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Ahti Karjalainen

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Ahti Kalle Samuli Karjalainen (10 February 1923 – 7 September 1990) was a Finnish economist and politician. He was a member of the Agrarian League (later known as Keskusta, Centre Party) and served two terms as Prime Minister of Finland.[2] He is, however, better known for his period as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Finland. Karjalainen is considered one of the most influential figures in post-war Finnish politics. Like President Urho Kekkonen, Karjalainen attached great importance to Finland's relationship with the Soviet Union, and was at one point considered to be Kekkonen's likely successor until alcoholism affected his later career.

Ahti Karjalainen
Karjalainen in 1980
28th Prime Minister of Finland[1]
In office
15 July 1970 – 29 October 1971
PresidentUrho Kekkonen
DeputyVeikko Helle
Preceded byTeuvo Aura
Succeeded byTeuvo Aura
In office
13 April 1962 – 18 December 1963
PresidentUrho Kekkonen
DeputyJohannes Virolainen
Preceded byMartti Miettunen
Succeeded byReino R. Lehto
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
4 September 1972 – 13 June 1975
Prime MinisterKalevi Sorsa
Preceded byKalevi Sorsa
Succeeded byOlavi J. Mattila
In office
12 September 1964 – 14 May 1970
Prime MinisterJohannes Virolainen
Rafael Paasio
Mauno Koivisto
Preceded byJaakko Hallama
Succeeded byVäinö Leskinen
In office
19 June 1961 – 13 April 1962
Prime MinisterV. J. Sukselainen
Martti Miettunen
Preceded byRalf Törngren
Succeeded byVeli Merikoski
Minister of Trade and Industry
In office
13 January 1959 – 19 June 1961
Prime MinisterV. J. Sukselainen
Preceded byOnni Hiltunen
Succeeded byBjörn Westerlund
Deputy Prime Minister of Finland
In office
29 September 1976 – 15 May 1977
Prime MinisterMartti Miettunen
Preceded byKalevi Sorsa
Succeeded byJohannes Virolainen
In office
4 September 1972 – 13 June 1975
Prime MinisterKalevi Sorsa
Preceded byMauno Koivisto
Succeeded byOlavi J. Mattila
In office
12 September 1964 – 26 May 1966
Prime MinisterJohannes Virolainen
Preceded byReino Oittinen
Succeeded byReino Oittinen
Member of the Finnish Parliament
In office
5 April 1966 – 23 March 1979
ConstituencyMikkeli
Personal details
Born
Ahti Kalle Samuli Karjalainen

(1923-02-10)10 February 1923
Hirvensalmi, Finland
Died7 September 1990(1990-09-07) (aged 67)
Helsinki, Finland
Political partyAgrarian League/Centre Party
(resigned in 1983)
SpousePäivi Koskinen
Children4
Alma materUniversity of Helsinki

Early life and education

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Karjalainen was born in Hirvensalmi as the youngest of four children. His father was farmer Anselm Karjalainen (1875–1943) and his mother was Anna Lyydia Viherlehto (1880–1962). He studied at the lukio in Mikkeli from 1935 until 1939, then was drafted into the army in the Winter War, serving in a radio reconnaissance unit. After the Winter War ended, Karjalainen briefly continued his education at the Lutheran folk high school in Tuusula, but once the Continuation War broke out, he returned to his old radio reconnaissance unit, serving at listening stations in Äänislinna and Karhumäki in the Republic of Karelia. During his second stint in the army, Karjalainen also attended the Reserve Officer School in Niinisalo and was promoted to the reserves with the rank of captain.

In 1944, after being discharged, Karjalainen entered the University of Helsinki, where he obtained his bachelor's degree in political science in 1946. He subsequently obtained his licentiate degree in 1958 and defended his doctorate in political science at the same university in 1959. His dissertation was titled "The relationships between the monetary politics of the Bank of Finland and the state economy from 1811 to 1953 mainly regarding liquidity analysis".

Political career

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Inauguration ceremony for the Urho Kekkonen precidency in 1968. Here the President meets the representants of diplomats. Behind him, the minister Ahti Karjalainen

Karjalainen served as the Minister of the Treasury, Minister of Foreign Affairs[3] and Minister of Trade and Industry for half a decade from 1957, forming his first government on 13 April 1962. It remained in office until December the following year; ultimately disbanding due to the resignations of ministers sympathetic to the SAK over economic and political issues. Karjalainen served a second term as prime minister from 15 July 1970 to 29 October 1971.

Karjalainen's ministerial career continued with only short interruptions until May 1977. By this time he had spent 5,772 days as a political minister - a period of service only surpassed by Johannes Virolainen. Karjalainen first entered the Parliament of Finland in 1966, serving as a member for 13 years.

