Ahmad ibn Ishaq Ash'ari Qomi (Persian: احمد بن اسحاق اشعری قمی, died between 874 and 877 CE) was one of the most trusted hadith narrators of the Shiites. He is said to have been a delegate (wafid) from Qom to al-Askari. It is also said that al-Hadi paid Ahmad's debts worth thirty-thousand dinars.[3] He met the last four Shiite Imams (Muhammad al-Jawad, Ali al-Hadi, Hasan al-Askari and Muhammad al-Mahdi) and was one of their companions and the agent of the 11th Shiite Imam.[4][5][1]
Ahmad ibn Ishaq Ash'ari Qomi | |
|---|---|
احمد بن اسحاق اشعری قمی | |
| Born | |
| Died | between 874 and 877 CE[1][2] Hulwan, Iran |
| Burial place | His tomb in Sarpol-e Zahab, Iran |
| Nationality | Iranian |
| Occupation(s) | Religious agent, Hadith scholar |
| Parent | Ishaq ibn Abdullah ibn Sa'd (father) |
His tomb is located in Sarpol-e Zahab, Kermanshah Province, Iran. The international congress in his honor was held in March 2011 and while issuing his stamp, the reconstruction of his tomb began.[6][7]
Genealogy
editAhmad ibn Ishaq Ash'ari Qomi is from the Al-Ashari family. His lineage is as follows: Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn Abdullah ibn Sa'd ibn Malik al-Ahwas al-Ash'ari. His kunya or teknonymy was Abu Ali.[8]
His ancestors were from the Ash'ari tribe who lived in the city of Kufa. His fourth forefather, Ahwas ibn Sa'il al-Ash'ari, in 739 CE, took part in the uprising of Zayd ibn Ali and took command of his corps, and after Zayd's martyrdom, he was arrested. After four years of imprisonment in Hajjaj prison, he was released through the intercession of his brother Abdullah, then they emigrated to Qom and forming the Ash'ari tribe of Qom.[9][10]
His father, Ishaq ibn Abdullah ibn Sa'd, was one of the most trusted hadith narrators in Qom and narrated from Ja'far al-Sadiq and Musa al-Kadhim.[11]
Companion of three Imams
editAccording to Shiite scholars, Ahmad ibn Ishaq was one of the companions of Muhammad al-Jawad (the ninth of the twelve Imams) and Ali al-Hadi (the tenth of the twelve Imams) and one of the close companions of Hasan al-Askari (the eleventh of the twelve Imams) and narrated from them. Also some books are listed for him, such as "Causes of Fasting" (Arabic: علل الصوم) and "Issues of Men" (Arabic: مسائل الرجال).[8]
The agent of Hasan al-Askari
editIn some sources, he is mentioned as the agent of Imam Hasan al-Askari (the eleventh of the twelve Imams in Shia Islam) in the endowments of Qom.[12][13] Some have considered him as the agent of Ali al-Hadi (the tenth Imam), relying on some evidences.[14]
Careers
editAhmad ibn Ishaq was the agent of the Imams in the city of Qom and was responsible for the jurisprudential and doctrinal issues of the people (in Islamic sciences). He collected their funds and sent them to Imam Hasan al-Askari. He also took the necessary measures regarding endowments and it is known that by the order of Imam al-Askari, he started to build a mosque in the city of Qom, which is known today as Imam Hassan Askari Mosque.[15][16]
Also, he was a hadith scholar and narrates from eleven sheikhs and masters and twenty-three Shiite narrators are his students and narrators. Early rijals and narrators have all praised him for his trustworthiness and have reported several hadith works for him.[17]
Demise
editAccording to Mohammad ibn Omar ibn Abdol Aziz Kashshi's book Rijal al-Kashshi, Ahmad ibn Ishaq was alive until after the martyrdom of Imam Hasan al-Askari. According to this narration, he wrote a letter to the Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi (the son and the successor of Hasan al-Askari) asking for permission to go on Hajj pilgrimage. The Imam allowed him and sent him a cloth. When Ahmad saw the cloth, he said, "The Imam has announced my death". He died while returning from the Hajj pilgrimage in Hulwan, Iran.[18]
It is stated in the book Dala'il al-Imamah: Ahmad ibn Ishaq was working as the agent of Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi until he asked his permission to go to Qom. The Imam, in a request for permission to travel, had stated that he would not reach Qom and would fall ill on the way and die. So he fell ill in Hulwan and died and was buried there.[19] According to this, the date of his death is said to be the years around 874 to 877 CE.[20] Of course, according to a narration from Ibn Babawayh, he died during the life of Imam Hasan al-Askari.[21]
His tomb in the city of Sarpol-e Zahab is a Shiite shrine.[22][23][24]
Commemoration
editThe first congress in honor of Ahmad ibn Ishaq Ash'ari Qomi was held in Kermanshah in May 2006.[25][26] َAlso an international congress in honor of Ahmad ibn Ishaq Ash'ari Qomi was held in March 2011.[27][28] A special stamp of this congress was unveiled at the ceremony.[29]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "احمد بن اسحاق اشعری قمی - اداره کل فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی قم" (in Persian). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "استاندار کرمانشاه: بازسازی بقعه احمد بن اسحاق تا سالگرد زلزله باید تکمیل شود - ایرنا" (in Persian). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ Wardrop 1988, p. 227.
