse geschiedenis
- Konstboeck Website of Wageningen university with period illustrations of plants, some of which came from Agnes Block's collection
- Information over Vijverhof in Dutch
- Website of the Netherlands Institute for Ecology showing an old print of Vijverhof
- Print of Vijverhof showing the owner in 1710 in the website of the Utrecht archives