In 1950, Urho Kekkonen made Karjalainen a key secretary in his first government. This was the start of a long-standing cooperative relationship between Kekkonen and Karjalainen, which endured for more than twenty years. So close was their partnership that throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, Karjalainen was seen by many as Kekkonen's crown prince and a possible successor. Their partnership ended when Kekkonen dismissed Karjalainen's second government in 1971.

In 1981 Karjalainen put his name forward to be presidential candidate of the Centre Party, but lost to Johannes Virolainen. The election was ultimately won by Mauno Koivisto who became President of Finland in January 1982, succeeding Kekkonen.

Outside politics, Karjalainen had a successful career with the Bank of Finland. He served as director of its research facility from 1953 to 1957, and was elected to its Board of Management in 1958. Karjalainen served as Deputy Governor of the Bank of Finland from 1979, acting chairman of the board from 1979 to 1982 and as governor from 1982 to 1983.[4] He also served as chairman of the Finnish-Soviet Economic Cooperation Commission (fi:Suomalais-neuvostoliittolainen taloudellinen yhteistyökomissio) from 1967 until 1983.

Post-politics

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The later stages of Karjalainen's political career were notably affected by his alcoholism – a national scandal ensued following his final resignation as prime minister when he was arrested for drunk-driving in 1979 and his involvement in an alcohol-fuelled incident at a reception marking the 34th anniversary of the signing of the Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948 in 1981. His alcoholism was the cause of his dismissal as Governor of the Bank of Finland and the chairmanship of the Finnish-Soviet Economic Cooperation Commission in 1983. Karjalainen's use of alcoholic beverages and the peculiar manner in which he spoke the English language led him to receive the moniker of "Tankero". "Tankero jokes" ended up becoming a widely known part of Finnish culture.

In 1986, Karjalainen was offered honorary membership of the Centre Party, but refused to accept the title on the basis of the treatment he had previously received.

In 1989, Karjalainen, with the assistance of Jukka Tarkka [fi], published his memoirs where he publicly claimed that Paavo Väyrynen had worked with the support of the Soviet Union – naming in particular Ministerial Adviser and KGB spy Viktor Vladimirov – to improve Karjalainen's chances in the 1982 presidential elections. This led to a request for clarification to the Parliamentary Constitutional Affairs Committee, led by Kimmo Sasi, a Member of Parliament, to examine the legality of Väyrynen's activities. However, the Constitutional Affairs Committee did not consider Väyrynen to have violated the Ministerial Accountability Act and the matter therefore lapsed.[5][6][7]

Personal life

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Ahti Karjalainen's grave

Karjalainen married Päivi Koskinen in 1947. They had four children; their third child, Kukka-Maaria Karjalainen [fi] (born 1952), is an author and a political scientist.

Karjalainen died of pancreatic cancer at the Riistavuori retirement home in Helsinki on 7 September 1990. He is buried in Hietaniemi Cemetery.

Honours and awards

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National honours

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Foreign honours

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Cabinets

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References

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  1. ^ "Governments in chronological order". Finnish government (Valtioneuvosto). Retrieved 27 March 2017.
  2. ^ "Ministerikortisto". Valtioneuvosto.[permanent dead link‍]
  3. ^ "Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland - Ministers of Foreign Affairs". Valtioneuvosto.fi. Archived from the original on 2024-05-25. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  4. ^ "Board Members in the history of the Bank of Finland". Bank of Finland. Archived from the original on 2017-08-07. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
  5. ^ Finlandization' Wins Respect of Finns
  6. ^ HS kuukausiliite 1/2010, pages 32-36
  7. ^ Vanhan liiton mies. Iltasanomat. 18.10.2008
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Kuka kukin on. Who's Who in Finland. Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava. 1978. p. 356. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  9. ^ Helsingin Sanomat. 8 July 1961. p. 9.
  10. ^ "Orðuhafaskrá". Forseti Íslands. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  11. ^ "Československý řád Bílého lva 1923–1990" (PDF). Archiv Kanceláře prezidenta republiky. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  12. ^ Bergroth, Tom C.; Brummer, Wilhelm; Matikkala, Antti, eds. (2018). Kahden presidenttikauden kunnia. Mauno Koiviston kunniamerkit = Två presidentperioders heder. Mauno Koivistos ordnar och utmärkelsetecken. Helsinki: Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ja Suomen Leijonan ritarikunnat. p. 21.
  13. ^ "Decreto 1230/1975, de 2 de junio, por el que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Orden de Isabel la Católica al señor Ahti Kalle Samuli Karjalainen" (PDF). Boletín Oficial del Estado. No. 138. 2 June 1975. p. 12521. Retrieved 19 October 2024.

Further reading

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Political offices
Preceded by Prime Ministers of Finland
1962–1963 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Ministers of Finland
1970–1971 		Succeeded by
Government offices
Preceded by Governor of the Bank of Finland
1982-1983 		Succeeded by
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