- ^ "جرعه نوشان اقیانوس بیکران جواد الائمه (ع) - خبرگزاری حوزه" (in Persian). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "تمبر احمدبن اسحاق اشعري قمي (ره) منتشر شد - ایسنا" (in Persian). 6 March 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "كلنگ‌زنی طرح جامع بازسازی حرم احمدبن اسحاق اشعری قمی - برنا" (in Persian). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "کلنگ بازسازی بقعه احمد بن اسحاق در سر پل ذهاب به زمین زده شد - خبرگزاری صدا و سیما" (in Persian). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ a b نجاشی, احمد بن على (1987). رجال نجاشى (in Persian). قم: جامعه مدرسین. p. 91.
- ^ ناصر الشریعه, محمد حسین (2004). تاریخ قم (in Persian). تهران: انتشارات رهنمون. pp. 126–131.
- ^ باقری بیدهندی, ناصر (1997). احمد بن اسحاق، امین امامت (in Persian). تهران: نشر سازمان تبلیغات اسلامی. p. 15.
- ^ نجاشی, احمد بن على (1987). رجال نجاشى (in Persian). قم: جامعه مدرسین. p. 73.
- ^ ناصر الشریعه, محمد حسین (2004). تاریخ قم (in Persian). تهران: انتشارات رهنمون. p. 211.
- ^
طبری, محمد بن جریر بن رستم (1993). دلائل الإمامة (in Persian). قم. p. 272.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ جباری, محمدرضا (2003). سازمان وکالت و نقش آن در عصر ائمة (in Persian). Vol. 2. قم: مؤسسه آموزش پژوهشی امام خمینی. pp. 549–550.
- ^ ناصر الشریعه, محمد حسین (2004). تاریخ قم (in Persian). تهران: انتشارات رهنمون. p. 227.
- ^ تاریخ جامع قم (in Persian). pp. 138–139.
- ^ "زندگینامه احمد بن اسحاق اشعری قمی رحمت الله علیه" (in Persian). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ کَشّی, محمد بن عمر بن عبدالعزیز (1970). رجال الکشی (اختیار معرفة الرجال) (in Persian). مشهد: دانشگاه مشهد. p. 557.
- ^
طبری, محمد بن جریر بن رستم (1993). دلائل الإمامة (in Persian). قم. p. 503.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ پاک‌نیا, عبدالکریم (April 2008). "احمد بن اسحاق نماینده ویژه امام حسن عسکری(ع)". مجله مبلغان (in Persian) (102): 22.
- ^ شیخ صدوق قمی, ابوجعفر محمد بن علی بن حسین بن موسی بن بابَوَیْه. کمال الدین، تصحیح علی اکبر غفاری (in Persian). Vol. 2. مؤسسه النشر الاسلامی (تابع جامعه مدرسین قم). pp. 464–465.
- ^ ناصر الشریعه, محمد حسین (2004). تاریخ قم (in Persian). تهران: انتشارات رهنمون. p. 250.
- ^ "کنگره احمدبن اسحاق اشعری قمی( ره) در کرمانشاه - خبرگزاری حوزه" (in Persian). 24 July 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "بازسازی بقعه احمد ابن اسحاق (ره) امسال به اتمام می_رسد - ایرنا" (in Persian). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "همايش بزرگداشت احمد ابن اسحاق برگزار مي شود - خبرگزاری مهر" (in Persian). 25 February 2006. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "معرفي شخصيت احمد ابن اسحاق(ع) ضرورت عصر حاضر است - ایسنا" (in Persian). 21 July 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "تجلیل از مقام شامخ احمد بن اسحاق قمی(ره)" (in Persian). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "کنگره بین المللی احمد بن اسحاق قمی در شهر سرپل ذهاب برگزار می شود - خبرگزاری مهر" (in Persian). January 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- ^ "تمبر احمدبن اسحاق اشعری قمی (ره) منتشر شد" (in Persian). Retrieved 15 May 2021.
- Wardrop, S. F. (1988). Lives of the Imams, Muhammad al-Jawad and 'Ali al-Hadi and the Development of the Shi'ite Organisation (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh.